aubrey y. go, rn,md. nursing diagnosis definition: nanda, 1990 nursing diagnosis is a clinical...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD
![Page 2: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Nursing DiagnosisNursing Diagnosis
• Definition: NANDA, 1990Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes. Nursing diagnosis provides the basis for selection of nursing interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse is accountable
![Page 3: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• the second step in the nursing process• begins after the nurse has collected and
recorded the patient data
![Page 4: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Identify how an individual, group, or community responds to actual or potential health and life processes
• Identify factors that contribute to, or cause, health problems (etiologies)
• Identify resources or strengths upon which the individual, group, or community can draw to prevent or resolve problems
![Page 6: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• purpose - to clarify the exact nature of the problems and risk factors you need to achieve the overall expected outcomes of care.- If you do not completely understand the problems
contributing to them, how are going to know what to do about them?
![Page 8: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• conclusions made during this phase affect the entire plan of care- if correct, your plan is likely to be on target - if not — operating on assumptions, rather than sound reasoning that is based on evidence— plan is likely to be flawed, maybe even dangerous.
![Page 9: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Monitoring for changes in health status• Promoting safety and preventing harm• Identifying and meeting learning needs• Promoting comfort and managing pain• Promoting health and well-being• Addressing problems that limit independence• Determining human responses
![Page 10: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Nursing diagnosis– Describes patient problems nurses can treat independently
• Medical diagnosis– Describes problems for which the physician directs the
primary treatment
• Collaborative problems– Managed by using physician-prescribed and nursing-
prescribed interventions
![Page 11: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Critical Thinking and Critical Thinking and Nursing DiagnosisNursing Diagnosis
• Be familiar with nursing diagnoses and other health problems; read professional literature and keep reference guides handy.
• Trust clinical experience and judgment, but be willing to ask for help when the situation demands more than your qualifications and experience can provide.
![Page 13: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Respect your clinical intuitions, but before writing a diagnosis without evidence, increase the frequency of your observations and continue to search for cues to verify your intuition.
• Recognize personal biases and keep an open mind.
![Page 14: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Questions to facilitate critical thinking during diagnostic reasoning
• Are my data accurate and complete?• Has the patient or the patient's surrogates validated
(if able to do so) that these are important problems?• Have I given the patient or the patient's surrogate an
opportunity to identify problems that I may have missed?
• Is each diagnosis supported by evidence? Might these cues signify a different problem or diagnosis?
![Page 15: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Have I tried to identify what is causing the actual or potential problem, and what strengths or resources the patient might use to avoid or resolve the problem?
• Have I used agency guidelines to correctly document diagnostic statements in a way that clearly communicates patient problems to other healthcare professionals?
• Is this a problem that falls within nursing's independent domain or does it signify a medical diagnosis or collaborative problem?
![Page 16: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Recognizing significant data – Comparing data to standards
• Recognizing patterns or clusters• Identifying strengths and problems• Reaching conclusions
![Page 17: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
A nurse decides that a patient has a possible problem with high blood pressure. During which step of data interpretation would this most like be determined?A. Recognizing significant dataB. Recognizing patterns or clustersC. Identifying strengths and problemsD. Reaching conclusions
![Page 18: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Answer: D. Reaching conclusionsRationale:A possible problem, such as high blood pressure, is diagnosed as a conclusion of data interpretation.Recognizing significant data refers to the comparison of data to a standard or norm (e.g., normal blood pressure values).A data cluster is a grouping of patient data or cues that points to the existence of a problem (e.g., a series of readings).The nurse must then identify strengths and problems and determine if the patient is motivated to address them.
![Page 19: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• No problem• Possible problem• Actual or potential nursing diagnosis• Clinical problem other than nursing diagnosis
![Page 20: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A patient who admits to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day is diagnosed with lung cancer based on his symptoms and a series of test results. Which of the following is the etiology in this scenario?A. Lung cancerB. Test resultsC. Smoking cigarettesD. The subjective and objective data
![Page 21: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Answer: C. Smoking cigarettesRationale:The etiology is the factor that maintains the unhealthy condition (smoking cigarettes). Lung cancer is the problem, and the remaining factors are the distinguishing characteristics.
