appendix - 4noc.unom.ac.in/webportal/uploads/admissions/cbcs/2008-2009/revbsc... · appendix - 21...
TRANSCRIPT
APPENDIX - 21 (R)
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
18. B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN ZOOLOGY
REVISED Scheme of Examination:(w.e.f.2012-13)
FIRST SEMESTER
Maximum
Course Subjects Ins. Credit Exam. Marks
Compo Hours Hours Ext. Int. Total
nents Marks Marks
Part – I Language Paper – I 6 3 3 75 25 100
Part – II English Paper – I 6 3 3 75 25 100
Part III Paper – I 6 4 3 75 25 100
Core Invertebrata – I
Subjects
Paper – III 2 - - Examination
Major Practical – I will be held
Invertebrata – I in II Semester
Allied Allied Subject – I 4 4 3 75 25 100
Subject Paper – I Botany – I
Allied Practical - I 2 - - Examination will be
Botany I held in II Semester
Part – IV 1. (a) Not studied Tamil
upto xii std. – shall take
Tamil Comprising of two
courses (level VI std.)
(b) Studied Tamil upto
xii std. – taken
Non-Tamil under Part–I
shall take advance
Tamil comprising of two
courses.
(c) Others who do not
comes under a & b can
choose non-major
elective comprising of
two courses. 2 2 3 75 25 100
2. Skill based subjects
(Soft skill Elective - I) 2 3 3 60 40 100
SECOND SEMESTER
Maximum
Course Subjects Ins. Credit Exam. Marks
Compo Hours Hours Ext. Int. Total
nents Marks Marks
Part – I Language Paper – II 6 3 3 75 25 100
Part – II English Paper – II 6 3 3 75 25 100
Part – III Paper – II 6 4 3 75 25 100
Core Invertebrata – II
Subjects Paper - III 2 4 3 60 40 100
Major Practical – I
Invertebrata – I & II
Allied Allied Subject - I 4 4 3 75 25 100
Subject Paper – II Botany - II
Allied Practical - I 2 2 3 60 40 100
Botany I & II
Part – IV 1.(a) Not studied Tamil
upto xii std.– shall take
Tamil Comprising of two
courses (level VI std.)
(b) Studied Tamil upto
xii std.–taken Non-Tamil
under Part – I shall take
1 2
advance Tamil compris-
ing of two courses.
(c) Others who do not
comes under a & b can
choose non-major
elective comprising
of two courses. 2 2 3 75 25 100
2. Skill based subjects 2 3 3 60 40 100
(Soft skill Elective - II)
THIRD SEMESTER
Maximum
Course Subjects Ins. Credit Exam. Marks
Compo Hours Hours Ext. Int. Total
nents Marks Marks
Part – I Language Paper – III 6 3 3 75 25 100
Part – II English Paper – III 6 3 3 75 25 100
Part III Paper–IV Chordata – I 6 4 3 75 25 100
Core
Subjects Paper – VI 2 - - Examination
Major Practical – II will be held
Chordata – I in IV Semester
Allied Allied Subject - II 4 4 3 75 25 100
Subject Paper – I Chemistry - I
Allied Practical – II 2 - - Examination will be
Chemistry – I held in IV Semester
Part – IV 2. Skill based subjects 2 3 3 60 40 100
(Soft skill Elective - III)
3. Environmental 2 - - Examination will be
Studies held in IV Semester
FOURTH SEMESTER
Maximum
Course Subjects Ins. Credit Exam. Marks
Compo Hours Hours Ext. Int. Total
nents Marks Marks
Part – I Language Paper – IV 6 3 3 75 25 100
Part – II English Paper – IV 6 3 3 75 25 100
Part – III Paper – V 6 4 3 75 25 100
Core Chordata – II
Subjects Paper – VI 2 4 3 60 40 100
Major Practical – II
Chordata – I & II
Allied Allied Subject - II 4 4 3 75 25 100
Subject Paper – II Chemistry–II
Allied Practical – II 2 2 3 60 40 100
Chemistry I & II
Part – IV 2. Skill based subjects 2 3 3 60 40 100
(Soft skill Elective - IV)
3. Environmental
Studies 2 2 3 75 25 100
3 4
FIFTH SEMESTER
Maximum
Course Subjects Ins. Credit Exam. Marks
Compo Hours Hours Ext. Int. Total
nents Marks Marks
Part – III Paper – VII Cell & 4 4 3 75 25 100
Core Molecular Biology
Subjects
Paper – VIII Genetics 4 4 3 75 25 100
Paper – IX 4 4 3 75 25 100
Animal Physiology &
Biochemistry
Paper – X 4 4 3 75 25 100
Biostatistics &
Computer Applications
in Life Sciences
