baseline knowledge attitudes practices survey of...
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Baseline Knowledge Attitudes PracticesSurvey of Animal Health Workers on
Avian and Human Influenza
Prepared byNielsen Vietnam
forAvian Influenza Behavior Change Communication (AI BCC)
Academy for Educational DevelopmentFunded by
United States Agency for International Development
August 19, 2009
Contents
ContextMethodology and Sample Design
Research Objectives
Sampling Techniques
Respondent Definition
How Did We Collect Data
Questionnaire Flow
Detailed Findings
ContextMethodology and Sample Design
Research Objectives
Sampling Techniques
Respondent Definition
How Did We Collect Data
Questionnaire Flow
Detailed Findings
Context
Under the Provincial Program on Avian and Human Influenza (AHI) funded by USAID,AED’s AI BCC project is implementing training, communication and research activitiesto improve understanding and practices of small commercial poultry farmers andanimal health workers regarding AHI in 2009. The provincial package covers Ha Namand Hung Yen in the north, Quang Tri in the center and Can Tho and Kien Giang in thesouth. AED is coordinating interventions with other USAID-partners i.e., FAO, WHO,Abt Associates.
Majority of AED interventions at the commune level are in three provinces – Ha Nam,,Quang Tri and Kien Giang.
Through a competitive bidding process, Nielsen Vietnam was awarded a contract byAED to conduct a Knowledge- Attitudes-Practices (KAP) Survey of Animal HealthWorkers and Small Commercial (sector 3) Poultry Farmers to serve as baseline tomonitor and assess training and other activities.
This is the report on the Baseline Animal Health Worker survey
Business Needs AssessmentMethodology and Sample Design
Research Objectives
Sampling Techniques
Respondent Definition
How Did We Collect Data
Questionnaire Flow
Detailed Findings
Research Objectives : To gather information on
Knowledge, understanding and beliefs of animal health workers on AI, itssymptoms, modes of transmission, preventive measures in poultry andactions to take when an AI outbreak occurs in farms and communities
Knowledge, understanding and beliefs of animal health workers ontransmission of AI to humans specifically symptoms of human H5N1influenza and key preventive measures
Practices of animal health workers regarding prevention, control andreporting of AI occurrence in their areas of coverage, if outbreaks haveoccurred; if outbreaks have not occurred, what practices they are doingand plan to do
Knowledge of animal health workers on what actions to take if householdmembers show symptoms of human H5N1 influenza
Sources of information on the above matters and perceived credibility ofthose sources.
Research Design
Sampling TechniquesPurposive SamplingGeographic coverage: Ha Nam,Quang Tri, Kien GiangFieldwork:
Ha Nam started on June 01and ended on June 10Quang Tri started on May24 and ended on June 02Kien Giang started on May24 and ended on June 05
Sample SizeTotal sample size N=511Ha Nam (N= 150 for AHW)Quang Tri (N= 165 for AHW)Kien Giang (N= 196 for AHW)
Respondent CriteriaAnimal Health Worker(AHW)
Licensed or nonlicensedAware of AvianInfluenza
Overall, there are three levels of sampling for a sample design: Level 1"Random Sampling”; Level 2 "Quota Sampling - Fixed Route“ and Level 3"Quota Sampling - Open Route”.
In this study, we used Level 3 Purposive Random Sampling. Belowdescribes step by step how animal health workers were recruited
Step 2At Districtlevel, GLwasprovidedwith the keycontactpeople ofCommunes
Step 3At Commune, interviewersare provided contactinformation of the animalhealth workers from headof villages.
How Were Animal Health Workers Recruited?
Step 1At Provincial level,Group Leaders(GL) contacted thekey contact peopleof the VeterinaryDepartment of HaNam, Quang Triand Kien Giang.Here, anintroductory letterwas issued for GLto be used inDistricts
Ha Nam Province
Location: the south-west of the RedRiver deltaArea: 850 square kmPopulation: 837,662Economy: mainly agriculture,forestry and aquaculture (making ofone third of total provincial GPP)Other useful facts in 2008:
Number of licensed veterinarians:57Number of licensed animal healthworkers: 827
Nhan My; Nhan Thinh; DucLy; Dao Ly; Dong Ly;Nguyen Ly; Cong Ly
Ly Nhan#(n=30)
3
Thanh Son; Lien Son; KhaiPhong; Ba SaoThuy Loi; Ngoc Son; DongHoa; Thi Son; Kim Binh
Kim Bang#(n=40)
4
Studied CommunesDistrictNo
