beeswax - hunter-valley-amateur-beekeepers.org · beeswax...

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BEESWAX Beeswax has been used by mankind since an7quity. Wax is essen7ally a solid or semisolid (depending on temperature) form of fat. Chemically it consists of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, faFy acids and proteins. If we eat too much fat we become obese. Ever seen an obese bee? No, they turn their fat intake into the manufacture of wax which is their principal building material for honeycomb to store their honey and, mixed with resins, to form propolis with which they shore up their hive structures and bung up holes. Making wax is an energy intensive process for which bees need a lot of honey as well and pollen. It has been calculated that it takes 8 kg of honey to make 1kg of wax. Since 165,000 foraging trips are needed to produce 1kg of honey, it takes well over a million for that kilogram of wax with bees flying about 4 million kilometres. So please remember that when you are playing with wax and throw away the last liFle piece! In their six weeks or so of life bees pass progressively through a series of job descrip7ons, and between 8 and 17 days of age wax making is their specialty. It is made in modified epidermal glands under the scales on the 4 th to 7 th abdominal segments. LiFle flakes of wax are scraped forward by front legs and mandibles to the mouth where they are mixed with saliva and kneaded into the appropriate consistency to make the cells of honeycomb. It takes 4 minutes to process one flake of wax and 66,000 bee/hours to make 1kg of wax and build 77,000 comb cells in a small hive. Beeswax is flammable; bushfires engulfing beehives leave nothing but the metal lids and straps and messy cooked honey. It melts at 64 0 C and if heated further to 72 0 C it loses its characteris7c aroma and colour and is briFle when cooled again. At 204 0 C, its flash point, it bursts into flames. So a[er all the work the bees have done to produce your cake of wax, what can it be used for? Apiarists use it as a founda7on comb in hives. Rolled into flat sheets and stamped with the hexagonal paFern of honeycomb cells it forms a template to direct the bees to build combs in frames so the beekeeper can access and manipulate them. One of the oldest uses is for making candles, especially candles for use in churches and cathedrals because they burn without emi^ng smoke. Making candles out of founda7on comb men7oned above is popular art form. Other common uses include furniture polish (wax, turps and ammonia), cosme7cs and perfumes, woodwork fillers and lubricants, cheese wraps, waxing moustaches and even surf boards. A request recently came to the local amateur beekeepers for wax to treat horses’ hooves! If you look up the internet you’ll find 101 uses, and remember just how much work the liFle bees did to make this remarkable product.

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Page 1: BEESWAX - hunter-valley-amateur-beekeepers.org · BEESWAX Beeswax,has,been,used,by,mankind,since,an7quity. Wax,is,essen7ally,asolid,or,semi>solid,(depending,on,temperature),form,of,fat.,Chemically,itconsists,

BEESWAX

Beeswax  has  been  used  by  mankind  since  an7quity.

Wax  is  essen7ally  a  solid  or  semi-­‐solid  (depending  on  temperature)  form  of  fat.  Chemically  it  consists  of  a  complex  mixture  of  hydrocarbons,  faFy  acids  and  proteins.  If  we  eat  too  much  fat  we  become  obese.  Ever  seen  an  obese  bee?  No,  they  turn  their  fat  intake  into  the  manufacture  of  wax  which  is  their  principal  building  material  for  honeycomb  to  store  their  honey  and,  mixed  with  resins,  to  form  propolis  with  which  they  shore  up  their  hive  structures  and  bung  up  holes.

Making  wax  is  an  energy  intensive  process  for  which  bees  need  a  lot  of  honey  as  well  and  pollen.  It  has  been  calculated  that  it  takes  8  kg  of  honey  to  make  1kg  of  wax.  Since  165,000  foraging  trips  are  needed  to  produce  1kg  of  honey,  it  takes  well  over  a  million  for  that  kilogram  of  wax  with  bees  flying  about  4  million  kilometres.    So  please  remember  that  when  you  are  playing  with  wax  and  throw  away  the  last  liFle  piece!

In  their  six  weeks  or  so  of  life  bees  pass  progressively  through  a  series  of  job  descrip7ons,  and  between  8  and  17  days  of  age  wax  making  is  their  specialty.  It  is  made  in  modified  epidermal  glands  under  the  scales  on  the  4th  to  7th  abdominal  segments.  LiFle  flakes  of  wax  are  scraped  forward  by  front  legs  and  mandibles  to  the  mouth  where  they  are  mixed  with  saliva  and  kneaded  into  the  appropriate  consistency  to  make  the  cells  of  honeycomb.  It  takes  4  minutes  to  process  one  flake  of  wax  and  66,000  bee/hours  to  make  1kg  of  wax  and  build  77,000  comb  cells  in  a  small  hive.    

Beeswax  is  flammable;  bushfires  engulfing  beehives  leave  nothing  but  the  metal  lids  and  straps  and  messy  cooked  honey.  It  melts  at  640C  and  if  heated  further  to  720C  it  loses  its  characteris7c  aroma  and  colour  and  is  briFle  when  cooled  again.  At  2040C,  its  flash  point,  it  bursts  into  flames.

So  a[er  all  the  work  the  bees  have  done  to  produce  your  cake  of  wax,  what  can  it  be  used  for?  

Apiarists  use  it  as  a  founda7on  comb  in  hives.  Rolled  into  flat  sheets  and  stamped  with  the  hexagonal  paFern  of  honeycomb  cells  it  forms  a  template  to  direct  the  bees  to  build  combs  in  frames  so  the  beekeeper  can  access  and  manipulate  them.

One  of  the  oldest  uses  is  for  making  candles,  especially  candles  for  use  in  churches  and  cathedrals  because  they  burn  without  emi^ng  smoke.  Making  candles  out  of  founda7on  comb  men7oned  above  is  popular  art  form.

Other  common  uses  include  furniture  polish  (wax,  turps  and  ammonia),  cosme7cs  and  perfumes,  woodwork  fillers  and  lubricants,  cheese  wraps,  waxing  moustaches  and  even  surf  boards.  A  request  recently  came  to  the  local  amateur  beekeepers  for  wax  to  treat  horses’  hooves!

 If  you  look  up  the  internet  you’ll  find  101  uses,  and  remember  just  how  much  work  the  liFle  bees  did  to  make  this  remarkable  product.