ELECTIVE – I 5 5 3 75 25 100
Project NO PRACTICAL
or One Paper – XIV 4 - - Examination
Elective Major Practical – III will be held
Cell Biology, Genetics, in VI Semester
Animal Physiology &
Biochemistry
Paper - XV 4 - - Examination
Major Practical – IV will be held
Environmental Biology, in VI Semester
Microbiology,
Biotechnology &
Developmental Biology
Part – IV 4. Value Education 1 2 3 75 25 100
SIXTH SEMESTER
Maximum
Course Subjects Ins. Credit Exam. Marks
Compo Hours Hours Ext. Int. Total
nents Marks Marks
Part – III Paper – XI 4 4 3 75 25 100
Core Environmental Biology
Subjects & Evolution
Paper - XII 4 4 3 75 25 100
Developmental Biology
& Immunology
Paper – XIII 4 4 3 75 25 100
Microbiology &
Biotechnology
ELECTIVE – II 5 5 3 75 25 100
NO PRACTICAL
ELECTIVE – III 5 5 3 75 25 100
NO PRACTICAL
Project Paper - XIV 4 4 3 60 40 100
or Elec- Major Practical – III
tive II Cell Biology, Genetics,
Animal Physiology &
Biochemistry
Paper - XV 4 4 3 60 40 100
Major Practical – IV
Environmental Biology,
Microbiology,
Biotechnology &
Developmental Biology
Part – V Extension Activities - 1 - - - -
5 6
LIST OF ELECTIVES:
1. Bioinformatics
2. Medical Laboratory Techniques & Bioinstrumentation
3. Pisciculture & Aquarium Fish Keeping
4. Sericulture & Apiculture
5. Economic Entomology & Pest Management
6. Poultry & Dairy Science
LIST OF NON MAJOR ELECTIVES:
I Semester II Semester
1. Aquaculture 1. Dairy Farming
2. Vermitechnology 2. Poultry Science & Management
3. Human Genetics 3. Public health & Hygiene
****
A.C. S’12
APPENDIX - 21(S)
UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
18. B.Sc. DEGREE COURSE IN ZOOLOGY
REVISED SYLLABUS(w.e.f. 2012-13)
SEMESTER – I
PAPER I – INVERTEBRATA – I
UNIT – I
Principles of Taxonomy – Binomial nomenclature – Rules ofnomenclature – Classification of Animal Kingdom.
PROTOZOA: General characters and classification up toorders with examples.
Type study – Paramecium & Plasmodium
General Topic – Parasitic protozoans (Entamoeba,Trypanasoma & Leishmania)
___ 22 Hrs
UNIT – II
PORIFERA: General characters and classification up to orderswith examples
Type study – Leucosolenia & Scypha
General Topics – Histology, Skeleton and Canal System inSponges.
___ 20 Hrs
7 8
UNIT – III
COELENTERATA: General characters and classification upto orders with examples.
Type study – Obelia & Aurelia
General Topics – Corals and coral reefs – Polymorphism –Economic importance.
___ 22 HrsUNIT – IVPLATYHELMINTHES: General characters and classificationup to orders with examples. Type study – Fasciola & Taenia
General Topic - Parasitic adaptations.
___ 14 HrsUNIT – VASCHELMINTHES: General characters and classification upto orders with examples.
Type study – Ascaris
General Topic – Nematode Parasites and diseases (Enterobiusvermicularis, Ancylostoma duodenale & Wuchereria bancrofti)
___ 12 Hrs
SEMESTER – II
PAPER II – INVERTEBRATA – II
UNIT – I
ANNELIDA: General characters and classification up to orderswith examples.
Type study – Neanthes & Hirudinaria
General Topics – Metamerism – Trochophore larva and itssignificance – Vermiculture – Coelom in Annelida – Economicimportance.
___ 22 Hrs
UNIT – II
ARTHROPODA: General characters and classification up toorders with examples.
Type study – Penaeus & Palamnaeus
___ 14 Hrs
UNIT – III
General Topics – Affinities of Peripatus – Crustacean larvaeand their significance – Mouth parts of Insects – Economicimportance of Insects – Social Life in Insects.
___ 18 Hrs
UNIT – IV
MOLLUSCA: General characters and classification up toorders with examples.
Type study – Pila & Lamellidens
General Topics – Foot in Mollusca – Economic importance.
___ 18 Hrs
UNIT – V
ECHINODERMATA: General characters and classificationup to orders with examples.