Kien Khe; Thanh Ha;Thanh Tuyen; Thanh Binh;Lien Thuan; Thanh luu;Thanh Thuy; Liem Can;Liem Kiet; Thanh Tan
Duy Minh*; Yen Bac; DuyHai;Hoang Dong
Dong Du*; Binh Nghia;Dinh Xa; Trang An; DinhNghia; Trinh Xa
ThanhLiem#(n=40)
5
Duy Tien#(n=30)
2
Binh Luc#*(n=30)
1
•# where fieldwork was conducted•* where there was AI outbreak
B×nh Lôc
Lý Nh©n
Duy Tiª n
Kim B¶ng
Thanh Liª m
TX. Phñ Lý
Quang Tri Province
Location: North CentralVietnamArea: 4,760 square kmPopulation: 625,800Other useful facts in 2008:
Number of licensedveterinarians: 50Number of licensedanimal health workers:543
Vinh Thuy; Vinh Hoa; VinhLong; Vinh Son
VinhLinh#(n=30)
3
Cam Thanh; Cam Tuyen;Cam Hieu
Cam Lo#(n=30)
4
Studied communesDistrictNo
Hai Thanh; Hai Truong
Dong Luong
Trieu Trung*; Trieu Do;Trieu Trach; Trieu Son
Gio My*; Trung Son*; GioThanh*; Gio Phong; TrungHai
Hai Lang#(n=15)
6
Dong Ha#(n=30)
5
TrieuPhong*#(n=30)
2
GioLinh*#(n=45)
1
•# where fieldwork was conducted•* where there was AI outbreak
Kien Giang Province
Location: Mekong delta ofSouthern VietnamArea: 6299 square kmPopulation: 1,634,043Other useful facts in 2008:
Number of licensedveterinarians: 17Number of licensedanimal health workers:370
Son Kien; Nam Thai Son; Binh Giang; Binh Son;Hon Dat Town; Lin Huynh; My Hiep son; My Lam;My Phuoc; My Thai; My Thuan; Son Binh; ThoSon; Soc Son Town
Hon Dat#(n=23)
Ham Yen*; Dong Thai; Dong Yen; Hung Yen; AnBien; Thu 3 Town; Tay Yen; Tay Yen A; NamThai; Nam Thai A
An Bien#(n=30)
3
Ngoc Truc; Giong Gieng Town; Long Thanh;Ngoc Thanh; Da Ban Thach
Giong Gieng#(n=30)
4
Studied communesDistrictNo
Duong Hoa; Kien Binh; Vinh Dieu; Vinh Phu;Kien Luong Town; Binh An; Binh Tri; Phu My;Hoa Dien; Phu Loi; Tan Khanh Hoa
Minh Luong; Mong Tho; Mong Tho B; Mong ThoA; Minh Hoa; Thanh L?c; Gi?c Tu?ng; Vinh HoàHi?p; Vinh Hoà Phu; Bình An
Tan Hiep A*; Tan Thanh; Tan An;Tan Hoi; TanHiep B; Thanh Dong 3; Thanh Tri
Vinh Tuy*; Thoi Quan; Dinh Hoa; Dinh An
Kien Luong#(n=18)
6
Chau Thanh#(n=35)
5
Tan Hiep#*(n=30)
2
Go Quao#*(n=30)
1
•# where fieldwork was conducted•* where there was AI outbreak
Kiª n H¶i
TX. Hµ Tiª n
Hßn § Êt
TX.R¹ch Gi¸
An Minh
An Biª n
Gß Quao
Giång GiÒngCh©u Thµnh
T©n HiÖp
Phó Quèc
VÜnh ThuËn
Kiª n L- ¬ng
Media Habits (Q77-Q82ab)
Demographics (Q83-Q88)32 OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS, 56 CLOSED ENDED QUESTIONS
Knowledge of Avian Influenza To Humans (Q63-Q75)
Sources of Avian Influenza Awareness (Q76ab)
Knowledge Of Avian Influenza Among Poultry (Q18-Q22)
Prevention And Control Of Avian Influenza Among Poultry (Q23-Q62)
Past Training On Avian Influenza (Q8-Q17)
Awareness Of Avian Influenza (Q6-Q7)
Screening questions (Q2-Q5)
Questionnaire Flow
Business Needs AssessmentMethodology and Sample Design
Research Objectives
Sampling Techniques
Respondent Definition
How Did We Collect Data
Questionnaire Flow
Detailed Findings
1.Avian Influenza Awareness
Male
Female
25 and below
26-35
36-45
46 and above
AB
CD
EF
Profile Of Animal Health Workers All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
7 out of 10 AWH are males, 65% of them belong to class EF. Most of them are fromages 36 and above and have varied education levels. More than 80% have receivedAI training.
Attending AI training
Education
Raise Poultry
24%
12%
34%
4%
63%
37%
86%
14%
26%
Trained
None Trained
Primary and Elementary school
High school
Diploma/ Vocational training
College
Bachelor degree
Raising poultry
Non-raising poultry
Gender
Age
SEC
0%
65%
34%
45%
24%
23%
9%
28%
72%
100%
Have you heard of Avian Influenza?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q6. Have you heard of Avian Influenza? (Close-end)
Yes
27%
23%
19%
19%
13%
10%
10%
39%
45%
56%Is transmissible to humans
Is an infectious disease caused by H5N1 virus inthe air
Cause fatal disease to humans
A disease that can cause massive death
Has strong spread
Avian flu is a very dangerous infectious diseaseamong poultry
H5N1 disease is originated from poultry
Is transmissible among poultry
Easily cause a fatality to poultry
Easily transmit to humans through respiration
H5N1 causes a heavy damage to the economy
Has no cure yet/can only vaccinations forprevention for this disease
What do you know about AI?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q7. What you know about AI? (Open-end)
All AHWs are aware of Avian Influenza in overall and the top three knowledge of AIare related to “the transmission of AI”, “an infectious caused by H5N1 virus” and“cause fatal disease to humans”.
