bacterial disease, part 2 fs/lectures/05_bacteria… · • nervous system involvement (meningitis,...

Microbiology FS – Bacterial Disease, Part 2 Reading Outline

Bacterial Disease, Part 2 Reading Outline - Module 5

Textbook readings:

Bacterial Diseases – Part #2 Chapter 25, Pages 357-371

Lyme Disease 357-358 Syphilis 358-360 Cholera 360 Anthrax 361-362 Whooping Cough 362-363 Escherichia coli 363-3364 Klebsiella sp. and Proteus sp. 364 Diseases caused by Salmonella sp. 365 Bubonic Plague 366 Haemophilus influenzae 367 Campylobacter sp. 367-368 Helicobacter pylori 368-369 Legionella pneumophilia 369 Listeria monocytogenes 369-370

1. Borrelia burgdorferi (Pages 357 – 358)

A. Disease: Lyme Disease

B. Etiology: See handout on Lyme Disease

i. Vector: Deer Tick

ii. Reservoir: Many vertebrate animals (mice, rabbits, etc.)

iii. Symptoms

a. First: “Bulls Eye Rash” or erythema migrans (60%)

b. Second: Flu like symptoms

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirochaete

If anything on the outline is GREY, you are NOT responsible for it. You may ignor it.


c. Third

• Heart damage (may need pacemaker)

• Nervous system involvement (meningitis, encephalitis,

paralysis)

• Arthritis due to auto-immune response

2. Treponema pallidum (Pages 358 – 360)

A. Disease: Syphilis

B. Etiology

i. Reservoir: Man

ii. Historical overview

iii. Etiology

a. Spread by contact with lesions (not fomites)

b. Stages

• Primary

* Ulcer / Chancre - Note highly infectious exudate

* No systemic signs or symptoms, but …

* Systemic spread of organism

* Ulcer / Chancre vanishes

• Secondary

* Flu like symptoms, swollen lymph nodes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_plasma_reagin


* Rash on feet and palms of hands

* Lesions occurring are highly infectious

* 25% heal, 25% latent infection, 50% go on to the

tertiary stage

• Tertiary

* Large lesions called “Gummas” occur on organs of

the body, skin

* May lead to death

iv. Antibiotics

3. Vibrio cholerae (Page 360)

A. Disease: Cholera

B. Etiology

i. Reservoir: Man

ii. Enterotoxin results in electrolyte and water loss

a. Cardiovascular Collapse and Death

4. Bacillus anthracis (Page 361 - 362)

A. Disease: Anthrax

B. Virulence Factors

i. Endospores

ii. Encapsulated


iii. Reservoir: Livestock

C. Anthrax in Humans

i. Cutaneous Anthrax

a. Lesion Develops

b. Potential septic infection

ii. Pulmonary (or Inhalation) Anthrax

a. Flu like symptoms

b. Respiratory distress

c. Respiratory failure, along with other complications

iii. Gastrointestinal Anthrax – through ingestion of endospores

a. Lesions develops on intestinal mucosa

b. Serious gastroenteritis occurs (see list of symptoms)

5. Bordetella pertussis (Pages 362 – 363)

A. Disease: Whooping Cough or Pertussis

B. Etiology

i. Transmitted by respiratory droplets

ii. Communicable disease of children

iii. Asymptomatic carriers (adults)

iv. Exotoxins damage respiratory tract cilia

v. Mucous becomes respiratory blockage


vi. Coughing response occurs to remove blockage

C. DTaP Vaccine

6. Escherichia coli (Pages 363 – 364)

A. Organism is member of normal flora

B. Diseases of Virulent Strains

i. Traveler’s Diarrhea – Causes water and electrolyte loss

a. Transmission – Fecal / Oral Route

ii. Hemorrhagic diarrhea – invasive strains progress to bloody diarrhea as

mucosa is invaded by bacteria

iii. Transmission – undercooked meat, unpasteurized milk, etc.

7. Klebsiella pneumoniae (Page 364)

8. Proteus vulgaris (Page 364)

A. Obligate Saprophyte and aerobe

B. Diseases

i. Ear Infections

ii. Infections of wounds and burns

C. Inhibits effect of formaldehyde, protein cross-linking fails

9. Salmonella enteritidis (Page 365)

A. Fimbrial Adhesion

B. Disease: Salmonellosis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli


i. Watery Diarrhea

ii. Abdominal Cramps

iii. Rarely: Septicemia

C. Transmission – contaminated food, particularly poultry, eggs, meat

10. Salmonella typhi (Page 365)

A. Reservoir: Humans

B. Transmission: Fecal /Oral Route

C. Disease: Typhoid Fever

i. Lesions of digestive tract

ii. Hemorrhaging resulting in nose bleeds and red spotting on abdomen and

Chest.

D. Asymptomatic Carriers

i. Gall Bladder

11. Shigella sp. (Page 366)

A. Reservoir: Humans and primates

B. Transmission: Fecal /Oral Route vie flies, fomites, water, food etc.

C. Disease: Shigellosis or Bacillary dysentery

i. Shigella toxin

ii. Bloody mucoid stools


12. Yersinia pestis (Page 366)

A. Reservoir: Rodents and other small vertebrates

B. Vector: Rat Flees

C. Transmission Routs

i. Rat Flees à Blood à Lymph Node Enlargement (Buboes)

ii. Pneumonic Plague (person to person)

D. Disease: Bubonic Plague (or Black Death)

13. Haemophilus influenzae (Page 367)

A. Reservoir: Humans, often as normal flora

B. Disease: Influenzal meningitis (not to be confused with Influenza, which is

viral)

C. Virulence Factors

i. Capsule

D. Damages function of cilia

14. Campylobacter jejuni (Page 367)

A. Reservoir / Transmission: Cats, Dogs, Birds, contaminated

water and food

B. Disease: Gastroenteritis

i. Symptoms

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacter_jejuni


15. Helicobacter pylori (Pages 367 - 379)

A. Disease: Peptic and Duodenal Ulcers

16. Legionella pneumophilia (Page 369)

A. Disease: Legionellosis

B. Reservoir: Water reservoirs, air conditioning

units, shower heads etc.

C. Transmission: Airborne aerosols

D. Symptoms: Fever, Cough à pneumonia

17. Listeria monocytogenes (Pages 369 - 370)

A. Disease: Listeriosis, in immunocompromised

individuals

i. Listeriosis, in immunocompromised

individuals

ii. Asymptomatic in adults

iii. 60 % mortality rate among the unborn

B. Transmission: Food such as cold cuts, cheese, milk and others.

C. Reservoir: Many animals

D. Transmission: Fecal / Oral Route

Legionella pneumooophila

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_pneumophila

Listeria monocytogenes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionella_pneumophila

bacterial disease, part 2 fs/lectures/05_bacteria… · • nervous system involvement (meningitis,...

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