Battery Chemistry

Electrochemical Cells

Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq)

Electric CarsChevy Volt: Charge uses 8 kWh of electricity to drive 40 miles

Equivalent in miles per gallon:

Is it worth it?

Cost of Ch. Volt = $40,000 Accord/Camry = $25,000

Energy Density: Burning EthanolCH3CH2OH + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 3 H2O G = -1324 kJ/mol

Energy per kg:

Energy Density: Lead Acid Car BatteryPb + PbO2 + 2 H2SO4 2 PbSO4 + 2 H2O

n = 4, Eo = 2.05 V, F = 96.5 kJ/V

G = -nFEo

Energy per kg:combined molar mass = 643 g/mol

Goals for Battery Development:

Battery Chemistry

Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq)

Eocell = Eocathode - Eo

anode

Common Batteries:

Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries

Anode:

Cathode:

Alloy is a mixture of 1 part (lanthanum, cerium, neodymium) and 5 parts (nickel, cobalt, manganese, aluminum)

Lithium Ion Batteries

Anode: LiCoO2 Li1-xCoO2 + x Li+ + x e-

Cathode: x Li+ x e- + C LixC

Fuel Cells