14%
86%
Have you ever attended AItraining before?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
More than 80% of AHW have attended an AI training recently and the key organizeris Sub-DAH.
Yes No
Who organized the AI training?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q8. if you ever attended a training about Avian Influenza before? (Close-end) Q11. Who organized the training? (Close-end)
3%
1%
1%
4%
15%
74%
Vietnam Veterinary Association
Department of animal health ofVietnam
Food and agricultureorganisation/FAO
Local vet centre
Vietnam Poultry Association
Sub-DAH
What were the training about?Those Who Attended AI Training (n=439)
10%
9%
7%
7%
6%
14%
25%
78%
Communicate local community that H5N1 is adangerous virus
Skills to deal with the areas with H5N1 outbreaks
Causes of the disease
Consequences/impacts of the disease
Communication about the Avian Flu awareness
Vaccination skills/ knowledge
Symptoms/ signs/ ways to recognize H5N1 amongpoultry
Prevention methods to H5N1
Source: Q12. What was the training about? (Open-end)Source: Q9. When was the last time attending the most recent AI training? (Close-end)
16%
26%
35%1 monthago
2-5months
ago
6-12months
ago
When did it happen?Those Who Attended AI Training (n=439)
78% say that the most recent AI training attended was about “prevention methods toH5N1” and the training was held 1-5 months ago.
71%29%
Aside from the most recent AI training, didyou attend any other AI training?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
2%
2%
3%
3%
9%
79%Sub-DAH
Vietnam PoultryAssociation
Women union ofprovince/district
Local vet centre
Association oflocal farmers
Agriculturalextension
centre
Who are the organizers?Who Said Attended Another AI Training (n=129)
Only 29%of AHW attended another AI training and Sub-DAH is also the keyorganizer for this training.
Yes No
Source: Q13. Aside from the most recent AI training, did you attend any other training on AI? (Close-end)Source: Q16. Who organized this training? (Close-end)
What was the training about?Those Who Attended Another AI Training (n=129)
9%
8%
8%
7%
5%
4%
4%
15%
22%
72%
47%
24%
22%
7%1 monthago
2-5months
ago
6-12months
ago
Over 1year
When did it happen? Those Who Attended Another AI Training (n=129)
Disinfection methods
Communication about the Avian Flu awareness
Ways to raise poultry
Consequences/impacts of the disease
Ways to clean breeding facilities
Communicate local community that H5N1 is a dangerousvirus
Skills to deal with the areas with H5N1 outbreaks
Vaccination skills/knowledge
Trainings on symptoms/signs/ways to recognize H5N1among poultry
Prevention methods to H5N1
Source: Q17. What was the training about (Open-end)Source: Q14. When did it happen (Close-end)
The contents of the other AI training AHWs attended focus on prevention andsymptoms and the training was conducted over one year ago.
2. Knowledge of Avian Influenza amongPoultry
Which birds can get AI?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q18. Which birds can get AI (Close-end)
2%
5%
5%
15%
15%
85%All birds
Chickens
Ducks
Geese
Turkey
Wild bird
What cause poultry to get AI?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
4%
4%
4%
5%
5%
6%
6%
7%
8%
8%
12%
12%
41%
21%
13%
Local people throw dead poultry negligently
Buy uncertified/unknown poultry
Buy a sick breeding poultry
Wet condition/place make the poultry weak hence thedisease easily attracks
Through the feces/respiration of birds
Contact other sick poultry
Eat foods that carry the disease
Let poultry run free in fields
Due to the unclean raising environment
Poultry do not have vaccinations
Unexpected change in weather
Poultry drink water that carries the disease
Do not clean the breeding facilities often or clean enough
Transport the poultry from the infected place to this place
Birds' migration can transmit the disease to other poultry
Source: Q19 What cause poultry/bird to get AI (Open-end)
Overall, most of AHW know all birds can get AI. Key reasons for poultry to get AIare related to “birds’ migration” and “transporting” poultry from place to place.
High fever
Mass death among poultry
Feces are white/green/light red/liquid
Feather is ruffled up/lost
Salivates at mouth/nose
Redden the skin areas without hair/at legs
Suffers from in appetence
Crest/skin/mouth/tongue becomes black andblue
Sluggish/sick chicken
What are the symptoms thatshow CHICKEN get AI?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
15%
15%
20%
26%
28%
29%
30%
49%
59%
What are the symptoms thatshow DUCK get AI?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
12%
14%
14%
14%
17%
18%
20%
21%
26%
51%
High fever
Feces are white/green/light red/liquid
Lose balance in movement
Salivates at mouth/nose
Convulsive/go around
Mass death among poultry
Redden the skin areas without hair/at legs
Feather is ruffled up/lost
Suffers from in appetence
Sluggish/sick chicken
Source: Q20/Q21 Sign/symptom on duck/chicken that have got AI (Open-end)
Symptoms recognized in Chicken and Ducks are similar. Very few AHWs mentioned“sudden massive death” as one of the common symptoms of AI.
20%
80%
Can ducks be infected with AI even withoutshowing any symptoms?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q22 Can ducks be infected with AI even without showing any symptoms (Close-end)
Yes No
80% of AHWs say ducks can be infected without showing any symptoms.