![Page 22: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Problem—identifies what is unhealthy about patient
• Etiology—identifies factors maintaining the unhealthy state
• Defining characteristics—identifies the subjective and objective data that signal the existence of a problem
![Page 24: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Actual– a problem that has been validated by the
presence of major defining characteristics
• Risk– clinical judgments that an individual, family, or
community is more vulnerable to develop the problem than others in the same or similar situation
![Page 25: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Possible– statements describing a suspected problem for which
additional data are needed. Additional data are used to confirm or rule out the suspected problem.
• Wellness– clinical judgments about an individual, group, or
community in transition from a specific level of wellness to a higher level of wellness.
![Page 26: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Two cues must be present for a valid wellness diagnosis:– A desire for a higher level of wellness– An effective present status or function
Readiness for enhanced…
![Page 27: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Syndrome– comprise a cluster of actual or risk nursing
diagnoses that are predicted to be present because of a certain event or situation
Rape-Trauma Syndrome Post-Trauma Syndrome.
![Page 28: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
PARTS OF A PARTS OF A NURSING DIAGNOSISNURSING DIAGNOSIS
![Page 29: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Parts of a Nursing DiagnosisParts of a Nursing Diagnosis• Problem– describe the health state or health problem of the patient– clear and concise– suggests patient outcomes– NANDA quantifiers: ability, anticipatory, balance, compromised,
decreased, deficient, defensive, delayed, depleted, disproportionate, disabling, disorganized, disturbed, dysfunctional, effective, excessive, functional, imbalanced, impaired, inability, increased, ineffective, interrupted, low, organized, perceived, and readiness for enhanced
![Page 30: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Parts of a Nursing DiagnosisParts of a Nursing Diagnosis
• Etiology– identifies the physiologic, psychological,
sociologic, spiritual, and environmental factors believed to be related to the problem
– either a cause or a contributing factor. – directs nursing intervention to be efficient and
effective
![Page 31: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Parts of a Nursing DiagnosisParts of a Nursing Diagnosis
• Defining Characteristics– subjective and objective data that signal the
existence of the actual or potential health problem
– suggest evaluative criteria
![Page 32: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Label• Definition• Defining characteristics• Related factor
![Page 33: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Label• Imbalanced Nutrition: More Than Body Requirements (1975,
2000).
Definition• Intake of nutrients that exceeds metabolic needs.
![Page 34: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Defining Characteristics• Triceps skin fold greater than 25 mm in women, greater than 15 mm in
men• Weight 20% over ideal for height and frame• Eating in response to external cues, such as time of day, social situation• Eating in response to internal cues other than hunger (eg, anxiety)• Reported or observed dysfunctional eating pattern (eg, pairing food with
other activities)• Sedentary activity level• Concentrating food intake at the end of the day
![Page 35: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Related Factors• Excessive intake in relation to metabolic need.
![Page 36: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
GUIDELINES FOR WRITING GUIDELINES FOR WRITING NURSING DIAGNOSESNURSING DIAGNOSES
![Page 37: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Guidelines for Writing Guidelines for Writing Nursing DiagnosesNursing Diagnoses
1. Phrase the nursing diagnosis as a patient problem or alteration in health state rather than as a patient need.
1. Check to make sure that the patient problem precedes the etiology and that the two are linked by the phrase “related to.”
![Page 38: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Guidelines for Writing Guidelines for Writing Nursing DiagnosesNursing Diagnoses
3. Defining characteristics, when included in the nursing diagnosis, should follow the etiology and be linked by the phrase “as manifested by” or “as evidenced by.”
