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Page 1: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute

Page 2: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

Study group 3: Study group 3: „ Military „ Military

Terminology Terminology and and

Translation“Translation“ synthesize the many intricate synthesize the many intricate

aspects of Term work aspects of Term work focused mandate for a future focused mandate for a future

working groupworking group

Page 3: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

International Military Terminology International Military Terminology A threefold choiceA threefold choice

• 1) NATO-terminology?

• 2) National terminologies translated into English?

• 3) National terminologies compared between each other?

Page 4: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

1) NATO-terminology1) NATO-terminology• Standardized NATO-terminology (English-

French) - i.e. the concepts – have to be adopted, not (only) translated

Source: NATO STANAGs

Page 5: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

2) National terminologies in 2) National terminologies in English or FrenchEnglish or French

• National terminology translated into English or French is NOT NATO-terminology, but can support mutual understanding

Page 6: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

3) National terminologies 3) National terminologies comparedcompared

• National terminologies compared and translated into different languages is NOT NATO-terminology but can support mutual understanding.

Page 7: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

What is the goal?What is the goal?

• Interoperability and international cooperation demand standardized concepts and procedures

a mere translation of terminology will not meet that goal

Page 8: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

Terminological database - Terminological database - TermbaseTermbase

• The termbase: an efficient way of maintaining and providing terminology

Page 9: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

Core process – Terminology work

KOTZIAN 2010

Sample entry containing the most important and

most frequent data categories:subject field (on concept level),

status, source, definition, explanation, context, additional remarks as „Joker field“

Page 10: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

How many languages?How many languages?• Mono-lingual, bi-lingual or multilingual?

• Prerequisite for a multilingual termbase is the harmonization of concepts and procedures.

Page 11: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

NATO-EN/FR

Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 Language 4

Multilingual NATO-Termbase

NATO-terminology expressed in national languages

Page 12: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

Multilinguality?Multilinguality?• Without harmonization of concepts and procedures, a multilingual termbase will not work. (Often no pure equivalencies between different national concepts and procedures).

• Danger of mere translation without true comparative terminology work

Page 13: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

Termbase 1

E N G L I S H

Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 Language 4

Termbase 2 Termbase 3 Termbase 4

National Military Terminology translated into English

Bi-lingual termbases

Page 14: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

Military Terminology Work

What‘s so special in the military?

Traditional secrecy plenty of national pecularities

Different procedures and structures

Oftentimes, no genuine equivalents in the target language

Opposite development:Increasing integration and conceptual harmonisation of

NATO, PfP, UN-missions

Page 15: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

Multilingual Terminology Work

Task:

Find equivalent terms in other languages!

Completely different from mere translation work (no circumscriptions but definitions!)

Page 16: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

In the absence of a genuine equivalent:

1) Maintenance of the source language term

2) „If in doubt, leave it out“

3) Literal translation of the source language term

4) Coining of a target language term

5) Use of a partial equivalent in the target language, paying attention to the implied restrictions

Page 17: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

1) Maintenance of the source language term

e. g. „Civil-Military Cooperation“, „Network Centric Warfare“, „Mag. phil.“

Network Centric Warfare

Page 18: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

2) „If in doubt, leave it out.“

e. g. Amtsdirektor Müller *Agency Director Müller

Mr Müller

Page 19: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

3) Literal translation of the source language term

e. g. „Miliz“ „Militia“

Page 20: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

4) Coining of a target language term :

e.g. „Kaderpräsenzeinheiten - KPE“ „Stand-by-Forces for First Missions“

Page 21: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

5) Use of a partial equivalent in the target language,

paying attention to the implied restrictions

„Jägergruppe“ „Rifle Squad“

Page 22: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

Vorbereiten der Befehlsausgabe

Durchführung der Befehlsausgabe

Übermittlung des Befehls

Schritt 1

Schritt 2

EBSprEBSpr

KoBSprKoBSpr

ZwBsprZwBspr

OBSprOBSpr

1.BdL!st part Evaluation of

Factors

Entschluss-vorbereitung2nd part Cons. Of COA

Erfassen des AuftragesMission Analysis

Planungsrichtlinie / KdtCommander´s Planninng

Guidance

EntschlussfassungCommander´s Decision

2.BdL2nd part Evaluation of

Factors1st part Cons. Of COA

Organisation der weiteren Planung

Auslösend der Sofortmaßnahmen

Auslösen Informationsgewinnung

Erfassen der Planungsvorgaben

Vorgaben zum Nacharbeiten

2. LK2. LB1. LK

1. LB Auslösen der Orientierung

wesentliche Führungsinformation aus übergeordneter

Ebene

wesentliche Führungsinformation

aus Kontrolle

Verarbeitung mit dem Kommandanten

Verarbeitung als Gesamtstab

Verarbeitung in den Zentralen /FGG

StbBsprStbBspr

1. Überprüfung des PdDReview Plan

Soll / Ist VergleichBDA

2. Überprüfung des PdD

Festhalten von Erfahrungen/Lehren

Überwachung der Vorbereitungsmaßn.

Optimierung der Vorbereitungsmaßn.

Überwachung der Umsetzungsmaßn.

Optimierung der Umsetzungsmaßn.