3. Prevention and Control ofAvian Influenzaamong Poultry
How serious the AI is?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q23 How serious is avian influenza (Close-end)
6%
93%
1%
Very serious (5.0) Serious (4.0)
Neutral (3.0) Not serious (2.0)
Not very serious (1.0)
25%
20%
6%
5%
5%
4%
3%
3%
2%
44%
52%
70%Fatal disease to humans/Quick death amonghumans if do not have timely cure
Is transmissible to humans
Heavy damages to the economy
Cause massive death among poultry
Speedy transmission
Affect the public health
Not cure for humans yet
It is an infectious virus
Cause death among poultry
Wide spread
Cause disease among poultry
Transmit to other animals
Source: Q24 Why do you think AI is serious (Open-end)
Why do you think AI is serious?All Animal Health Workers (n=507)
Majority AHWs consider AI is very serious. Key reasons for considering AI veryserious/serious is related to “fatality and incurability of H5N1”.
What can be done by farmers to prevent AI from occurring in poultry?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q25 What can be done by farmers to prevent AIfrom occurring in poultry (Open-end)
2%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
6%
9%
9%
34%
59%
67%
Report to animal health centre
Do not prepare/eat sick/dead poultry
Do not allow people to contact dead/sick poultry
Protect the cage carefully/closed cage/open cage with fence
Wear glove, mask, protection clothes when contactingpoultry
Raise certified and known poultry/assured breed
Keep flocks separately/separate sick poultry from the flock
Do not allow poultry run freely
Spray lime around the breeding cage/holes for burying deadpoultry
Disinfect the breeding facilities
Clean the breeding facilities regularly
Timely/periodic vaccination
According to AHW, actions which are farmers can take to prevent AI in poultryare Vaccination, Regular Cleaning and Disinfection.
2%
2%
3%
3%
4%
4%
5%
5%
7%
24%
51%
74%Report to the nearest vet
Keep flocks separately/separate sick poultry from the flock
Report to a local authority
Disinfect the breeding facilities
Do not prepare/eat sick/dead poultry
Timely/periodic vaccination
Do not transport, sell, buy sick poultry
Strictly monitor flocks of poultry to preventdisease in time
Do not allow people to contact dead/sick poultry
Clean the breeding facilities regularly
Spray lime around the breeding cage/holes for buryingdead poultry
Destroy immediately after the poultry is dead
What should be done by farmers if they find sick poultry in their farm?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q26. What should be done by farmers if they find sick poultry in their farms(Open-end)
According to AHWs, if farmers find sick poultry in their farm, the first thing farmersshould do is “report to the nearest vet” (74%) then “keep flock separately from the sickpoultry (51%).
4%
5%
6%
7%
7%
11%
14%
19%
23%
26%
37%
69%
What should be done by farmers if they find dead poultry intheir farm?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q27. What should be done by farmers if they find dead poultry in their farms (Open-end)
Do not throw the dead poultry negligently
Clean the breeding facilities regularly
Do not prepare/eat sick/dead poultry
Do not transport, sell, buy sick poultry
Do not allow people to contact dead/sick poultry
Keep flocks separately/separate sick poultry from the flock
Spray lime around the breeding cage/holes for burying dead poultry
Disinfect the breeding facilities
Report to a local authority
Destroy immediately after the poultry is dead
Bury dead poultry/put the dead poultry into a nylon pack and bury it deeply
Report to the nearest vet
AHWs say that farmers should “Report to the nearest vet” (69%) if they find deadpoultry in their farm followed by “Bury dead poultry…” (37%).
5%
5%
7%
8%
9%
10%
12%
15%
18%
18%
28%
63%
Source: Q28. What should you, as an animal health worker, do if you receivea report of sick birds from a farmer (Open-end)
Report to superior/specialized organizations
Burn the dead poultry (put into the nylon pack)
Report to local government
Follow guideline
Directly spray chemicals to disinfect the farm with other people
Keep track of each poultry to give medicine
Test the sample to check if there is H5N1 or not
Report to everyone about the place with the outbreak and localize that place
Quickly come to the place reported with the H5N1 outbreak
Report to animal health centre
Separate the sick poultry from the flock/Communicate people not to let their poultry tocontact with the infected poultry
Come to identify the reason causing the sick of the poultry and if it is caused by H5N1
What should AHW do if they receive a report of sick poultry from farmer?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
When receiving a report of sick poultry from a farmer, the first action AHWs will do is“Come to identify the reason causing the death of the poultry” (63%).
What should AHW do if they receive a report of dead poultryfrom farmer?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
9%
10%
13%
13%
14%
15%
17%
19%
20%
25%
37%
39%
Separate the sick poultry from the flock/Communicate people not to let their poultry tocontact with the infected poultry
Report to local government
Follow guideline
Distribute the lime around the cage/ buried hole
Directly spray chemicals to disinfect the farm with other people
Report to everyone about the place with the outbreak and localize that place
Quickly come to the place reported with the H5N1 outbreak
Test the sample to check if there is H5N1 or not
Report to animal health centre
Dig holes to bury poultry/ dig hole to bury poultry placed in a nylon pack
Come to identify the reason causing the death of the poultry and if it is caused by H5N1
Burn the dead poultry (put into the nylon pack)
Source Q29. What should you, as an animal health worker do if youreceive a report of dead birds from a farmer (Open-end)
If AHW receives a report of dead poultry from a farmer, AHWs will “Burn the dead poultry”(39%) and/or “Come to identify the reason causing death of poultry” (37%).