Type study – Asterias
General Topics – Echinoderm larvae and their significance –Water Vascular (Ambulacral) System in Echinoderms.
___ 18 Hrs
TEXT BOOK:
1.Kotpal, R. L.,2000, Modern Text Book of Zoology –Invertebrates, 8th Revised Edition(Reprint), RastogiPublications, Meerut – 250 002.
9 10
REFERENCE:
1. Ayyar, E.K. and T.N. Ananthakrishnan, 1992.Manual of Zoology Vol. 1 (Invertebrate), Part I & II.S. Viswanathan (Printers and Publishers) Pvt Ltd.,Madras, 991p.
2. Jordan, E.L. and P.S. Verma, 2010, Reprint,Invertebrate Zoology, S. Chand & Co Ltd., RamNagar, New Delhi.
3. Kotpal, R.L., 1988 – 1992. (All Series) Protozoa,Porifera, Coelentereta, Helminthes, Annelida,Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, – RastogiPublications, Meerut – 250 002.
4. Parker and Hanswell, 2004, Text Book of Zoology,Vol I (Invertebrate), 7th Edition, A.Z.T,B.S.Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi – 110 051.
5. Ismail, S.A., 1997. Vermicology: The Biology ofEarthworm, Orient Longman, India, 92pp.
6. Hickman, C.P. Jr., F.M.Hickuman and L.S. Roberts,1984. Integrated Principles of Zoology, 7th Edition,Times Merror/Mosby College Publication. St. Louis.1065pp.
7. Hyman volume I to VI
8. L.A. Borradile and F.A. Potts- The Invertebrate –Cambridge University Press.
9. Adam Sedgewick – A student text book of Zoology– Vol I and II – Central Book Depot, Alahabad.
10. T.C. Majupuria – Invertebrate Zoology.
11. P.S. Dhami and J.K. Dhami – Invertebrate Zoology– R. Chand and Co.
PAPER III – MAJOR PRACTICAL I –INVERTEBRATA – I & II
I. DISSECTION
A. Cockroach:1. External characters
2. Digestive system
3. Nervous system
4. Male Reproductive system
5. Female Reproductive system
B. Prawn:6. External characters
7. Digestive system
8. Nervous system
II. MOUNTING
Mouth parts of:
9. Cockroach
10. House fly
11. Mosquito
Prawn appendages:
12. Cephalic
13. Thoracic
14. Abdominal
III – SPOTTERS
A- Classify giving reasons up to order:1. Paramecium
2. Scypha
3. Aurelia
11 12
4. Fasciola
5. Ascaris
6. Neanthes
7. Penaeus
8. Lamellidens
9. Asterias
B- Draw labeled sketches:10. Paramecium
11. Obelia medusa
12. Physalia
13. Ephyra larva
14. Redia larva
15. Cercaria larva
16. Mysis larva
17. Alima larva
18. Bipinnaria larva
C- Comment on Biological significance:19. Entamoeba
20. Paramecium – Conjugation
21. Plasmodium
22. Obelia colony
23. Velella
24. Fasciola – Miracidium
25. Taenia – Mature proglottid
26. Ascaris
27. Heteronereis
28. Trochophore larva
29. Chaetopterus
30. Peripatus
31. Hirudinaria
32. Limulus
33. Nauplius larva
34. Zoea larva
35. Chiton
36. Sepia
37. Octopus
38. Sacculina on crab
39. Sea anemone on Hermit crab
D – Relate structure and function:40. Sponge – Spicules
41. Sponge – Gemmule
42. Taenia – Scolex
43. Neanthes – Parapodium
44. Penaeus – Petasma
45. Honey bee – Sting apparatus
46. Scorpion – Book – lung
47. Starfish – Pedicellaria
48. Starfish - Tube foot.
SEMESTER - III
PAPER IV – CHORDATA – I
UNIT – I
Origin of Chordates – General characters and outlineclassification of Phylum Chordata with examples.
___ 06 Hrs
13 14
UNIT – II
PRO CHORDATES: General characters and classification –Hemichordata, Urochordata and Cephalochordata.
Type study – Balanoglossus, Herdmania (=Ascidian) andBranchiostoma (= Amphioxus) General Topics – Affinities andsystematic position of Hemichordata, Urochordata andCephalochordata.
___ 24 HrsUNIT – III
AGNATHA: General characters
Type study – Petromyzon
General Topic – Affinities of Cyclostomata
___ 10 HrsUNIT – IV
PISCES: General characters and classification up to orders withexamples.
