b ulb o uz

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://ar.aichi-u.ac.jp/ptt/lily.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ar.aichi-u.ac.jp/ptt/ptt.html&usg=__l4ev8L9Oh3XSv2jAS5HcCnAOpdg=&h=582&w=658&sz=61&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=8BkFgZnjL2pCEM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=138&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlily%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.easytogrowbulbs.com/ProductImages/begonias/BegoniaPicoteeWhitewithRed.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.easytogrowbulbs.com/browseproducts/Begonia-Picotee-First-Love.HTML&usg=__INJwjv987glCJOoG7x5KNQQgGIY=&h=322&w=302&sz=29&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=1g3432HbZVwrVM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbegonia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.plantoftheweek.org/image/dahlia.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.plantoftheweek.org/week414.shtml&usg=__QZc8-axY_UKPmJE5D10j_JsSM2A=&h=483&w=644&sz=67&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=eb09QejGxJlpoM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddahlia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://images-0.redbubble.net/img/art/size:large/view:main/386283-9-canna-lily.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.redbubble.com/people/eyalna/art/386283-9-canna-lily&usg=__seb9rbLFXFcqMCqtuDz0Hs6uG1g=&h=550&w=384&sz=54&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=-eGi8bNUPRTUUM:&tbnh=133&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcanna%2Blily%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://thrumylens.net/images/20051002004108_tiger_lily.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thrumylens.net/%3Fshowimage%3D12&usg=__sV1BOyCTu2558rCyzAUiPdW650Y=&h=787&w=1024&sz=79&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=x5XcMIxE36xJTM:&tbnh=115&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtiger%2Blily%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://theinnerdoor.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/crocus.jpg&imgrefurl=http://theinnerdoor.wordpress.com/2009/03/20/f-f-friday-25/&usg=__7UrrkBi38u9hQvz02F5-UnQWbws=&h=507&w=591&sz=110&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=PISTypOMTsNzAM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcrocus%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADFA_enIN338IN339%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://biopsy.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/daffodils.jpg&imgrefurl=http://biopsy.wordpress.com/2009/03/10/plant-a-daff/&usg=__JmdqBBKps2NMZhT0piy84t1KC4M=&h=1600&w=1200&sz=296&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=-JNFd5Ao3JDwXM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=113&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddaffodils%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADFA_enIN338IN339%26um%3D1

Bulbous flowers:

1.Begonia.2.Tuberose 3.Canna lilly.4.Dahlias.5.Daffodils.6.Hyacinth.7.Gladiolus.8.Lillies.9.Tiger lilly.10.Tulips.

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theflowerexpert.com/resources/default/daffodils.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.theflowerexpert.com/flower-blog/default/2008/03/15/Spring-flowering-plants-in-Sunny-spots%3Fpage%3Dcomments&usg=___7_CMYJTjS3rInq1_XGJczrL4fs=&h=585&w=497&sz=41&hl=en&start=13&um=1&tbnid=56-l0deaDeeZAM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=115&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddaffodils%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADFA_enIN338IN339%26um%3D1

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ggart.biz/images/lgBegonias.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.concordgroupct.com/Nursery.html&usg=__sWnhKTZR78rp-sDr-vnc2rbDeVk=&h=437&w=640&sz=27&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=4f1CyIZ3O0ofCM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbegonias%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADFA_enIN338IN339%26um%3D1

