Battery Chemistry
Electrochemical Cells
Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq)
Electric CarsChevy Volt: Charge uses 8 kWh of electricity to drive 40 miles
Equivalent in miles per gallon:
Is it worth it?
Cost of Ch. Volt = $40,000 Accord/Camry = $25,000
Energy Density: Burning EthanolCH3CH2OH + 3 O2 2 CO2 + 3 H2O G = -1324 kJ/mol
Energy per kg:
Energy Density: Lead Acid Car BatteryPb + PbO2 + 2 H2SO4 2 PbSO4 + 2 H2O
n = 4, Eo = 2.05 V, F = 96.5 kJ/V
G = -nFEo
Energy per kg:combined molar mass = 643 g/mol
Goals for Battery Development:
Battery Chemistry
Cu2+(aq) + Zn(s) Cu(s) + Zn2+(aq)
Eocell = Eocathode - Eo
anode
Common Batteries:
Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries
Anode:
Cathode:
Alloy is a mixture of 1 part (lanthanum, cerium, neodymium) and 5 parts (nickel, cobalt, manganese, aluminum)
Lithium Ion Batteries
Anode: LiCoO2 Li1-xCoO2 + x Li+ + x e-
Cathode: x Li+ x e- + C LixC