bawc 2016 email version
TRANSCRIPT
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Who am I?
• BSc (Hons) Forensic Science Student
• Graduate in July with predicted 1st Class (hopefully!)
• Aspirations for a career in the Wildlife Crime sector
• Combination of my two passions: Forensic Science & Wildlife!
• Particular interest in protecting birds of prey
• Lifelong member of the RSPB and Norfolk Wildlife Trust
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• Red and Green magnetic fluorescent fingerprint powders deemed most suitable for feathers• Black magnetic powder most suitable for the surface of the eggs
Previous Research
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Definitions• Research focused on the visualisation of latent fingermarks
– Latent: Generally difficult to visualise (invisible); Principle component is sweat;
Vast majority of all fingermarks
• Fingermark or Fingerprint?– Fingermark: Impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger
(Non-Fingerprint Experts)
– Fingerprint: Impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger (Qualified Fingerprint Experts Only!)
• Ridge Detail: ridge flow and specific ridge characteristics
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Methods• Fingerprint powders and Superglue fuming
• Powders observed using different wavelengths of light and their corresponding filters
• Superglue fuming followed by Basic Yellow 40 staining
• Fluorescent observed under blue light (430-470nm)
• Used a grading scale to determine the quality of the developed print
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Results
Feathers• Red magnetic powder enhanced
88.6% of fingermarks
• Green magnetic powder enhanced 84.3% of fingermarks
• Mainly low grade marks (some ridge detail present)
• Finer weave count of feather = better quality ridge detail
• Least Successful: White magnetic powder and aluminium powder
Eggs• Black magnetic powder enhanced
95.8% of fingermarks
• High number of high grade fingermarks developed
• High grade marks = more ridge detail present
• 100% enhancement on raptor eggs (Goshawk, Barn & Long-Eared Owl)
• Least successful on raptor eggs: aluminium powder
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Our Research• Replicated techniques
• Deposited fingermarks on the top, underside and quill tip of the feather
• Tested more colours of fluorescent fingerprint powder
• Trialled the combinations of powder and wavelength of light to determine the best contrast
• Used Superglue fuming followed by two types of stain
• New methodology
• Examined efficiency of Ninhydrin & DFO
• Additionally tested the effect of Small Particle Reagent (SPR)
• Looked at the effect of separation/repair
• Ensured each fingermark was deposited with the same amount of sweat and pressure
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Results – Magnetic powderGreen Powder + UV light: Dark Feather
Green Powder + UV light: Waterfowl Feather
Combination worked well on three feather types:
• A white, waterfowl feather
• A patterned Tawny Owl feather
• A dark, banded feather
The darker the feather, the better the contrast!
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Results – Superglue Ninhydrin & DFO
• Waterfowl Feathers– Basic Yellow 40 Stain –
Enhanced 7 out of 8 marks under blue light (430-470nm)
– Saffranin Stain – One mark (no ridge detail) under blue light
• Tawny Owl Feathers– Basic Yellow 40 Stain – No
enhancement– Yellow SPR – One mark, no ridge
detail– Green Fingerprint Powder + UV –
Enhanced all marks
• Concluded an unsuccessful “wet” treatment
• Chosen due to being fingermark development techniques for porous surfaces
• Feathers were dyed by the Ninhydrin reagent (purple) with no fingermark development
• No fingermarks were developed under DFO
• Concluded as unsuccessful development techniques for feathers
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Results – Small Particle Reagent (SPR)
• Liquid reagent caused problems with non-waterproof feathers
• Feathers needed to be re-spread and dried prior to examination
• Developed low grade prints (limited ridge details)
SPR + White Light: Tawny feather
SPR + UV Light: Tawny feather
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Effects of Separation• Two methods tested:
– Depositing a mark followed by separation of the feather – Separating the feather followed by depositing the mark
• Marks were enhanced with green fingerprint powder and SPR
• Detail was lost if mark separated after SPR enhancement
• Green fingerprint powder could be separated
• Separation and subsequent repair dependent on the texture of the feather
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Developed Mark, Separated Mark & Repaired Mark
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Conclusion
• Green magnetic fingerprint powder examined under UV light (350-380nm) most successful technique
• Small Particle Reagent most successful “wet” treatment
• Location of the mark on the feather is an important factor– Further from quill = clearer, more detailed fingermarks
• Texture of the feather effected enhancement and separation– Softer, “fluffier” feathers = less clear fingermarks– Thicker barbs of feather = more likely to be separated and repaired