(mögl. Folgebeurteilungen)

Auslösen der takt. Entscheidung

Schritt 4Schritt 5 Schritt 3Schritt 6

1. Graphische Darstellung des Entschlusses

Optimierung der Optimierung der Kräfte und MittelKräfte und Mittel

2. Graphi. Darst. des Entschluss

Fertigst. der Fertigst. der Detailplanung und Detailplanung und

BedarfsdeckungBedarfsdeckung

Fixieren der optimierten Fixieren der optimierten Aufträge und TEAufträge und TE

Abgleichen der Abgleichen der DetailplanungenDetailplanungen

Festlegen einer vorläufigen TE

Formulieren vorl. Aufträgen/ Führungsabsichten

Taktischer Taktischer FührungsprozessFührungsprozess

Erhalt eines Auftrages

Recieve Mission

Einleitung Planungs-prozesses

Initiate a new DMP

Erstellung eines Lagebildes

IPB

VorbereitungPreparation

UmsetzungExecution

Soll / Ist VergleichBDA

Überprüfung des PdD

Review Plan

Synchro-nisation

DetailplanungEinsatzbefehl

Orders

Beurteilung der Lage Evaluation of Factors

ErwägungenConsidaration of COA

EntschlussCommander´s Decision

Erfassen des AuftragesMission Analysis

Planungsrichtline des KdtCommander´s Planninng Guidance

Erstellung des Planes der

Durchführung

Taktisches Taktisches FührungsverfahrenFührungsverfahren

Kontrolle

Einleitende Einleitende LagefeststellungLagefeststellung

Befehlsgebung

Ständige Ständige LagefeststellungLagefeststellung

IPB

Entscheidungs-findung

Orientierung

Planung der Durchführung

Durchführung

Allgemeines Allgemeines FührungsverfahrenFührungsverfahren

Ausführen InfoGewPl

Verfolgung der Ziele

Wirkungs-aufklärung

Umsetzen Unterstützung

spläne

Koordinierung Aufklärung

und Wirkung

Fertigstellung Unterstützung

spläne

Wirkungs-aufklärung

Ergänzung zu InfoGewPl

1. Kräfte- Mitteleinsatz

Ziel-definierung

Entscheidung Wiederbeginn

DeliverDeliver

DetectDetect DecideDecide

DecideDecideAssessAssessUnterstützungsverfahren/TargetingUnterstützungsverfahren/Targeting

Vorbefehl 1Vorbefehl 1

Vorbefehl 2Vorbefehl 2

Vorbefehl 3Vorbefehl 3

FestlegungFestlegungHPTLHPTL

TNLTNL

Entwurf TNLEntwurf TNL

Etwurf Etwurf (E)AGM(E)AGM

Synchro-Synchro-nisationsmatrixnisationsmatrix

FertigstellungFertigstellungTargetingplanTargetingplan

FertigstellungFertigstellungInfoGewPlInfoGewPl

Fertigstellung Fertigstellung UnterstützungspläneUnterstützungspläneBefehlBefehl

Ergebnis-BsprErgebnis-Bspr

Einzel-Einzel-befehle zur befehle zur OptimierungOptimierung

Einzel-/Gesamt-Einzel-/Gesamt-befehle zur befehle zur OptimierungOptimierung

StbBsprStbBspr

Einzelbefehl Einzelbefehl zur takt. zur takt.

EntscheidungEntscheidung

Page 23: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

Study group 3: Study group 3: „ Military „ Military

Terminology Terminology and and

Translation“Translation“ synthesize the many intricate synthesize the many intricate

aspects of Term work aspects of Term work focused mandate for a future focused mandate for a future

working groupworking group

Presentation of a Proposal 12.MAY 2011

Page 24: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

1.Goal1.Goal• 1.1 Contribution to common Understanding

and thus increase accuracy of Communications

• 1.2 Support of LT,Transl,Interpret • 1.3 Contribute to enhanced interoperability• 1.4 Contribute to increased

effectiveness/efficiency of Multi-national HQ• Desired Endstate: Harmonization of mil

cultures •

Page 25: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

2.Situation2.Situation• 2.1 AAP-6 is not satisfying

• 2.2 Many Dictionaries,Wordlists,Glossaries• ………….,with inconsistencies existing

• 2.3 Updating process takes much time!– Can not rely on NSA only

Page 26: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

3.Principles3.Principles• 3.1 NATO-Engl/Fr is the source language

• 3.2 Establishing equivalent terms from source to national language only for national training purposes aiming at Interop

• 3.3 If no national equivalencies :Explain/Define

• 3.4 Not mere translation of definition but also recognize the respective concept

Page 27: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

4.Roadmap4.Roadmap• 4.1 Increase the number of necessary

terms by distilling them from the basic NATO documents at the level of operational art and tactics (AJP-1,ATP 3.2 ….)

• 4.2 Define them in E/F and publish them on the BILC Website

• 4.3 Member nations: Equ,Expl,Def in their language –

• 4.4 Contribute result to a „ BILC-Wiki“

Page 28: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

NATO-EN/FR

Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 Language 4

Multilingual NATO-Termbase

NATO-terminology expressed in national languages

Page 29: Austrian Armed Forces Language Institute. Study group 3: „ Military Terminology and Translation“ synthesize the many intricate aspects of Term work synthesize

5.EXECUTION5.EXECUTION• 5.1 Establish multinational WG of linguists and

mil experts tasked to 4.1,4.2• 5.2 Encourage member nations to contribute IAW

4.3• 5.3 Create a multilingual Term Base

• Coordination and Support by BILC• Vision:“ Combined“ terminology work