1. The "Black codes"A) restricted emigration of freedmen to the northB) provided political and social opportunities unknown under slaveryC) stopped lees invasion of the northD) stopped the way for the Union to take RichmondE) prevented blacks from migrating to the West

2. The main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau was toA) oversee relations between former masters and slavesB) implement the process of land redistributionC) deny access to legal redress for white southernersD) punish former slave holdersE) get the fourteenth amendment passed

3. All of the following were part of the Fourteenth Amendment except itA) gave all citizens equal protection of the lawB) funded the Confederate war debtC) created a constitutional definition of citizenshipD) gave Congress broad powers to enforce the amendmentE) provided for equal protection under the law

4. The Tenure of Office ActA) angered congressmen by limiting their terms to two yearsB) stated that a president could only hold office while in good standingC) required Senate approval before the president could remove a cabinet memberD) was designed to implement the spoils systemE) limited the president to two term in office

5. The impeachment of Andrew Johnson wasA) because of crimes and misdemeanors committed while he was presidentB) the first time a president was forced to resignC) in retaliation for his opposition to congressional reconstructionD) because of his failure to appoint a vice presidentE) because of his affair with an office worker

6. All of the following statements regarding the Fifteenth Amendment are true except itA) prohibited states from denying the right to vote on grounds of race or colorB) was popular among northern womenC) encountered much resistance in the white southD) was part of the congressional reconstruction planE) was required by Congress that southern states ratify it

7. The main purpose of the Ku Klux Klan during the Reconstruction was toA) destroy the Republican Party in the SouthB) deny freedmen equal protection under the lawC) return black Americans to slaveryD) dismantle the Democratic PartyE) take the South out of the Union

8. By the mid-1870s, northern Americans had grown increasinglyA) supportive of the governments efforts to restructure the SouthB) convinced that black Americans needed further protection from racist southern governmentsC) weary of the turmoil of southern politicsD) weary of the federal government's failure to restructure the SouthE) supportive of black immigration to the North to meet their labor needs and to stop the upheaval in the south

9. Which of the following was not a part of the Compromise of 1877?A) removal of federal troops from southern statesB) appointment of a southern vice presidentC) federal aid for a southern railroadD) federal appropriations to rebuild war-destroyed leveesE) appointment of a southern postmaster general

10. Scalawags wereA) northerners who attempted to finance economic enterprises in the postwar SouthB) southern blacks attempting to exert their newly acquired political powerC) white, southern-born RepublicansD) white southerners who opposed reconstruction policiesE) criminals who stole public funds during Reconstruction

11. Radical Republicans objected to Lincoln's initial Reconstruction plan because itA) offered a presidential pardon to former Confederate political and military leadersB) did not require the establishment of educational opportunities for freed peopleC) restored the political rights of white men who had fought against the UnionD) was too difficult to enforceE) gave too many rights to freedmen

12. Andrew Johnson was all of the following exceptA) a southern democratB) the only senator from a confederate state who did not support the ConfederacyC) a supporter of yeoman farmersD) a white supremacistE) a strong supporter of the planter aristocracy

13. Which of the following is a characteristic of the post-Civil War southern labor systemA) black workers preferred working in gangs as they had done under slaveryB) the new system of sharecropping evolvedC) foreign immigrants were brought in to replace slave laborersD) most ex-slaves purchased land and often employed their former masters

E) the economy quickly recovered from the ravishes of war

14. The Compromise of 1877 signifiedA) a renewal of federal support for the civil rights of all AmericansB) the end of ReconstructionC) the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the United StatesD) the decline of Democratic Party control of congressE) the end of the spoils system

The ones pushing for more reforms in the South in favor of African Americans were the: Radical Republicans

The election of 1868: witnessed the election of southerners to important congressional positions

During the Reconstruction Period: the illiteracy rate among southern blacks was reduced significantly

The majority of southern republican voters were: black

Southern whites regarded “carpetbaggers” as: agents of an army of occupation

Ulysses S. Grant was guilty of: unwise appointments of public officials.

Which of the following is characteristic of the post- Civil War southern labor system: the new system of sharecropping evolved.

One of the major political scandals of the Grant presidency involved: Credit Mobilier.

The idea of redistributing plantation land to freedmen was tried first by: William T. Sherman.

The primary purpose of the Ku Klux Klan was to: prevent blacks from voting.

Congressional laws in 1870 and 1871 did all of the following except: give the president the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus.

The new state constitutions drawn up in the South from 1867 to 1868: included universal male suffrage.