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.easytogrowbulbs.com/ProductImages/cannalily/CannaLilyRedFuturity.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.easytogrowbulbs.com/browseproducts/Canna-Lily-Red-Futurity.HTML&usg=__WHjApo1YSiPN5ZKDi5_CbKJcmmA=&h=319&w=235&sz=24&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=HBbgOGVZ9hlubM:&tbnh=118&tbnw=87&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcanna%2Blily%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mooseyscountrygarden.com/middle-garden/orange-dahlia-flower.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mooseyscountrygarden.com/middle-garden/orange-dahlia-flower.html&usg=__XOcqchZYzOtIeP-GGBLVb9JGTSg=&h=440&w=600&sz=17&hl=en&start=16&tbnid=FPo7hA9WOw0aJM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddahlia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.flower-arrangement-advisor.com/images/hyacinth.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.flower-arrangement-advisor.com/wedding-flowers.html&usg=__dMUzImrMu0UtOiNI4lKLaXSCNw8=&h=801&w=600&sz=94&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=-jXA66umjXcdDM:&tbnh=143&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dhyacinth%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.americanmeadows.com/Images/Product/med/Prod_GladiolusCandyCaneMix.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.americanmeadows.com/SpringFlowerBulbs/Gladiolus/CandyCaneGladiolusMix.aspx&usg=__jmltdtgg1pIOn-E4Su3iX0pD3Vk=&h=315&w=275&sz=31&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=z0l1tuinelQpDM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=102&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgladiolus%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ohiolilysociety.org/2008-Files/Lily-WhiteHenryi-2005-07-09-0008.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.ohiolilysociety.org/&usg=__CGYUqP2JEaPcgainUFx10O6YHRs=&h=533&w=800&sz=84&hl=en&start=3&tbnid=Wqw1zDf6kpLLCM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlily%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.novanewsnow.com/imgs/dynamique/articles/gros/tulip3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.novanewsnow.com/article-98182-Truro-Tulip-Festival-celebrating-tenth-anniversary-May-18-21.html&usg=__mV81qMzwlNHNq-8LJ9RrA6knFt0=&h=464&w=580&sz=73&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=y6oIGMupXb9UpM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtulip%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lisamaliga.com/tuberose.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lisamaliga.com/ChamomileTimes.htm&usg=__zZDKuU9qzwKZK-qrGhdR6wvjzOY=&h=247&w=153&sz=9&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=pL33Xcnq0mhJYM:&tbnh=110&tbnw=68&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtube%2Brose%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

.Dahlia coccinea.

F: Asteraceae.

Perinneal herbaceous plant.

Racemose inflorescence.

Two types of florets:Disc floret.Ray floret.

Origin: Central America.

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.easytogrowbulbs.com/ProductImages/dahlias/DahliaDinnerplateMixed.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.easytogrowbulbs.com/browseproducts/Dahlia-Dinner-Plate-Easy-to-Grow-Mix.html&usg=__Vjj3t70P_CzE4xNjupHhT4FjN-E=&h=301&w=302&sz=27&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=EIqkXa9rADMajM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddahlia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://en.wikivisual.com/images/9/91/DahliaDahlstarSunsetPink.jpg&imgrefurl=http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Dahlia&usg=__U_y69vHgrS4_IhN-9AMk2Ue-jDg=&h=488&w=530&sz=42&hl=en&start=11&tbnid=6cdyWxIkFA6ctM:&tbnh=122&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddahlia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

1. Single flowering: Bedding purpose.Eg: Bambino, Yellow hammer.

2. Anemone flowering: Floral arrangements.Eg: Comet, Guinea.

3. Collerette: Floral arrangement.Eg: Choh, Sincerity.

4. Water lily: Cut flower.Eg: Porcelian, Christopher Taylor.

5. Decorative: Very popular in India.Eg: Hamari girl, Silver city, Alloway cottage(bi color), Disney

land. Abridge taffy

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.downtowntomatoes.com/archives/Dahlia-unk-070805-008.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.downtowntomatoes.com/archives/2005/07/&usg=__G0cD7bUftywEH0QOTZujVtPGJrQ=&h=355&w=400&sz=21&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=HjOiWExScyKCGM:&tbnh=110&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddecorative%2Bdahlia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://shop1.actinicexpress.co.uk/shops/rosecottageplants/images/catalog/Dahlia-Honka-White-big.jpg&imgrefurl=http://shop1.actinicexpress.co.uk/shops/rosecottageplants/index.php%3Fcat%3DDahlias&usg=__otaQKPh72gX3fqjPX-1qDBuziAs=&h=403&w=450&sz=49&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=GfxlHWvnhIuSjM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Danemone%2Bflowering%2Bdahlia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dahliaworld.co.uk/images/mariposa.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dahliaworld.co.uk/colleret.htm&usg=__NsgCubJXNIkzizxE-BR-H5pGTJk=&h=268&w=280&sz=27&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=iCRhvv2As9mmwM:&tbnh=109&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcollerette%2Bdahlia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://pics.davesgarden.com/pics/jamie68_1239787552_138.jpg&imgrefurl=http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/239912/&usg=__Dhyt3FCoPKzL501X7UW24QSb2cA=&h=601&w=800&sz=118&hl=en&start=13&tbnid=La30FBS20S0dIM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsingle%2Bflowered%2Bdahlia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