3. Write in legally advisable terms.
![Page 39: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Guidelines for Writing Guidelines for Writing Nursing DiagnosesNursing Diagnoses
5. Use nonjudgmental language.
6. Be sure the problem statement indicates what is unhealthy about the patient or what the patient wants to change (enhance).
![Page 40: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Guidelines for Writing Guidelines for Writing Nursing DiagnosesNursing Diagnoses
7. Avoid using defining characteristics, medical diagnoses, or something that cannot be changed in the problem statement.
8. Reread the diagnosis to make sure the problem statement suggests patient outcomes and that the etiology will direct the selection of nursing measures.
![Page 41: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
VALIDATING VALIDATING NURSING DIAGNOSESNURSING DIAGNOSES
![Page 42: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
yes or no?yes or no?
• Is my database sufficient, accurate, and supported by nursing research?
• Does my synthesis of data (significant cues) demonstrate the existence of a pattern?
• Are the subjective and objective data I used to determine the existence of a pattern characteristic of the health problem I defined?
![Page 43: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
yes or no?yes or no?
• Is my tentative nursing diagnosis based on scientific nursing knowledge and clinical expertise?
• Is my tentative nursing diagnosis able to be prevented, reduced, or resolved by independent nursing action?
• Is my degree of confidence above 50% that other qualified practitioners would formulate the same nursing diagnosis based on my data?
![Page 44: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Tell whether the following statement is true or false.A nursing diagnosis may be used to seek reimbursement for nursing services. A. TrueB. False
![Page 45: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Answer: A. TrueA nursing diagnosis may be used to seek reimbursement for nursing services.
![Page 46: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• Individualizing patient care• Allow patient to be informed and participate
in their care• Improve communication among nurses and
healthcare professionals• Defining domain of nursing to healthcare
administrators, legislators, and providers
![Page 47: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• Seeking funding for nursing and reimbursement for nursing services
• Define curriculum content and to direct specialization and advancement in nursing and nursing research
![Page 48: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
• If used incorrectly, patient might be “misdiagnosed”
• Nursing practice might be restricted
![Page 49: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Which of the following nursing diagnoses is written correctly?A. Child Abuse related to maternal hostilityB. Breast Cancer related to family historyC. Deficient Knowledge related to alteration in dietD. Imbalanced Nutrition related to insufficient funds in meal budget
![Page 50: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Answer: D. Imbalanced Nutrition related to insufficient funds in meal budget
Rationale:Answer A makes legally inadvisable statements, answer B is a medical diagnosis, and answer C reverses the clauses in the statement.
![Page 51: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
• Premature diagnoses based on incomplete database
• Erroneous diagnoses resulting from inaccurate or faulty database
• Routine diagnoses resulting from failure to tailor data to patient
• Errors of omission
![Page 52: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Legal Alert: Alfaro's RuleLegal Alert: Alfaro's RuleThe terms diagnose and diagnosis have legal
implications. They imply that there is a specific problem that requires management by a qualified expert.
• If you make a diagnosis, it means that you accept accountability for accurately naming and managing the problem.
![Page 53: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Legal Alert: Alfaro's RuleLegal Alert: Alfaro's Rule
• If you treat a problem or allow a problem to persist without ensuring that the correct diagnosis has been made, you may cause harm and be accused of negligence.
![Page 54: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Legal Alert: Alfaro's RuleLegal Alert: Alfaro's Rule
• You are accountable for detecting, identifying, or recognizing signs and symptoms that might indicate problems beyond your expertise.
Example: Staff nurses are not qualified to diagnose and manage pneumonia independently.
![Page 55: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
However, they are accountable for:• Detecting and reporting signs and symptoms of pneumonia
(fever, productive cough, malaise)
• Diagnosing and managing risk factors for pneumonia (weak breathing efforts due to surgical pain, spinal cord injury, or disease; in complicated cases, these risk factors may require medical management)
![Page 56: Aubrey Y. Go, RN,MD. Nursing Diagnosis Definition: NANDA, 1990 Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e405503460f94b323b1/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)