Applications of protomic

Presented By:

Muhammad Rizwan

Roll no: 117101

Department of Bioinformatics

The proteom

• Proteome indicates the total proteins expressed by a genome in a cell or tissue.

• Proteome, unlike the genome, is not a fixed feature of an organism.

• Proteomics is the study of protein expression and function on a

genome scale.

Why Proteomics???

• A cell is normally dependent upon multitude of metabolic and

regulatory pathways for its survival.

• It is not necessary a correlation between transcript and protein expression level .

• Modifications of proteins can only be determined by proteomic

methodologies.

What proteomics can answer

• Protein identification

• Protein Expression Studies

• Protein Function

• Protein Post-Translational Modification

• Protein Localization and Compartmentalization

• Protein-Protein Interactions

• Proteins are the most drug targets.

Applications of Proteomics

• Mining: identification of proteins (catalog the proteins)

• Protein-expression profile: identification of proteins in a particular state of the organism.

• Protein-network mapping: protein interactions in living systems

• Mapping of protein modifications: how and where proteins are modified.

Drug Target/marker identification

• This application of proteomics provides a protein profile of a cell or tissue that can be used to compare a healthy with a diseased state for protein differences in the search for drugs or drug targets.

• This is the most popularized of the applications for proteomics; it has the added unique advantage that bodily fluids can be used for profiling.

Protein identification by Peptide Mass fingerprint

• Use MS to measure the masses of proteolytic peptide fragments.

• Identification is done by matching the measured peptide masses to corresponding peptide masses from protein or nucleotide sequence databases

Differential Display Proteomics

• DIGE –Difference gel electrophoresis

• –MP –multiplexed proteomics

• –ICAT –isotope coded affinity tagging

Prediction of protein function

• For many proteins, an assignation of protein function on the basis of sequence comparisons is impossible.

• ‘regulatory homology’: proteins for which the relative abundance changes in a similar manner when confronted with changing environmental conditions may be involved in a common process.

• This concept may be useful in the prediction of protein function.

Some important applications…

• Pharmaceutical development-functional genomics and proteomics have generated a plethora of new potential drug targets

• Has increased efficiency in lead optimization and preclinical phases of drug development

• Signature patterns of drug toxicity (on/off, dose response, temporal effects)

Continue…

• Resultant evaluation of drug toxicity and drug-drug interaction is further enhanced by both procedures e.g. drug toxicity of cyclosporine in mediating nephrotoxicity and liver toxicity of etomoxir-a potential anti-diabetic (2D-GE patterns revealed aberrant protein expression profiles in drug treatment

• Neurological disorders

• Heart disease

• Screening of microbial protein profiles conferring drug resistance

Questions…

Thank you