Ulysses S. Grant's presidency is known as an era of: scandal and corruption at all levels of government.

Members of Abraham Lincoln's own party opposed his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction because: it left the door open to restrictive Southern measures to control former slaves.

Which of the following is true of Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial: The Senate sat as a court to try Johnson on charges drawn up by the House.

Andrew Johnson was all of the following except: a strong supporter of the planter aristocracy.

Which of the following is not true of black political activity during Reconstruction: More than 50 percent of high state and federal offices were held by blacks.

The main issue addressed by the 15th Amendment was: voting

The Fourteenth Amendment did all of the following except: guarantee the Confederate debt.

The last battle between the US Army and the America Indians, often recognized symbolically as the death of Plains Indian culture, was fought atA) Little Big HornB) Sand CreekC) Wounded KneeD) Big CreekE) Pine RidgeCBy the 1870s, the major mineral being mined in the West wasA) goldB) silverC) copperD) leadE) platinumB

The biggest boost to the cattle industry in the late nineteenth century was theA) breeding of longhorn cattleB) movement of the railroad westwardC) arrival of the cowboyD) decline of open-range grazingE) the invention of barbed wireBThe "New South" probably can best be described as a society ofA) cotton fields, plantations, and agricultureB) tobacco, slavery, and plantersC) commerce, cotton mills, and steelD) trading firms and shipbuildersE) small farmers and day laborersC"Jim Crow" lawsA) disenfranchised black AmericansB) extended the naturalization period for foreignersC) prevented women from votingD) mandated labor unionsE) mandated racial segregation in public facilitiesEThe Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson stated thatA) the right of blacks to vote was not constitutionally

protectedB) black Americans could be prevented from running for officeC) Jim Crow laws were illegalD) black and white Americans could be segregated by race, but must be supplied with equal facilitiesE) the Fourteenth amendment did not apply to private acts of discriminationDIn the fight for equal rights, black leader Booker T Washington adopted a strategy that emphasizedA) segregationB) political equality and freedomsC) self-help and educationD) government assistance to blacksE) violent resistanceCAll of the following statements regarding homesteading on the Great Plains are not true exceptA) most homes were simple wooden cabins made out of oak or pineB) the northern Plains were heavily populated by foreign-born residentsC) Plains communities were notable in their lack of ethnic diversityD) most immigrants who settled there were from southern Italy and RussiaE) the largest segment of settlers came from the American SouthBIn the mining frontierA) the largest and most profitable mines were owned by large mining corporationsB) small independent miners controlled production and set pricesC) labor/management relations were peaceful due to high pay and industry profitsD) environmental concerns prevented the use of wasteful and destructive technologiesE) Native Americans supplied more of the labor forceAMost cowboys in the Old West wereA) men who led solitary lives marked by personal freedomB) gunfighters who rode oversized horsesC) laborers who worked for industrial corporationsD) similar to the handsome romantic heroes depicted in

western moviesE) black, Indian, and Mexican AmericanCThe "ghost dance" wasA) a religious movement that promised the destruction of the white man and the return of the Indian landB) a Halloween celebration popular among Czech and German immigrants on the plainsC) the only indian cultural activity permitted by indian agents on the reservations in the 1890sD) introduced by christian missionaries as a means of undermining pagan ritualsE) a funeral ritual practiced by the Pueblo indiansAAll of the following statements regarding the Chinese in California are true except theyA) were overwhelmingly maleB) were unable to develop communities owing to a shortage of womenC) were actively recruited to come to the region as laborersD) were subject to the foreign miners' taxE) refereed to California as "Gold Mountain"BBy 1890 the Sioux and other reservation indiansA) were rapidly adapting to a capitalist agrarian lifestyleB) had achieved full US citizenship and equal rightsC) were reduced to lives of povertyD) were profiting from the discovery of oil on their ancestral landsE) were working in large numbers for the mining industryCThe Dawes Severalty ActA) protected tribal ownership of land and separate nation statusB) offered each Indian head of family 160 acres of farmland or 320 acres of grazing landC) resulted in the addition of millions of acres to tribal holdingsD) only affected the five "civilized tribes"E) led to the revival of traditional culturesBThe economy of the "New South" was colonial in thatA) it had not changed since the colonial period of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuriesB) it depended on raw materials imported from Caribbean