Type study – Scoliodon sorrokowah and Mugil oeur
General Topic – Affinities of Dipnoi – Types of scales and fins– Accessory respiratory organs – Air bladder – Migration –Parental care – Economic importance
___ 30 HrsUNIT – V
AMPHIBIA: General characters and classification up to orderswith examples.
Type study – Rana hexadactyla
General Topic – Origin of Amphibia – Adaptive features ofAnura, Urodela and Apoda – Neoteny in Urodela – Parentalcare in Amphibia.
___ 20 Hrs
SEMESTER – IV
PAPER V – CHORDATA – II
UNIT – I
REPTILIA: General characters and classification up to orderswith examples.
Type study – Calotes versicolor (endoskeleton of Varanusinstead of Calotes)
___ 12 HrsUNIT – II
General Topics – Origin of reptiles – Snakes of India – Poisonapparatus and biting mechanism of snakes – Skull in reptiles –Golden age of reptiles – Extinct reptiles
___ 22 HrsUNIT – III
AVES : General characters and classification up to orders withexamples.
Type study – Columba livia
General Topics – Origin of birds – Ratitae – Flight adaptations– Migration in birds – Palate in birds – Birds are glorifiedreptiles.
___ 26 HrsUNIT – IV
MAMMALIA: General characters and classification up toorders with examples.
Type study – Oryctolagus cuniculus (= Rabbit)___ 12 Hrs
UNIT – V
General Topics – Adaptive radiation in mammals – Egg layingmammals – Marsupials – Aquatic mammals – Flying mammals– Dentition in mammals.
___ 18 Hrs15 16
TEXT BOOK:
1. Kotpal, R. L., Modern Text Book of Zoology –Vertebrates, Revised Edition (Reprint), Rastogi Publications,Meerut – 250 002.
REFERENCE:
1. Ayyar, E.K. and T.N. Ananthakrishnan, 1992. Manual ofZoology Vol. 1I (Chordata), S. Viswanathan (Printersand Publishers) Pvt Ltd., Madras, 891 pp.
2. Jordan, E.L. and P.S. Verma, 2009, Reprint, ChordateZoology, S. Chand & Co Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi.
3.Young, J. Z., 2004, The Life of Vertebrates, 3rd Edition,Oxford University Press, London.
4.Kashyap, V., 2011, A Text Book of Vertebrate Zoology,14th Edition,
5.Parker and Hanswell, 2004, Text Book of Zoology, Vol II(Chordata), A.Z.T,B.S. Publishers and Distributors, NewDelhi – 110 051.
6.Hickman, C.P. Jr., F.M.Hickuman and L.S. Roberts, 1984.Integrated Principles of Zoology, 7th Edition, TimesMerror/Mosby College Publication. St. Louis. 1065pp.
7.Nigam, H.C. 1983. Zoology of Chordates, VishalPublications, Jallandhar – 144 008, 942 pp
8.Newman, H.H., 1981. The Phylum Chordata, Satish BookEnterprises, Agra – 282 003, 477 pp.
9.Waterman, Allyn J. et.al.,1971. Chordate Structure andFunction, Mac Milan & Co., New York, 587 pp.
SEMESTER – IV
PAPER VI – MAJOR PRACTICAL II –CHORDATA – I & II
I. DISSECTIONAny Bony Fish:
1. External characters
2. Digestive system
3. Aortic arches
II. MOUNTING1. Scoliodon : Placoid scales.
2. Mugil : Ctenoid scales.
III – SPOTTERS ( If spotters are not available, diagramsmay be kept)
A- Classify giving reasons up to order:1. Balanoglossus
2. Herdmania (=Ascidian)
3. Branchiostoma (= Amphioxus)
4. Petromyzon
5. Scoliodon sorrakowah
6. Mugil oeur
7. Rana hexadactyla
8. Calotes versicolor
9. Columba livia
10. Oryctolagusc cuniculus
B - Draw labeled sketches:11. Amphioxus – T.S. through pharynx.