4%
25%
2%6%
35%
11%
17%
Total (n=511)
Very likely not happen (1.0)
Likely not happen (2.0)
Slightly not happen (3.0)
Neutral (4.0)
Slightly happen (5.0)
Likely happen (6.0)
Very likely happen (7.0)
How likely do you think that there will bean AI outbreak in your commune?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Q31 (Close-end)
Reasons AIUnlikely to
happen(n=481)
Reasons AIlikely tohappen(n=158)
•Raising habit to let poultry run freely: 6%•Can not control the number of birds migratedfrom other places: 5%•Poultry does not have proper vaccination: 5%
•Follow full vaccination: 50%•Always prevent strictly: 14%•Local people here have a good awareness ofAvian Flu: 9%•People keep their breeding facilities cleaned:9%•People carry out properly the communicationactivities: 6%
Q32: Open-ended
Majority of AHWs think an AI outbreak will not likely happen in their commune becausepoultry are vaccinated. The minority who say AI will likely happen cite the habit ofletting poultry run freely, migration and not having proper vaccination as reasons.
As an AHW, are you doing anything toprevent poultry not getting H5N1 in
your areas?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
0%
100%
Yes No
3%
3%
4%
4%
4%
5%
11%
13%
13%
15%
34%
72%
What are you doing?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Q33
Distribute the lime around the cage/ buried hole
Communicate people to wash their hands with clean waterand soap before and after contacting poultry
Do not slaughter/eat sick/dead poultry
Communicate people to be aware of the danger of theepidemic disease
Request people to wear glove, mask, protection clotheswhen contacting poultry
Communicate people to not transport, sell sick poultry
Instruct people about the methods to prevent H5N1
Directly spray chemicals to disinfect the farm with otherpeople
Communicate people to buy breeding animal with theclear origin and quarantined
Follow guideline
Do not neglect with the cleaning of breeding facilities
Communicate people to continue vaccinations 100%
Source: Q34. What are you doing to prevent poultry in your areas fromgetting avian influenza even if there is no outbreak (Open-end)
All AHWs say they are doing something to prevent poultry in their area from gettingAI. Communicating to people to continue full vaccination is the main action (72%)followed by telling people not to neglect cleaning of breeding facilities (34%).
40%
54%
54%
58%
59%
61%
63%
66%
67%
70%
71%
Apart from that, what else are you doing?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q35. Apart from that, what else are you doing to prevent poultry in youcommune from getting AI H5N1 even if there is no outbreak (Close-end)
Communicate farmers/others to vaccinate poultry against AI
Communicate farmers/others to control entries into the farm (do not let middleman enterthe farmyard, keep visitors away from poultry etc
Communicate to farmers to clean and disinfect their farm regularly
Communicate farmers/others to keep all poultry brought to the farm separate from otherpoultry for at least 2 weeks
Communicate to farmers to wear mask and gloves when handling poultry
Communicate farmers/others avoid contacting with sick and dead poultry
Immediately report of sick or dead poultry to veterinary officials and local authorities
Communicate farmers/others to keep poultry in a protected environment (enclosedbuilding/ fenced area)
Communicate to farmers to only buy breeders from certified or known sources
Communicate farmers/others not buy or sell poultry that has been sick or dead
Wash hand with clean water and soap BEFORE AND AFTER contacting with poultry
Other actions by AHWs to prevent poultry in their area are related to hygiene andcommunication like washing hands with soap and water.
100%
Yes
6%
6%
7%
8%
9%
9%
11%
12%
14%
18%
22%
25%
Are you doing anything toinform farmers on what to do if
there is AI outbreak?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
What are you doing?All Animal Health Worker (n=511)
Source: Q36. Are you doing anything to inform farmers in yourarea on what to do if there is an AI outbreak (Close-end)
Temporarily keep the poultry separately during the outbreak
Through a loud speaker of the commune
Communicate farmer to disinfect their farm
Guide/directly meet people to guide people about H5N1prevention
Before and after contacting poultry, wash hands with cleanwater/soap
Regularly spray disinfections chemicals
Limit contacting sick/dead poultry (including children)
Communicate people not to transport chicken/ducks to thearea with the H5N1 outbreak
Advise them not to eat/slaughter sick/dead poultry
Communicate people to keep their breeding facilities clean
Request farmer use PPE when contacting poultry
Request farmer to report veterinary centers immediatelywhen finding out H5N1 among their poultry
Source: Q37. As an animal health worker, what are you doing to informfarmers on what to do if there is an AI H5N1 outbreak (Open-end)
All AHWS report they are doing something to inform farmers in their area on whatto do if there is an AI outbreak. 25% of AHWs say that they request farmers toreport immediately to vet centre when they have an AI outbreak in poultry.