coloniesC) many major industries were financed and controlled by northern businessmenD) southern leaders invested more capital in agriculture than in manufacturingE) European investors controlled much of the land and the industryCAll of the following statements regarding race relations during the New South period are true exceptA) most black southerners were denied the right to voteB) ninety percent of the convicts in southern prisons were blackC) most southern blacks lived as tenant farmers of sharecroppersD) reform groups agitated for elimination of the convict leasing systemE) lynching and racial violence declined significantlyECharles Guiteau is noted as the A) paranoid schizophrenic who assasinated James A GarfieldB) Mugwump leader who ran as the vice presidential candidate in 1892C) congressman who led the civil-service reform movementD) major northern Democratic leader of the 1880sE) a writer whose work inspired significant reforms in the Gilded AgeAIn 1880, the Bureau of Census announced thatA) sixty percent of the US population lived west of the Mississippi RiverB) a majority of Americans were foreign bornC) the frontier which had separated the settled from unsettled areas of the continent no longer existedD) the number of immigrants coming to the US was at its lowest point in historyE) most americans now lived in urban areas rather than on farmsCAccording to Frederick Jackson Turner, American character and culture were primarily influenced byA) the spanish and the french traditionsB) the development of civilized cities and townsC) the spread of the plantation systemD) the existence of the frontier and the westward movementE) war

DWhich of the following best describes the Mugwumps, Stalwarts, and Half-Breeds?A) they were conflicting groups within the Democratic PartyB) both the Mugwumps and Half-Breeds supported reforms while the Stalwarts opposed reformC) only the Stalwarts advocated civil-service reformD) All three groups favored extension of the spoils systemE) they were three fledgling political parties who supported "clean" politicsBThe McKinley Tariff of 1890A) established the first income taxB) has a reform measure that reduced the price of American manufactured productsC) was vetoed by President Benjamin HarrisonD) was responsible for the decisive Republican victory in the election of 1892E) had a protective tax that raised import duties to an average of 50 percentAThe "Battle" of Wounded KneeA) was the worst defeat in the history of the US ArmyB) was a shoot out between sheep herders and cattlemen in WyomingC) revitalized Plains Indian cultureD) symbolized the death of the Plains Indian's way of lifeE) defeated the Pueblo Indians of New MexicoDThe US Army encouraged the slaughter of millions of buffaloA) because the buffalo limited the grazing range for cattleB) in order to feed hungry industrial workers in the NorthC) to stop the spread of disease among cattle herds in the PlainsD) because the great herds interfered with the building of the transcontinental railroadE) in order to weaken the Plains Indians by depriving them of their source of food, clothing, and shelterEMost of the New South's iron and steel industry was concentrated inA) central GeorgiaB) northern AlabamaC) southern Mississippi

D) eastern TennesseeE) TexasBThe Homestead Act began under the administration of PresidentA) Rutherford B HayesB) Grover ClevelandC) Ulysses S GrantD) James A GarfieldE) Abraham LincolnEThe most environmentally destructive type of mining in California's gold rush wasA) stripB) placerC) panD) stampingE) hydraulicEIda Wells was an advocate forA) copper minersB) Chinese women in CaliforniaC) southern blacksD) civil reform in governmentE) Mexican AmericansCOpen-range grazing declined in the West becauseA) the range had become overstockedB) record cold killed thousands of free range cattleC) scientific breeding proved more profitableD) ranchers began fencing their landE) all of the aboveEUnder the Dawes ActA) millions of acres of reservation lands were opened to white settlementB) most Indians readily adapted to the new agricultural economyC) the reservation system emerged stronger than everD) Indians actually ended up controlling more landE) Indians religious practices were revivedASouthern cotton mills had a competitive advantage over northern mills because of

A) cheap energy sourcesB) cheap labor, made up mostly of former slavesC) cheap labor, made up mostly of poor native southern whitesD) cheap labor, made up of immigrantsE) better weather conditionsCIn the years following the Civil War the southern agricultural economyA) depended on food productionB) depended on the crop lien systemC) recovered quickly from the devastation of the war yearsD) received extensive government subsidiesE) depended on investments from England and EuropeBIn the 1880s, James B Duke industrialized the ___ industryA) cottonB) coffeeC) miningD) tobaccoE) meatpackingDThe Interstate Commerce ActA) outlawed unfair pricing activities on the part of railroadsB) outlawed the restraint of trade between statesC) attempted to control business trustsD) extended subsidies to railroadsE) none of the aboveAIn the late 1890s, farmers experiencedA) a new era of prosperityB) the adoption of the silver standardC) a steady drop in the prices that lasted until WWID) an increase in the deflation trendE) success in seeing "one of their own" elected presidentAThe issue that caused the Populist Party to be absorbed by the Democratic Party was A) income taxB) the coinage of silverC) government control of railroadsD) direct election of senatorsE) women's suffrageB