12. Doliolum
13. Salpa
17 18
14. Oryctolagus - Pectoral girdle
15. Oryctolagus - Pelvic girdle
16. Oryctolagus- Skull
17. Oryctolagus – Typical Vertebra
18. Narcine
19. Cynoglossus
20. Naja naja
21. Typhlops
22. Alcedo atthis (= King-fisher)
C- Comment on Biological significance:23.Tornaria larva
24. Ascidian Tadpole larva
25. Anabas scandens
26. Clarias batrachus
27. Hippocampus
28. Echeneis
29. Rhacophorus
30. Ichthyophis
31. Amblystoma
32. Axolotle larva
33. Proteus
34. Chamaeleon
35. Vipera russelli (= Russel’s viper)
36. Carapace
37. Plastron
38. Draco volans
39. Dinopium (= Wood pecker)
40. Bat
D – Comment on Skeleton/Palate/ Dentition:41. Rana – Pectoral girdle
42. Rana – Pelvic girdle
43. Pigeon – Palate
44. Duck - Palate
45. Crow – Palate
46. Dog – Dentition
47. Rabbit – Dentition
_______________&&&&&______________
SEMESTER - V
PAPER VII – CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
UNIT – I
History of cell biology – cell theory – cell as the basicunit of living organism – Cell fractionation, Homogenizationand Centrifugation – Isolation of sub-cellular components.Tissueculture and Cell culture techniques – Micro technique methods(fixation, embedding, Sectioning and staining)
___ 12 Hours
UNIT – II
Principles and working mechanism of light, phase-contrastand electron microscope (SEM & TEM) – Ultra structure ofanimal cell – Cytoplasm – structure, composition and functions– Cytoplasmic inclusions – Plasma membrane – ultra structure,chemical composition and functions
___ 12 Hours
UNIT – III
Cell organelles – Ultra structure, composition andfunctions of Endoplasmic reticulum, Ribosomes, Golgi
19 20
complex, Lysosomes, Centrioles, Mitochondria andMicrosomes.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – IV
Nucleus & Nucleolus – structure, composition andfunctions. Chromosomes – Heterochromatin and Euchromatin– Cell Cycle – Cell divisions and their significance – amitosis,mitosis and meiosis.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – V
Nucleic acids – Molecular structure of DNA and RNA –Types of RNA – DNA replication – Role of RNA and Ribosomein Protein Synthesis – Regulation of Protein Synthesis. Cancercells – Aging of cells – Stem cell studies.
___ 12 HoursText Book:
1. Verma, P.S., and V.K. Agarwal, 1995, Cell andMolecular Biology, 8th edition, S. Chand & Co.,New Delhi-110 055,567pp.
Reference Books:
1. De Robertis, E.D.P. and E.M.F. De Robertis, 2006, Cell& Molecular Biology, 8th Edition, Indian Reprint.
2. Rastogi, S.C., 2010, Cell and Molecular Biology, SecondEdition.
3. Sheeler, P. and Bianchi, D.E, 2009, Cell and MolecularBiology, 3rd Edition, Reprint 2010.
4. Vyas Mehta, 2011, Cell and Molecular Biology
5. Karp, 2010, Cell Biology 6th Edition.
6. Cohen, N. 1997, Cell Structure, function and metabolism.
7. Sadava, D.E., 2009, Cell Biology
8. Ambrose, E.J. and Dorothy, M. Easty, 1970. Cell Biology,Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd., 500pp.
9. Burke, Jack,D. 1970. Cell Biology, Scientific BookAgency, Culcutta.
10. Cohn, N.S., 1979. Elements of Cytology, Freeman BookCo., New Delhi – 110007, 495pp
11. Giese, A.C. 1979, Cell Physiology, Saunders Co.,Philadelphia, London, Toronto, 609pp
12. Power,C.B. 1989, Essentials of Cytology, HimalayaPublishing House, Bombay – 400 004, 368pp
13. Dowben, R. 1971, Cell Biology, Harper InternationalEdition, Harper and Row Publisher, New York, 565pp.
14. Veer Bala Rastogi, Introductory Cytology, Kedar NathRam Nath, Meerut – 250 001.
15. Loewy, A.G. and P. Sickevitz, 1969, Cell Structure andFunction, Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi-110 020,516pp.
16. Swansen, C.P. and P.L. Webster, 1989,The Cell , PrinticeHall, New Delhi-110 001,373pp
SEMESTER - V
PAPER VIII – GENETICSUNIT – I
Introduction to Genetics – Mendel and his experiments –Laws of Mendel – Monohybrid, Di-hybrid and Back or TestCross.
Interaction of genes – complimentary factors, supplementaryfactors, inhibitory factors and lethal factors – Atavism –Incomplete dominance – Co-dominance – Lethal genes.
___ 12 Hours
21 22
UNIT – II
Multiple alleles – characters of multiple alleles – Bloodgroups and their inheritance in man – Linkage and Crossingover – Linkage in Drosophila - Morgan’s experiments –complete and incomplete linkage – linkage groups. CrossingOver – types, mechanisms, cytological evidence for crossingover.