6. Ball: Eg: Wotton cupid, Crichton honey.

7. Pompon: Longest vase life.Eg : Hall mark

8. Cactus: Florets are pointed.Eg: Polar sight, Golden crown,Border Princess.

9. Peony flowering:Eg: Bishop, Fascination.

10. Mignon & Top mix – Pot culture.

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dailyencouragement.net/images/dahlia.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.flowersforums.com/identify-this-yellow-flower-66699.html&usg=__qis94P4W4-9m5EetG6eyijinGK4=&h=1089&w=1157&sz=49&hl=en&start=8&tbnid=9CFYjnwzuxVqiM:&tbnh=141&tbnw=150&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddahlia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://bp1.blogger.com/_sLxPiNqUFzQ/R7DLnkVxB5I/AAAAAAAAA_Q/XcqKhhw3yWE/s400/TINYTREASURE.JPG&imgrefurl=http://theconstantgatherer.blogspot.com/2008/02/peonies-and-dahlias.html&usg=___8c_8T9IGSOroKV2KxMJUBT1Hck=&h=399&w=400&sz=27&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=TcoL3wVezzONeM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpompon%2Bdahlia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.overthegardengate.net/garden/archives/images/sb.asp%3Fi%3Djomanda_web.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.overthegardengate.net/garden/archives/template.asp%3FLinkID%3D654&usg=__kFWaIMykY1PBV74uDbXUOoHmkzA=&h=523&w=410&sz=46&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=gUZgWexsRppK6M:&tbnh=131&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dball%2Bdahlia%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

Optimum temperature- 250 c – Day. 160 c – Night

Long day plant- 12-14 hr day length.

Prefers cool climate, free from frost.

Soil- Well drained, sandy loam soil. pH- 6 to7.

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.winchestergrowers.co.uk/Images/Dahlia%2520field%2520at%2520Varfell%2520Farm.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.winchestergrowers.co.uk/innovation_development_and_environment.html&usg=__twPh6hMaf8U9nzIpj4Zuh72ePAo=&h=263&w=350&sz=37&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=jhgwq-w-12mE5M:&tbnh=90&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddahlia%2Bfield%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

Propagation- Seeds Division of tubers Stem cuttings.

Commercial method- Terminal stem cuttings.

Cuttings taken- September- October.

Rooting- 10-15 days

Nutrition: 80:100:80 kg/ha-NPKChicken manure – increases yield.

1. Mulching and hoeing.

2. Training

3. Staking

4. Pruning.

5. Disbudding.

Harvesting: Fully opened/ bud showing colour .

Vase life: 3-5 days.

Holding solution- 10% glucose+0.2mg AgNO3 + 200 g/lit 8-HQS.

Yield: Cut flower- 8 to 10 flowers/plant.Loose flower- 15 to 30 flowers/plant.

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Vhvc3Cw11EU/SrDc22_WwgI/AAAAAAAABr8/fLrMX69NETg/s400/yellowDahliaBud_jp.jpg&imgrefurl=http://sowthis.blogspot.com/&usg=__QVv93aWOV3Bm16YkML4En9mirE4=&h=300&w=400&sz=14&hl=en&start=45&tbnid=hnYUG5Lg-U34wM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dharvesting%2B%2Bin%2Bdahlia%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D40

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://soundbiteblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/dahlia-vase-sm.jpg&imgrefurl=http://soundbiteblog.com/tag/kitsap-real-estate/&usg=__0HKCdOCtSY9DjBj47aMUU0Q9pms=&h=332&w=225&sz=16&hl=en&start=19&tbnid=PDcdAUTNMexVFM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=81&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddahlia%2Bin%2Bvase%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.countryliving.com/cm/countryliving/images/Vases-Dahilas-GARDEN0905-de.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.countryliving.com/outdoor/gardening/dahlias-gardening-0905&usg=__whe9LG2C91WBMdQfvxOgsy8Q-tA=&h=460&w=360&sz=50&hl=en&start=20&tbnid=vt_i4VTq-CTx8M:&tbnh=128&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddahlia%2Bin%2Bvase%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

Gladiolus gandavensis.

F: Iridaceae.

Inflorescence: spike- gives a sword like appearance.

6 pairs of florets – 3 outer sepals and 3 inner petal.