50%
57%
57%
57%
59%
60%
62%
66%
70%
72%
75%Communicate to farmers to wash hands with clean water and soapbefore and after contacting with poultry
Communicate with farmers to immediately report sick or dead poultryto vet or village head
Communicate with farmers not to transport any poultry from outbreakarea
Communicate with farmers to use mask and gloves when handling anypoultry
Communicate farmers/others avoid contacting with sick and deadpoultry
Communicate with farmers not to eat sick or dead poultryCommunicate farmers/others that if people had contact with poultry
and have fever to immediately go to their local health center or hospitalCommunicate farmers/others not buy or sell poultry that has been sick
or dead
Communicate with farmers to clean and disinfecttheir farm
Communicate farmers/others eat only thoroughlycooked poultry and poultry products (no pink meat
or runny eggs)Communicate farmers/others to control entries into the farm (do not let
middleman enter the farmyard, keep visitors away from poultry etc
Source: Q38. Apart from that, what else are you doing to inform farmers onwhat to do if there is an AI outbreak (Close-end)
Apart from that, what else are you doing if there is an outbreak?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Other actions by AHWs are mostly communication activities as described as below.
1%
99%
Yes No
27%
15%
16%
23%
14%Last week
Last twoweek
Last threeweek
Last month
Before lastmonth
Have you given vaccination topoultry in your area? All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
When was the last time you gavevaccinations?
Those who gave vaccinations (n=506)
Almost all AHWs claim to give vaccination to poultry in their area. Most AHW gavevaccination within last month.
Source: Q40. Have you given vaccinations topoultry in your area (Close-end) Source: Q41. When was the last time you gave vaccinations (Close-end)
How many vaccinations do DUCKrequire?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
How many days apart should the firstand second vaccination be given?
Those who ans Code 2 to 3 in Q43 (n=502)
2%5%
93%
Q43. How many vaccinations do ducksrequire (Close-end)
93% AHW say ducks require 2 vaccinations. 77% AHW say 28-30 days is the days apartthe first and second vaccination. Most of AHW claim giving vaccination to ducks from15 days or older.
5%
77%
15%
4%1-14days
15-27days
28-30days
Over 30days
Source: Q44. How many days apart should the first and second vaccinations begiven (Close-end)Source: Q45. When should the first vaccination for ducks be given (Close-end)
First Vaccination To Ducks All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
•1-14 days: 4%•15-27: 15%•28-30 days: 77%•Over 30 days: 5%
One Two More than two
Is vaccination harmful toyoung duck?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Why do you think vaccination harmfulto your duck?
Those who ans Code 2 to 3 in Q43 (n=83)
Affect the wings of the ducks
Some young ducks can not stand the chemicals in the vaccination
Cause slow growth in the young ducks' feather
Cause the duck grow slowly
Vaccination for weak young duck will only weaken them
Immune system of young ducks is weak and vaccination is stronghence this can cause fatal harm to young duck
Young duck can get side effect from vaccination such as light fever,quit eating
1%
8%
11%
12%
13%
20%
53%
16%84%
Q46. Is vaccination harmful to young ducks (Close-end) Source: Q47. Why do you think that vaccination harmful to young ducks (Open-end)
Yes No
84% of AHWS say that vaccination is not harmful to young ducks. Of the 16%AHWS who say that vaccination is harmful to young ducks, 53% claim that youngducks can get side effects from vaccinations.
Do you wear anything to protect yourselfwhen handling with poultry?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
What do you wear?Those who claimed to wear (n=507)
99%
1%
Yes No
Q48. do you wear anything to protect yourself whenhandling poultry (Close-end)
3%
97%
Mask
Glove andMask
Q49. What do you wear (Close-end)
How frequently do you wear Glove &Mask?
Those who claimed to wear Glove & Mask (n=493)
Q50R3. How often do you wear-Mask and gloves (Close-end)
1%
34%
65%Always
Often
Sometimes
Nearly all AHWs say they wear something when handling poultry. 97% say theywear mask and gloves when handling poultry. Of those who wear mask and gloves,65% say they wear them always.
Do you wash your hands with soap andwater when handling poultry?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
100%
Yes No
How often do you wash your hands?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Q51. As an animal health worker, do you wash your handswith soap and water when handling poultry (Close-end)
Source Q52. How often do you wash your hands with soapand water when handling poultry (Close-end)
1%
1%
1%
6%
8%
21%
61%
Sometimes after handling poultry
Always before handling poultry
Sometimes before and after handling poultry
Often after handling poultry
Often before and after handling poultry
Always after handling poultry
Always before and after handling poultry
All AHWs say they wash hands with soap and clean water when handling poultry. 61%of AHWS report that they always wash before and after handling poultry while 21% saythey always wash after handling poultry.
Why do you wash your hands?Those who claimed always wash hands (n=312)
1%
2%
12%
30%
87%
Avoid feeling of dirt
I also have germs on my hands beforecontacting poultry
Kill germs
Protect myself
Prevent transmitting germs topoultry/Prevent transmitting the disease
from poultry
Source: Q53R1. Why do you wash your hands with soapand water when handling poultry (Open-end)
1%
9%
13%
63%
14%Every time
Frequently
Sometimes
Rarely
Never
How Often Do You Change YourClothes After Handling Poultry?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source Q54. How often do you change your clothes afterhandling poultry (Close-end)
87% of AHWs who always wash hands before and after handling poultry say thereason is to prevent transmitting disease to poultry. 63% AHWs report changingclothes frequently after handling poultry.