Mapping of chromosomes – interference and coincidence.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – III
Sex linkage in Drosophila and man – Sex limited and sexinfluenced genes - Non disjunction and Gynandromorphs –Cytoplasmic inheritance – Maternal effects of Limnaea (Shellcoiling), Male sterility (Rode’s experiment), CO
2 sensitivity in
Drosophila, Kappa particals in Paramecium and Milk factor inmice.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – IV
Fine structure of the gene – Cistron, Recon and Muton –Gene regulation – Operon concept – Lac operon
Mutation – Molecular basis of mutation – Types ofmutation – Mutagens – Mutable and mutator genes –Chromosomal aberrations with examples in man.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – V
Applied Genetics – Inbreeding – Out-breeding – Heterosis– Population genetics - Hardy-Weinberg Law – Gene Frequency– Factors affecting gene frequency – Eugenics, Euphenics andEuthenics – Inborn errors of metabolism – Inherited disordersin man. Genetic counseling
___ 12 Hours
Text Book:
1.Verma, P.S. and V.K. Agarwal, 2009, Genetics, RevisedEdition, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi – 110 055.
Reference Books:
1. Gardner, Simmons and Snustad, 2006, Principles ofGenetics, 8th Edition, Reprint 2011.
2. Singh, B.D., 2008 Reprint.
3. Snustad, 2010, Principles of Genetics, 5th InternationalEdition.
4. Ahluwalia, K.B., 2009, Genetics, Second Edition.
5. Chatterjee, S. and V.C. Chatterjee, 2009, Genetics.
6. Gunther, S. Stent, 1986, Molecular Genetics, MacmillanPublishing Co.,Inc.773pp
7. Goodenough, V., 1978,Genetics, 2nd edition, New York,Holt, Rinchart and Winston, 894pp
8. Hartl, D.L. and Freifelder, 1988,Basic Genetics, John &Barlett Publishers, 505pp
9. Watson, J.D. and W.A.Benjamin, 1976, MolecularBiology of the Gene, 3rd editionBenjamin Co., Inc. NewYork, 739pp
10. Winchester, 1967, Genetics, Oxford IBHPublications,504pp
11. Stickberger, 1968, Genetics, Macmillan Publications, NewYork, 914pp
12. Pai, A.C. 1974, Foundations of Genetics, McGraw HillPublications, New York, 464pp
13. Concepts of Genetics, Human Genetics & Eugenics – P.S.Verma & V. K. Agarwal, S. Chand Co., New Delhi.
23 24
SEMESTER – V
PAPER IX – ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY &BIOCHEMISTRY
UNIT – I
Introduction – Scope and fields of Physiology – Nutrition-Nutrients – Digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids –Role of gastrointestinal hormones in digestion - Absorption.
Enzymes – properties and classification – mechanism of enzymeaction – Enzyme kinetics.
Respiration – Respiratory organs – Respiratory pigments –distribution, composition, properties and functions. Transportof oxygen and carbon dioxide – Anaerobiosis.
Circulation – Types – Composition, and functions of blood –Coagulation of Blood- Types of heart – Cardiac cycle – Cardiacrhythm – origin of heart beat – regulation of heart beat – ECG –Ischemia – Myocardial infarction, Rheumatic heart disease –Stroke - Blood pressure.
___ 14 HoursUNIT – II
Excretion – Excretory organs – Kinds of excretory products –Ornithine cycle – mechanism of urine formation in mammals –hormonal regulation of excretion – renal failure - dialysis.
Osmoregulation – osmoconformers – osmoregulators – organsconcerned with osmo-ionic regulation (skin, gills and kidneys)– osmo-ionic regulation in aquatic and terrestrial animals.
Thermoregulation – acclimation and acclimatization – heat death– cold death – poikilotherms – heterotherms – homeotherms –temperature regulation in poikilotherms and homeotherms –physiology of hibernation – aestivation. Biorhythms – definition,types and examples.
___ 12 Hours
UNIT – III
Nerve physiology – Neuron – structure, types of neurons – giantnerve fibres – myelinated nerve fibres. Nerve impulse -definition – conduction of impulse – saltatory conduction –synapse – synaptic transmission – Reflex action.
Muscle-Types - structure - Muscle proteins – Theories of musclecontraction – Chemistry of muscle contraction – Cori’s cycle –muscle twitch – Tetanus – Muscle fatigue – isotonic andisometric contraction.
___ 10 HoursUNIT – IV
Endocrine glands – structure, secretions and functions ofendocrine glands in vertebrates – Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid,Adrenal, Thymus, Islets of Langerhans, Sex organs – Crustaceanand Insect Endocrinology.
Receptors _ Classification - Chemoreceptors – touch receptors– equilibrium receptors – Photoreceptor – vertebrate mammalianeye – physiology of vision – Compound eyes and Mosaic vision.Phonoreceptors – mammalian ear – Physiology of hearing.