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://images.absoluteastronomy.com/images/encyclopediaimages/g/gl/gladiolus_imbricatus1002.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Gladiolus&usg=__KvrD4W4vOG99O7W-fW-k8txpOBo=&h=250&w=250&sz=20&hl=en&start=29&um=1&tbnid=95eDX3M6gFiGqM:&tbnh=111&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgladiolus%2Bgandavensis%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1R2ADFA_enIN338%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20%26um%3D1

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://herbarium.bjfu.edu.cn/UpImages/blhh2006121711024.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.foodbk.com/wiki/%25E5%2589%2591%25E5%2585%25B0&usg=__KQhmmMyx1yO5_5uzzEj64qYPKHY=&h=751&w=500&sz=113&hl=en&start=25&um=1&tbnid=D8NVEEnSZr10vM:&tbnh=141&tbnw=94&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgladiolus%2Bgandavensis%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1R2ADFA_enIN338%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20%26um%3D1

1.Based on horticultural purpose: • Large flowered- spike height-120-150cm, strong, erect

stem, triangular and symmetrical flower.

• Primulinus- Hooded flower,small in size, spike height-100cm.

• Miniatures-spike height-60-100cm,wavy and fluffy petals with rich shade.

• Peacock hybrid- dwarf type, multi coloured with reflex petal.

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.velvetbrown.co.uk/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/gladiolibridal.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.velvetbrown.co.uk/blog/&usg=__h3qvik2PBv5ZVwHV_Dhir6Tlf-Q=&h=442&w=424&sz=26&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=wGJvEGqOCdTNKM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=122&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dminiature%2Bgladiolus%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1R2ADFA_enIN338%26um%3D1

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.tulipworld.com/mmTW/Images/450X450/3034.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.tulipworld.com/gladiolus-bulbs/tout-a-toi-large-flowering-gladiolus.html&usg=__UD7P2f16Gf5sCk3nUKq633kXFQY=&h=450&w=450&sz=57&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=Vz7EP5Ht6vjpFM:&tbnh=127&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlarge%2Bflowered%2Bgladiolus%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1R2ADFA_enIN338%26um%3D1

2. Based on commercial importance:

Grade Spike length(in cm) Minimum floret number

Fancy >107 16

Special 96-107 15

Standard 81-96 12

Utility 81 10

3. Based on floret size:

Type Floret size(in cm)

Miniature <6.4

Small 8.9-6.4

Decorative 8.9-11.4

Standard 11.4-14

Giant >14

Commercial cultivars:

American beauty, Applause, Christian jane , Her majesty , Rose time, wine and rose , Yellow stone,Friendship, Hunting song

Indian cultivars:

Agni rekha, Basant bahar, Chaubattia , Gazal, Hans, Indrani, sakthi , Triloki, Sri Ganesh, Sagar

.

Based on colours:

White : white friendship , white prosperity, morning bride, moon frost.

Pink : Day dream , Miss America, True Love, Tea party.

Green: Armstrong, green bird, forest grade, emerald isle.

Red: Red majesty, Florida flame.

Yellow: Jester, Golden Harvest, Gold field.

Brown: Mystic glow, little tiger, chocolate chip.

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.flowerbulbs.nl/gladioli/whitefriendship.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.flowerbulbs.nl/gladioli.html&usg=__rEs7N14TnR0wzFSEZZBR2mxZsYg=&h=129&w=117&sz=3&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=mC-YbFk5NV9tJM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=83&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwhite%2Bfriendship%2Bgladiolus%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.wholeblossoms.com/img/productos/Green-StPatrick.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wholeblossoms.com/40-wholesale-gladiolus.html&usg=__sAyJN2nrIzNSUnCLmOGjnsi_-ho=&h=340&w=350&sz=58&hl=en&start=16&tbnid=eMeeknAWh9sQmM:&tbnh=117&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgreen%2Bgladiolus%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.flowersgrowers.com/gladiolusred.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.flowersgrowers.com/redgladiolus.htm&usg=__Pm21FlNFKckogAqGK4ugfISl6Ac=&h=300&w=206&sz=18&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=og0BaPLO-L6oFM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=80&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dred%2Bgladiolus%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.golazinflowers.com/images/Copy%2520of%2520Yellow%2520Gladiolus1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.golazinflowers.com/flowers2.htm&usg=__exsRTnZ7zYedJYcbzOBK7l36too=&h=235&w=235&sz=22&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=ssYiuYGUiJCYeM:&tbnh=109&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dyellow%2Bgladiolus%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

Soil :1.Optimum pH- 6-7.2.Sensitive to salt.3.Well drained sandy loam soil.