82%
18%
Yes No
Did you do anything before enteringfarmer’s poultry?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q55. Before entering someone's poultry farmer, doyou do anything to ensure that the poultry in the farm areprotected from AI virus from outside (Close-end)
17%
52%
80%Wash hands with soap and water before
entering farm
Wash shoes or slippers with soap and
water before entering farm
Wash bicycle or motorbike tires before
entering farm
What did you do before entering apoultry farm?
Those Who Did Some AI Preventions (Code 1 In Q55)
Source Q56. What do you do before you enter apoultry farm (Close-end)
82% of AHWs say they do something before entering a farm. Of these, 80% reportwashing hands with soap and water, 52% report washing shoes or slippers with soapand water.
34%66%
Yes No
Do you know what a “PPE” is?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q57. Do you know what a “PersonalProtective Equipment” (PPE) is (Close-end)
8%
8%
12%
18%
19%
34%
48%
75%
75%Mask
Glove
Boot/shoe
Protective clothes
Hat
Glass
Is a tool to protecthumans infected
Raincoat
Blue Shirt
What is PPE?Those Who Were Aware Of PPE (n=173)
Source: Q58. What is PPE (Open-end)
34% claim to know what is a PPE (Thiết Bị Bảo Hộ Cá Nhân). Of these, 75% say that PPEis mask and/or gloves.
85%
15%
Yes No
8%
9%
10%
17%
20%
31%Do you access to a PPE easily?Those Who Were Aware Of PPE (n=173)
Source: Q59. Do you have easy access to a PPE? (Close-end)Source: Q60. Where can you easily get one? (Open-end) Source: Q61. Have you been trained on how to put it on and use a PPE? (Close-end)
Local medical centre
Buy from the local market
District/commune people committee
Animal health worker comes to distribute
Sub veterinary department
Dong Ha veterinary center
Where To Easily Access PPEThose Who Ans Easily Access PPE (n=147)
85%
15%
Yes No
Have you been trained on how to usePPE?
Those Who Ans Easily Access PPE (n=147)
85% of those who know PPEs say it is easy to access. Dong Ha vet centre and subvet department are two key places to access PPE. 85% of those received trainingon PPE.
4. Avian Influenza Prevention and ControlAmong Humans
85%
1%14%
Yes No DK
6%
15%
35%
38%
52%
Through respiration when contacting sick poultry
Eat unwell-cooked poultry
Do not wear PPE when contacting poultry
Transmits H5N1 to humans when contacting poultry
Eat sick poultry
Can you always realize whenhuman get AI?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
What cause human to get AI?Those Who Were Aware Of AI (n=433)
Source: Q62. Can you always realize when humans get AI (Close-end)
Q63. Open-ended
21%
25%
27%
36%
55%
92%
Q64. Open-ended
What are sign and symptom of AIamong human?
Those Who Were Aware Of AI (n=433)
Headache/lose balance
Tired
Stiff breast
Cough
Difficult breathing
High fever
85% of AHWs say they can recognize signs of AI in humans. Causes for humans to getAI are eating sick poultry and contact with infected poultry. 92% of AHWs say high feveris the key symptom of a human with AI.
What should you do if you think someone get AI?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
3%
3%
53%
58%
91%
Source: Q65a,b. If you think someone has AI, whatshould you do ? (Close-end)
Get medicine from pharmacy/medicine shop
Keep patients separated
Bring immediately to doctor/Hospital
Inform community health worker
Bring immediately to health center
91% of AHWS say that if they think someone has AI, the person should be broughtimmediately to health center.
Have there been any outbreak of AIin this commune?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511) How long did it happen?Those who said yes (n=120)
Source: Q66a,b. Have there been any outbreak of AI inthis commune? (Close-end)
24%
1%
75%
Yes No DK
Source: Q67b. How long did that happen in your commune(Close-end)
86%
6%
8%2-6 months ago
6 months to 1 year
More than one year ago
24% of AHWS report having had an AI outbreak in their commune; of these, 86% saythat the outbreak happened in the commune more than a year ago.
Have there been any outbreak of AIin this village?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
How long did it happen?Those who said yes (n=60)
Source: Q66a,b. Have there been any outbreak of AI inthis village? (Close-end)
12%
88%
Yes No
Source: Q67a. How long did that happen in your village(Close-end)
95%
3%
2%2-6 months ago
6 months to 1 year
More than one year ago
12% of AHWs report having had an AI outbreak in their village; of these, 95% say theoutbreak happened in the village more than a year ago.
16%84%
Yes No
7%
8%
10%
12%
21%
52%
Do you confront any problem that preventyou from doing your work effectively?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
What are the problems?Those Who Said Yes (n=84)
Source: Q68. As AHW, do you confront any problems thatprevent you from doing your work effectively? (Close-end) Source: Q69. what are these problems? (Open-end)
People do not report sick flock of poultry because they are afraidthat their poultry will be culled
Vaccination to wild ducks is very hard
They are not aware of the consequence of the epidemic disease
Roads to farms are quite far and not good conditions
Little allowance
Low awareness from the local people hence they do not cooperatein vaccination as they are afraid that vaccination has
negative impact on their poultry
16% of AHWs say they face some difficulties which prevent them from doing theirwork effectively. Of these, 52% say the difficulty is low awareness of local peopleresulting in non-cooperation in vaccination while 21% say “little allowance”.