___ 10 HoursUNIT – V
Biochemistry - Definition and Scope - Biological properties,classification and structure of of Carbohydrates – Proteins –Fats.
Metabolism – metabolic pathways with reference toCarbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids – Glycogenesis –Glycogenolysis – Gluconeogenesis – Glycolysis – Kreb’s cycle– Oxidative phosphorylation – Electron Transport System.Deamination – Transamination - Fate of Keto acids – Nitrogenmetabolism – Beta oxidation of fatty acids – Basal metabolism– BMR.
___ 14 Hours
25 26
Text books:
1.Verma, P.S., B.S. Tyagi and V.K.Agarwal, 2000, AnimalPhysiology, 6th Edition, S.Chand & Co. New Delhi,447 pp.
2.Veerakumari, L. 2005 Biochemistry, MJP Publishers,Chennai.
Reference Books:
1. Rastogi, S.C., 2007, Essentials of Animal Physiology, 4th
Edition.
2. Eckert and Randal, 2005, Animal Physiology :Mechanisms and Adaptations, 2nd Edition.
3. Jain, J.L, Jain, S and N. Jain, 2009, Fundamentals ofBiochemistry, S.Chand & Co. New Delhi.
4. Rastogi, S.C., 2007, Outlines of Biochemistry : A QuickReview.
5. Gupta, 2010, Text book of Biochemistry.
6. Singh, S. P., 2012, Text book of Biochemistry, 5th Edition.
7. Sambasivaiah, Kamalakara Rao and Augustine Chellappa,1990. A textbook of Animal Physiology and Ecology,S.Chand & Co.Ltd., New Delhi – 110 055, 480 pp.
8. Parameswaran, Anantakrishnan and Ananta Subramanian,1975. Outlines of Animal Physiology, S.Viswanathan(Printers & Publishers) Pvt.Ltd., 329 pp.
9. William S.Hoar, 1976. General and ComparativePhysiology, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi –110 001, 848 pp.
10. Wood, D.W., 1983. Principles of Animal Physiology,3rd Ed.
11. Prosser C.L., 1985. Comparative Animal Physiology,Satish Book Enterprise, Agra – 282 003, 966 pp.
12. Goel, K.A., and K.V. Sastry, 1984. A Text book of AnimalPhysiology, Rostogi publication, Meerut.
13. Berry, A.K. A Text book of Animal Physiology with relatedBiochemistry, Emkay Publications, New Delhi
14. William Hoar, 1976, general and comparative Physiology,Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.
15. Singh, H.D., 2004, Text book of human Physiology,S.Chand &Co. New Delhi.
SEMESTER – V
PAPER X – BIOSTATISTICS AND COMPUTERAPPLICATIONS IN LIFE SCIENCES
UNIT – I
Biostatistics – Definition and Scope – Collection of Data– Census and sampling methods – Variable - Discrete andContinuous – Presentation of Data - Classification andtabulation -Diagrams and graphs - Bar, Pie, Histogram & Linegraph – Concept of statistical population and samplecharacteristics of frequency distribution.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – II
Measures of Central tendency - Mean, Median, Mode &Weighted Arithmetic mean – Measures of Dispersion - Range,Quartile deviation, Mean deviation & Standard deviation –Correlation and Regression.
___ 12 Hours
27 28
UNIT – III
Samples – Types of samples -Sampling & Test ofsignificance - large sample test – test for proportions – smallsample test - Student – t test, F test, X2 – test of independency-Contingency table.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – IV
Definition of Computer – Basic components of computer– Input / output devices – CPU – Memory and its types.
MS – Word : File operations – New, Open, Save & Print– Editing – Cut, Copy, Paste, Find & Replace – Insert – Pagenumbers & Pictures – Format – Font, Bullet and Numbering,Paragraph & Background – Tools – Spelling & Grammar – Data– Sort.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – V
MS – Excel : Presentation of Biostatistical data usingExcel – Auto-sum, Paste function, Chart wizard, Sortfunction & Drawing.
Use of Internet, Messenger and e-mail – Basic knowledgeof Medical transcription and Bio – informatics.
___ 12 HoursText Book:
1.Gurumani, N. 2004, Introduction to Bio-statistics, M.J.P.Publishers, Delhi.
2.Rajaraman, V., 2010, Fundamentals of Computers, 5th
Edition
Reference Books:
1.Annadurai, B., 2007, A Text Book of Biostatistics, 1st
Edition.
2.Banerjee, P.K., 2009, Introduction to Biostatistics (A TextBook of Biometry).