Planting time:Plains- September-October.Hills- March-April.Spacing -30X20cm.Propagation: The gladiolus bulb is not a true bulb,it is called Corms.

Nutrition : 375:150:250 kg/ha.Micro nutrients: FeSO4 -0.5%: Borax: 2kg/ha.

Staking -special horticulture operation.

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Harvest: Tight bud stage with atleast five florets showing colour.

Spikes are cut with sharp knife.

Yield: 1,50,000 spike/ ha.

Storage:Spikes – wrapping with moisture proof material.(3-40 c)Holding solution: 4% sucrose+250 ppm 8-HQC.Vase life: 10 days.

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Lilium candidum.

F: Liliaceae.

Herbaceous perennial plant.

Inflorescence: raceme/ solitary flower.

Origin: South Canada.

http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ohiolilysociety.org/2008-Files/Lily-WhiteHenryi-2005-07-09-0008.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.ohiolilysociety.org/&usg=__CGYUqP2JEaPcgainUFx10O6YHRs=&h=533&w=800&sz=84&hl=en&start=2&tbnid=Wqw1zDf6kpLLCM:&tbnh=95&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlily%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den

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1. Asiatic.

2. Candidum

3. American.

4. Longiflorum.

5. Trumpet

6. Oriental.

7. Wild

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lilium_washingtonianum_3.jpg

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Variety Colour Type

Star gazer Red white Oriental

Snow queen White Longiflorum

Vivaldi Pink Asiatic

Elite Orange Asiatic

Adelina Yellow Asiatic

Jass Red Oriental

Dream land Yellow Oriental

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Temperature – 15-200 c- day. 8-100 c – night.Shade net-75% shade.

Soil: Sandy loam soil.pH- 6 to 6.5

Propagation:1.Seeds : easy and cheap. but reaches flowering only after 5 yrs.

2. Division of bulblets- commercial method.

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Planting: Plains- Oct- Nov.Hills- Apr- May.

Special horticultural practices:1.Staking.2.Vernalization.

Harvest: when lower most flower show colour.Field heat- removed.

Post harvest: Pulsing: 0.5-1.0% silver thiosulphate.Holding solution: 200 ppm-8-HQC+3% sucroseYield : 1,00,000 spikes/ha.

Tulipa sp.

F: Lilliaceae.

National flower of Turkey.

Perennial herb.

The flowers are produced on scapes.

In India – Kashmir valley.

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Type Varieties

Single early tulip Crown imperial, pink beauty, white hawk

Double early type Electra, Peach blossom, Dante.

Mendel tulip Orange wonder, Weber, White sail.

Cottage tulip Golden harvest, Rosy wings.

Lily flowered type White duchess, Red painted lady.

Dutch breeder type Red Indian chief, Purple Velvet king.

Darwin tulip Golden age, Glacier.

Cooler climate without frost.

Temperature- day-20-250 c night-5-100 c.

Good light is essential.

Soil: Well- drained, sandy loam soil. pH- 6 to 7. low soluble salt.

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Propagation:Seed : only for crop improvement programme.

Vegetative propagation- 1.Bulblets 2.New bulbs.3.Ariel bulbs. 4.Stolon.

Micro propagation: Rapid multiplication technique.

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Forcing:

Bulbs allowed to root at 90 c.

Storage- -2 to -30 c for 7-8 months.

Special pre cooling:

Done mostly in Netherlands.

Bulbs pre cooled at 50 c for 12-13 weeks.

This induces flowering in 45-60 DAP.

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Harvest:

All flowers show full colour but still closed.

Post- harvest handling:

Placed in distilled/deionised water.

Temperature- 0.6-1.70 c.

Relative humidity- more than 90%

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http://cdn-write.demandstudios.com/upload//9000/700/70/3/9773.jpg

Narcissus sp.

F: Amaryllidaceae.

Origin: Meditterranean region.

Not cultivated in India.

Soil: well drained acidic soil.

Climte : sunny.

Nitrogen in excess causes injury.

Requires more irrigation.

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