Chapter 14Chapter 14

Augmented Feedback

Two Types of Performance-Related Information (Feedback)Two Types of Performance-Related Information (Feedback)

Task-intrinsic feedback: sensory-perceptual feedback

Augmented feedback: adding to or enhancing task-intrinsic feedback

Two Types ofAugmented FeedbackTwo Types ofAugmented Feedback

Knowledge of Results (KR): externally presented information about the outcome of performing a skill or about achieving the goal of the performance

Knowledge of Performance (KP): movement characteristics that led to the performance outcome

Examples of augmented feedback are listed in Table 14.1

The Roles of Augmented Feedback in Skill AcquisitionThe Roles of Augmented Feedback in Skill Acquisition

Plays two roles in skill learning process:

•Facilitates achievement of the action goal of the skill

•Motivates the learner to continue striving toward a goal

Reasons Why Augmented Feedback is Essential for LearningReasons Why Augmented Feedback is Essential for Learning

Some skill situations do not make critical sensory feedback available to the person

There exists the possibility that a person may not have available sensory pathways needed to detect feedback

Feedback is provided from the sensory system, however, the person cannot use the feedback

Reasons Why Augmented Feedback May Not be Needed for Skill Acquisition

Reasons Why Augmented Feedback May Not be Needed for Skill Acquisition

Some skills provide task intrinsic feedback

A detectable external referent can be observed in motor skills

Research has shown that augmented feedback can enhance as well as hinder skill development and learning

Five Issues Related to the Content of Augmented FeedbackFive Issues Related to the Content of Augmented Feedback

1. Information about errors vs. correct aspects of performance

2. KR vs. KP3. Qualitative vs. quantitative

information4. Augmented feedback based on

error size5. Erroneous augmented feedback

Types ofKnowledge of PerformanceTypes ofKnowledge of Performance

Verbal KP•Two types

Descriptive KPPrescriptive KP

Videotape as augmented feedback Movement kinematics as augmented

feedback Biofeedback as augmented feedback

Concurrent Augmented FeedbackConcurrent Augmented Feedback

Augmented feedback provided while a person is performing a skill

Effects of concurrent augmented feedback on learning

•Two general types of effectsNegative learning effectEnhances skill learning (positive effect)

Terminal Augmented FeedbackTerminal Augmented Feedback

Feedback that is provided after a person has completed the performance of a skill

Two intervals of time associated with terminal augmented feedback

•KR delay interval•Post KR interval

Both require a minimum length of time Engaging in activity during these

intervals can hinder, benefit, or have no effect upon skill learning

Techniques that Reduce Augmented Feedback FrequencyTechniques that Reduce Augmented Feedback Frequency

Performance based bandwidths Performer selected frequency Summary and averaged augmented

feedback

Chapter 14Chapter 14

Augmented Feedback