2%
2%
5%
5%
6%
6%
6%
6%
7%
11%
23%
39%Explain and communicate with the farmers about the danger of the epidemic disease for the community
Request for more allowance to assist communication
Communicate people that vaccination is not harmful to poultry
Provide the transport (e.g. boats, etc)
Communicate people through training
Try to persuade by my words
Request superior to handle cases
Need the support from local government
Persuade people about the importance of vaccination in prevention of the epidemic disease
Improve the road conditions for easier commuting
Training on epidemiology
Training on how to handle when there is AI outbreak
Source: Q70. What do you think can be done to help in solvingthese problems? (Open-end)
What should be done?Those Who Said Yes (n=84)
AHWS recommend actions to solve these problems as below :
What should be done to help you improving your work onAI prevention?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
21%
25%
32%
39%
42%
43%
45%
50%
50%
55%Training on epidemiology
Regular meetings with vet
Training on culling and outbreak response
Study visits
Training on communication
Training on surveillance
Communication materials like poster/leaflet
Regular meetings with other animal healthworkers
Supervision from vet
Uniform/badge/ID
Source: Q71. As AHW, what will help you in improving yourwork on ai prevention and control? (Close-end)
Of things which will help them in improving their work, AHWs cite training onepidemiology (55%), regular meetings with vet (50%), training on culling andoutbreak response (50%), among others.
76%
24%
Yes No5%
27%
34%
41%
69%
70%
74%
What are the materials?Those Who Said Yes (n=387)
4%
11%
24%
27%
39%
43%
51%
Can I see these materials?Those Who Said Yes (n=387)
Boots
Duck vaccination poster
Bag
Hat
Duck leaflet
AI prevention leaflet
Vaccination flyer
Are you using visual aids for AIcommunicating?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Q72. (Close-end)
Raincoat
Duck vaccination poster
Bag
Hat
AI prevention leaflet
Vaccination flyer
Duck leaflet
Q73a (Close-end)
Do you find these materials useful?Those Who Said Yes (n=387)
100%
Yes
Q73b (Close-end)Q74. (Close-end)
76% of AHWs report using visual aids in their work. Aids include vaccination flyers(74%), leaflets (70%) and duck leaflets (69%). All AHWS find them useful in their AIcommunication. Many AHWs were able to show these materials.
Where did you get AI information?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
24%
27%
41%
45%
46%
48%
50%
53%
61%
67%
73%
73%
99%Television
Vet
AI training that I attended
Loudspeaker
Radio
Newspaper/magazine
Neighbor
People Committee
Leaflets
Friends/relatives
Dept of Animal Health (DAH) or Ministry ofAgriculture and Rural Development (MARD)
Billboards/posters
Agricultural extension worker
Q76a. Open-endedSource: Q76B. Which one do you consider your single mostreliable source of information on AI? (Close-end)
Which source do you consider your mostreliable source?
All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
1%
1%
1%
2%
8%
11%
27%
49%
Loudspeaker
Leaflets
Radio
People Committee
Vet
Dept of Animal Health (DAH) or Ministry ofAgriculture and Rural Development (MARD)
AI training that I attended
Television
Key sources of AI information for AHWs are television (99%), followed by vet and AItraining (73%), loudspeaker (67%), radio (61%). AHWS think television is the mostreliable source of AI information followed by AI training.
5. Media Habits
60
12
20
5
2Everyday
One or two times/week
One to two times/month
Rarely
Never
30
1
32
23
14More than 4 hours/day
3 - 4 hours/day
2 - 3 hours/day
1 -2 hours/day
Less than 1 hour/day
2
37
45
17More than 3 times/day
One or two times/week
Rarely
Never17
41
26
16Everyday
One or two times/week
Rarely
Never
How frequently do you read Magazine?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
Source: Q77/Q78/Q79/Q81.
How frequently do you watch TV?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
How frequently do you read Newspaper?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
How frequently do you listen to Radio?All Animal Health Workers (n=511)
AHW watched TV 1-3 hours a day, whilst they listened to the radio rarely, readnewspaper one or two times a week and rarely read magazine.
5
3
3
5
22
61Radio station of VN FM
Radio station of VN AM
Radio station of HCM people
Kien Giang radio station
Ha Nam radio station
Can Tho radio station
4
3
2
18
26
45VTV 3
VTV 1
Kien Giang TV
Quang Tri TV
VTV 2
Can Tho TV (HCMC/CT)
16
14
10
19
30
53
28
27
24
51
54
60
Most Often Radio ChannelThose who listen to radio (n=422)
Most Often Tivi ChannelAll Animal Health Worker (n=511)
Occasional Radio ChannelThose who listen to radio (n=422)
Occasional Tivi ChannelAll Animal Health Worker (n=511)
Radio station of VN FM
Radio station of VN AM
Ha Noi radio station
Can Tho radio station
Ha Nam radio station
Radio station of HCM people
VTV 3
VTV 1
Kien Giang TV
Quang Tri TV
VTV 2
Can Tho TV (HCMC/CT)
Source: Q80/Q82.
VTV3 and VTV1 are the most often TV channels whilst FM is the most often radiochannel.
Thank You