3.Daniel, W.W., 2009, Biostatistics : Basic concepts andMethodology, 9th Edition, Reprint 2011.
4.Sinha, P.K. and P. Sinha., 2011, Computer Fundamentals(Book + CD Rom)
5.Sudipto Das, 2010, A Complete Guide to ComputerFundamentals , 1st Edition
6.Dixit, J.B., 2010, Fundamentals of Computers, 1st Edition
7.Sharma. R., 2010, Computer Fundamentals.
SEMESTER – VI
PAPER XI – ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY &EVOLUTION
UNIT – I
Scope – Concept – Branches in Ecology – Autecology &Synecology –Micro & Macro environment – Types of mediaand substratum – their influence on animals.
Biosphere – Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, Stratosphere –Biocoenosis (Community) & Biogeocoenosis (Ecosystem).
Abiotic factors – Water, Soil, Light and Temperature
Biotic factors – Animal relationships – Symbiosis,Commensalism, Mutualism, Antagonism, Predation, Parasitismand Competition.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – II
Biogeochemical cycles – Nitrogen, Carbon and Oxygen.
29 30
Ecosystem – Pond ecosystem – Primary and secondaryproduction – Food chain – Food web – Trophic levels – Energyflow – Ecological Pyramids – Pyramid of Biomass, Number &Energy.
Terrestial Ecology – Biomes – Characters – tundra, grassland, forest and desert biomes – Types of forests in India –Adaptations of animals inhabiting deserts.
___ 10 HoursUNIT - III
Fresh Water Ecology – Physico-chemical nature of freshwater – Biotic communities – lentic (lakes and ponds) and lotic(river) environment – Stratification of ponds & lakes
Marine Ecology – Characteristics – salinity, temperature,pressure, zonation & stratification – Biotic communities ofpelagic, benthic, intertidal (rocky shore, sandy shore & muddyshore) and sublittoral zones – Coral reefs.
Estuarine Ecology – Characteristics – Bioticcommunities and their adaptations.
___ 10 HoursUNIT – IV
Population Ecology – Population – definition –Characteristics – Natality, Mortality, Population density –Density dependant factors – Population fluctuations – Agepyramids – Population growth, estimation, equilibrium andregulation.
Community Ecology – Types of communities –Characteristics of community – Stratification – Ecotone – Edgeeffect – Ecological niche – Ecological succession.
Pollution -– Types – Creators of pollution (pollutants) –Air Pollution & Water pollution – their biological effect andcontrol.
Wild Life Management – Preservation – laws enforced– Sanctuaries & National Parks – Natural ResourcesManagement – Renewable (forest, fishes & crops) and Non-renewable (fossil fuels, metals & minerals).
___ 12 HoursUNIT – V : Evolution
Theories & Trends
Lamarckism and Neo-Lamarckism – Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism – Mutation Theory – Geological time scale – Fossils& Fossilization – Dating of Fossil – Living and Extinct Fossils.
Mimicry & Colouration – Batesian and Mullerian –Convergent, Divergent and Parallel Evolution – Co-evolution.
Isolating mechanisms – different types – Species Concept– definition and origin of species – Allopatric and Sympatricspeciation – Genetic drift – Founder’s Principle.
Evolutionary Processes
Evolution of Horse in the New World and Old World –Evolution of Man – cultural and biological.
___ 16 HoursText Book:
1.Verma, P.S. and V.K. Agarwal, 2005, EnvironmentalBiology,14th edition, S. Chand & Co., Ram Nagar, NewDelhi – 110 055, 590pp
2.Verma, P.S. and V.K. Agarwal, 2002, Concept ofEvolution, S. Chand & Co., Ram Nagar, New Delhi –110 055.
Reference Books :
1. Dash, M.C., 2001, Fundamentals of Ecology, 2nd Edition.
2. Trivedi, P.R., 2009, Ecolohy and Environment
31 32
3. Odum, E.P. and G. W. Barrett, 2010, Fundamentals ofEcology, 5th Edition.
4. Kaushik, A., 2008, Perspectives in Environmental Studies,3rd Edition.
5. Smith, T.M. and R.L. Smith, 2007, Elements of Ecology.
6. Sharma, P.D., 2009, Ecology and Environment, 10th
Edition.
7. Anil Kumar De, 2009, Basics of Environmental Studies,1st Edition.
8. Clarke, G.L., Elements of Ecology, John Wiley & son Inc.,New York, London 534pp.
9. Colbert, E. H., M. Morales and E.C. Minkoff, 2011,Evolution of the Vertebrates.
10. Barton, