BASICS OF CARDIORESPIRATORY ENDURANCE

Chapter 7Lesson 1 & 2

Lesson 1Your Heart, Lungs, and Circulation

Aerobic Activities and the BodyAerobic (with oxygen)

Continuous activity that requires large amounts of oxygen Rowing Step aerobics

Anaerobic (without oxygen) Activity requires high levels of energy and is done for

only a few seconds or minutes at a high level of intensity.

The Heart

Powerful pump2000 gallons of blood per day2 pumps

right Pulmonary - sends blood to the lungs left Systemic - sends blood throughout the body

The Heart

Septum – the wall of muscle that separates the Right and Left Chambers

Veins – transport blood low in oxygen to the right atrium then the right ventricle

Aorta – the largest artery in the bodyCoronary arteries – receive blood from the

aorta and supply the heart muscle with its own oxygenated blood supply

The Heart – blood vessels

Arteries carry blood away from the heartArteriolesCapillaries – where the exchange of oxygen

and carbon dioxide occursVenulesVeins have no muscular wall, carry blood to

the heart

Vein Valves

Resting Heartrate Average 72 beats per minutes

Hemoglobin An iron rich compound in the blood that helps carry

the oxygen Helps your cells produce energy

Stroke Volume Amount of blood pumped per beat of the heart

Respiratory System The body system that exchanges gases between your

body and the environment. Diaphragm

Muscle found between the chest cavity and abdomenHealthy Lungs

breathe 6 liters of air per minute at restup to 100 liters of air per minute during vigorous

exercise

Effects of Training on the Heart & Blood System

More blood is pumpedHeart becomes stronger, larger, and more

efficient Reduces the number of beats per minute and more

blood per beat (stroke volume)Increases the formation of capillaries in

skeletal muscles and in the heart muscle.

Increase exchange of gases between blood and muscles. Decrease fatigue during aerobic activities

Decrease recovery time

Effects of training on the Blood

Aerobic Training Increase total blood volume Increase red blood cells Increase hemoglobin Increase oxygen to muscle cells & removes waste

product and carbon dioxide more efficiently Increase HDL and decrease LDLExplain why each of the above is important?

Cardiorespiratory Endurancethe ability of the body to work

continuously for extended periods of time

Benefits:increased energyless stresslook and feel better

Lesson 2Problems and Care of Your Heart and Lungs

Lifestyle Diseasesdiseases that are the result of certain

lifestyle choices.sedentary lifestyle (inactivity)Being overweightSmoking and using other forms of tobaccoEating foods high in fat and cholesterol

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)any medical disorder that affects the heart or

blood vesselsLeading cause of death in the U.S. 950,000

AtherosclerosisPlaque builds up inside the arteries, restricting or

cutting off blood flow.

Cholesterol

High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) - Goodbody produces more with aerobic activity

Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) - BADcomes from foodaerobic activity lowers

Progression of Atherosclerosis

Stroke

Building up of deposits in the arteries that interrupts or blocks blood flow to the brain.

Warning Signs: Sudden numbness or weakness in face, arm or leg Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or

coordination Sudden, severe headache with no known cause

Results in damage to the brain and can leave a person partially or totally paralyzed or death.

Peripheral Vascular Disease occurs mostly in the legs and less frequently in the arms

Pain during physical activityPrimary risk factors:

Cigarette smoking Type 2 diabetes

Hypertension or High Blood PressureAka – the “Silent Killer”

No symptoms90-95% of the time, unknown causeBlood Pressure -The force of the blood in the main arteries-rises and falls as the heart and muscles of your body cope with varying demands: stress and vigorous physical activitySystolic/Diastolic

Systolic – pressure on arteries when heart contracts

Diastolic – pressure on arteries when heart relaxes

Normal blood pressure should be 140/90