The winner of the 1896 presidential election was A) William McKinleyB) William Jennings BryanC) Theodore RooseveltD) Mark HannaE) Benjamin HarrisonA"Granger Laws"A) helped destroy the Patrons of HusbandryB) established state railroad commissions to determine fair transportation rates and warehouse chargesC) never actually went into effect until the twentieth centuryD) regulated farm cooperatives and land banksE) led to the creation of the Populist partyBIn the landmark decision of Munn v. Illinois (1877) the Supreme CourtA) declared state railroad regulations unconstitutionalB) upheld the right of states to regulate public businesses including railroadsC) established federal guidelines for agricultural productionD) outlawed segregation in companies engaged in interstate commerceE) outlawed child laborBIn the late nineteenth century, the railroadsA) employed more workers than any other industryB) established the four standard time zones still used in the US todayC) were the major means of transporting people and products across the countryD) employed unfair pricing practicesE) all of the aboveEThe Greenback and "free silver" movements supportedA) a sound money policy to strengthen the dollar on the international marketB) the complete reorganization of the US banking systemC) a free enterprise approach to establishing interest ratesD) increasing the amount of currency in circulationE) overthrowing the us government

The Interstate Commerce ActA) outlawed unfair pricing activities on the part of railroadsB) outlawed the restraint of trade between statesC) attempted to control business trusts

D) extended subsidies to railroadsE) none of the aboveAWhich union was hurt irrevocably by the Haymarket Square protest?A) Congress of Industrial OrganizationsB) National Labor UnionC) Industrial Workers of the WorldD) American Federation of LaborE) Knights of LaborEThe strike at the Homestead plant in Pennsylvania is famous for theA) assassination of Henry FrickB) federal governments criticism of Andrew CarnegieC) armed resistance by striking steel workersD) intercession by the president on behalf of the strikersE) arrest of Eugene DebsCThe head of the American Railway Union involved in the Pullman strike wasA) William BryanB) Terence PowderlyC) Eugene DebsD) James BlaineE) James DukeCWhich of the following was not a nineteenth century innovation?A) radioB) motion picturesC) telephoneD) electric lightsE) typewritersADuring the nineteenth century, the Sherman Antitrust ActA) successfully dissolved the ten largest corporations in the USB) was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme CourtC) was never used at allD) was used by big business to break up unions and strikesE) failed to pass either house of congressD

Andrew Carnegie created a monopoly in the ___ industryA) oilB) steelC) railroadD) textileE) coalBIn US v EC Knight Company, the Supreme Court ruled that theA) sugar refining monopoly was illegalB) federal government had no authority over the economyC) Interstate Commerce Act was unconstitutionalD) Sherman Antitrust Act regulated commerce but not manufacturingE) Sherman Antitrust Act was unconstitutionalDThe first labor union formed after the Civil War was the A) Cigar Makers UnionB) National Labor UnionC) Knights of LaborD) United Mine Workers UnionE) American Federation of LaborBThe railroad strike of 1877A) was a major victory for the union workersB) led many cities to construct armoriesC) saw the middle class side with railroad workersD) was settled peacefullyE) has remained the worst labor violence in American historyBThe Pullman strike (1894) was significant becauseA) President Grover Cleveland sent in federal troops to break the strikeB) the US attorney general used a federal injunction against the railroadsC) the Pullman Company compromised with the unions in order to prevent violenceD) the strike leaders were honored in the naitonal capitolE) all of the aboveAIn comparison to other industrial nations, by 1890 the United States wasA) just entering the industrial revolution phase of developmentB) less productive than the three major powersC) the world leader in manufacturing output

D) still basically an agricultural societyE) unable to compete because of high labor costsCThe theory of "survival of the fittest" provided ideological support forA) social inequalityB) capitalismC) the gap between the rich and poorD) wage laborE) all of the aboveEThe Homestead Strike involved theA) United Mine WorkersB) American Railway AssociationC) Knights of LaborD) Pullman workersE) Amalgamated Association of Iron, steel, and tin workersEAfter 1885 the fastest growing industry wasA) steelB) oilC) railroadsD) clothingE) coal miningDThe nation's time zonesA) originally numbered 10B) were created by Congress at the request of railroadsC) were violently opposed by farmersD) were initially created by private industryE) supported what Americans called "God's time"BOne of the leading innovators in the production and marketing of goods at the turn of the century wasA) Henry GeorgeB) James DukeC) Terence PowderlyD) John D RockefellerE) William McKinleyBIn 1901, JP Morgan handled the huge industrial merger that formed theA) Standard Oil CompanyB) Northern Pacific Railroad

C) American Tobacco CompanyD) Pullman CompanyE) US Steel CorporationEThe idea of scientific management is most closely associated with A) Andrew CarnegieB) Frederick TaylorC) James B DukeD) John D RockefellerE) Thomas EdisonBThe first assembly line was introduced in the A) steel industryB) automobile industryC) tobacco industryD) textile industryE) coal industryBFor the most part, workers at Ford ___ the assembly lineA) favoredB) were indifferent toC) intensely dislikedD) sabotagedE) violently resistedCMost European immigrants who arrived between 1880 and 1914 came fromA) northern and western EuropeB) eastern and southern EuropeC) AfricaD) AsiaE) MexicoBFor the most part, native-born American viewed the "new immigrants" asA) culturally sophisticated and racially fitB) politically matureC) groups who would enrich America's multicultural societyD) capable of assimilating to American traditionsE) racially inferior and culturally impoverishedEThe primary motivation for late-nineteenth century immigration was

A) religious persecutionB) political persecutionC) economic hardshipD) forced migrationE) hardship caused by warCthe quintessential force in the late-nineteenth-century city government wasA) city hallB) the political machineC) the political partyD) the mayorE) the wealthy private citizenBIronically, labor was prevented from organizing because of the government's use of the A) interstate commerce clauseB) jim crow lawsC) sherman antitrust actD) voting rights actE) fourteenth amendmentCThe long-time president of the American Federation of Labor wasA) Samuel GompersB) "Big Bill" HaywoodC) John L LewisD) Eugene DebsE) Mark HannaAWilliam "Big Bill" Haywood was the leader of which of the following unions?A) AFLB) CIOC) IWWD) K of LE) NLUCthe principle of "scientific management" included all of the following exceptA) training human laborers to work together like a machineB) managing industry by reducing unskilled laborC) producing as many goods as was scientifically possibleD) cutting cost and making windfall profitsE) eliminating waste

B...By 1920, the majority of workers in American cities wereA) highly skilled and well paidB) womenC) immigrantsD) highly skilled and poorly paidE) migrants from America's farmsCHenry Ford's Model-T revolutionized US society byA) providing inexpensive, reliable transportation for working class AmericansB) eliminating the railroads monopoly on transporting goodsC) reducing industrial dependence on coal for fuelD) offering Americans choices and optionsE) encouraging workers to be creative of the jobACorporate consolidations or mergers were prompted primarily by a desire to A) encourage competitionB) regulate expansion and insulate corporations from fluctuations in the economic cycleC) stimulate rate wars within the major marketsD) reduce the role of investment bankers in the economyE) encourage government regulation of industryBThe underlying goal of time-and-motion studies was toA) understand the relationship between job satisfaction and productivityB) make work less physically demanding for the individual workerC) eliminate waste by making human efforts smoother and more machine-likeD) reduce the number of supervisors and managers in the workplaceE) eliminate the need for child laborCThe introduction of the assembly line at Ford led to all of he following exceptA) lower consumer costsB) increased productivityC) increased worker payD) increased worker job satisfactionE) increased profitD

The "gospel of wealth"A) encourages rich people to use this excess profits for the benefit of societyB) was rejected by most Protestant denominationsC) was a philosophy created by JP MorganD) led to the first federal welfare program in US historyE) led to higher income taxes on the richAAndrew Carnegie and John D Rockefeller were similar in that they bothA) baptistsB) were partners in the creation of the US Steel CompanyC) flouted their wealthD) were widely beloved by the public as self-made menE) gave tens of millions of dollars to philanthropic causesEMost of the "new immigrants"A) intended to establish permanent homes and to become us citizensB) moved to the South to take advantage of industrial development thereC) immediately joined labor unionsD) hoped to work and save money in the US and then to return to their homelandsE) bought farmsDthe first industrialist to advocate the Gospel of Wealth was A) Cornelius VanderbiltB) John D RockefellerC) Leland StanfordD) Andrew CarnegieE) Jay GouldDAndrew Carnegie provided money for the construction of 2,500 ___ throughout the countryA) playgroundsB) public librariesC) elementary schoolsD) hospitalsE) labor union hallsBThe nation's first subways were constructed inA) New York CityB) BostonC) Philadelphia

D) ChicagoE) Trenton