assessment, data collection methods baseline survey module 3 – session 1 assessment – time line...
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International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Assessment, Data collection methods Baseline Survey
Module 3 – Session 1Assessment – Time lineData collection methods
Baseline survey
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesHygiene Promotion Project Cycle
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Data collection in emergency
The process of data collection can be broken down into three stages:
1. Stage 1: Rapid assessment
2. Stage 2: Baseline data
3. Stage 3: Further analysis
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
3 Stages
1.- Assessment
Process aimed at understanding the situation
after a major change.
It provides information about the needs, possible
intervention types and resources requirements
Tools: assessment checklist
Methods: Structured observation
Exploratory walksInterviews
2.- Baseline survey
Analysis and description of the situation prior to the start of a
operation, against which change can be assessed or
comparisons made.
It provides information about the level of impact of our
activities
Tools: baseline survey questionnaire
Methods: Household interviewDirect observation
Focus group discussion
3.- Further analysis
Process aimed at understanding the social and cultural dynamics within the
community
It provides information about what people believe, think,
know and do
Tools: PHAST Toolkit
Methods: Three pile sorting
Pocket chartSeasonal calendars
Gender analysis
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Baseline survey
An analysis and description of a situation prior to the operation against which can be assessed or comparisons made is needed.Baseline survey provides a benchmark for our programme objectives A follow-up study at the later point (typically at mid-term of completion of the operation) is needed to facilitate measurement of the outcomes and impact of the programme.
Situation A Situation B Situation C
Secondary information (Information referred to the situation before the
disaster)
Situation B registered by assessment data
Baseline survey (t0)
Follow up survey (t1; t2; t3, etc)
disasterRC/RC response
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Data collection Time line
Rapid assessment:
Provides general information about needs, possible intervention types and resource requirements
Detailed assessment:
Provides more detailed / sectorial information about needs, possible intervention types and resource requirements
1 week 1 month Continuous process
Continual assessment:
Process whereby information is continually updated.
disaster
Source: Guidelines for emergency assessment (IFRC)
Baseline survey
Monitor the effect of the programme interventions
Further analysis
Ensure more level of community engagement
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Information collection methods in emergency
Data collected can be either quantitative or qualitative data.
•Quantitative data is based on numbers and measurement and can be analysed statistically.
•Qualitative data, by comparison, can explain the quantitative data and why something is happening. It can be used to find out what people do, know, think and experience. Qualitative methods can also be used to check the accuracy of the quantitative information
Qualitative Methods Quantitative Methods
Focus Group Discussions Surveys
Participatory exercises e.g. Three pile sorting exercise or mapping
Health Statistics e.g. mortality and morbidity
Direct Observation Laboratory Analysis e.g. water testing
Written Documentation Fixed measurements e.g. distance to water source
Interviews Tallying of observations
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Information collection in emergency
1. Structured observation
2. Interviews: Group interview Individual interview (key
informant) Household interviews Big Ears to listen, Big
Eyes to See and a Small Mouth to Speak
Rapid assessment (1 week)
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Observation
Good starting point for the assessment. Look around and talk to people. Qualitative and Quantitative dataWalking through the area with local people facilitates discussion as the atmosphere is informal.Observation is useful for cross-checking.Excellent way to come upon unexpected information.
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Practical exercise 1: Observation
An outbreak of cholera was confirmed in Hoima, Bundibugyo and Kibale Districts in Western Uganda. There were reported 98 reported cases and 33 deaths.
You are part of an assessment team that is about to do a field visit to Hoima District (visit 3 communities were cholera cases were reported).
You have agreed to start the assessment with a structured observation activity to identify 1) access to safe water, 2) use of toilets and 3) practice of hand-washing at critical times.
Prepare a simple observation guide for each activity.
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Interviews
Group interviewsAssembling a group of people with different backgrounds who can provide a broad explanation of the general situation.Assembling a group of people with similar backgrounds to gain a deep understanding of a particular issue (women with children < 5)People from certain groups may be reluctant to speak openly. Convene separate groups (societies where women practice ‘purdah’)
Individual interviews (key informants)People who has specific knowledge or specific information about certain aspects of the community.Useful when exploring sensitive issues that are not appropriate to group discussion (anal cleaning, menstruation, etc.)
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Practical exercise 2: Interviews
Role play: Doing an interview.
Roles: (1) presenter, (2) one interviewer (volunteers), (3) the person interviewed (health worker). Prepare a written interview schedule with 10 questions and prepare a 10 min role play about the interview activity.In the handout ‘How to do key informant interview’ you will find a list of things to avoid while doing an interview. Select three things to avoid and include them in your play role.Your 10 min role play will be recorded. The presenter will introduce the characters and end the play role up by explaining ‘the three mistakes’ represented in the role.
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Information collection in emergency
1. Focus group discussion
2. Participatory methods Three pile sorting Pocket chart Big Ears to listen, Big
Eyes to See and a Small Mouth to Speak
Detailed assessment (1 month)
Baseline survey & Further analysis
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Focus group discussion
The aim of the focus group is to understand people’s current ideas and beliefs in detailA focus group is usually composed of not more than 10-12 people who have been selected because they have certain characteristics in common that relate to the topic under discussion.The facilitator is there to keep the discussion going, to make sure that everyone has a chance to speak and to probe in depth for an understanding of the issue being discussed
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Practical exercise 3: Focus group discussion
Role play: Conducting a focus group discussion.
Roles: (1) presenter (2) facilitator for discussion, (3) recorder, (4) 5 person with different roles to chose.Prepare a written discussion guide with 10 questions and prepare a 10 min role play about the activity.In the handout ‘How to conduct a focus discussion group’ you will find a list of things to avoid while carrying out this activity. Select three things to avoid and include them in your play role.Your 10 min role play will be recorded. The presenter will introduce the characters and end the play role up by explaining ‘the three mistakes’ represented in the role.
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Three pile sorting / Pocket chart
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Random sample
Instead of interviewing ‘each and every’ unit sample you sample just a few to describe ‘the whole’. Each element in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Sample size is the number of households, groups or individuals that need to be included in the survey to represent each population of interest.
Rough calculations based on population•For populations under 100 use 30-50 units•For populations between 100-300 use 50-70 units•For populations between 300-1000 use 70-90 units•For populations over 1000 use 90-100 units
International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
Simple Random Sample
Community of 20 households with 100 person.Sample size: 30 persons interviewedAll the persons registered in a censusInterview criteria: women with children U5
Putting all their names in a drum and then pull 30 names out.
Using a table of random numbers. Start at any point on the table and move in any direction to choose the numbers required for the sample size.
Introducing a systematic pattern – systematic random sample - : if the persons had numbers attached to their names ranging from 001 to 100, and we chose a random starting point, e.g. 53, and then pick every 3rd name thereafter to give us our sample of 30.
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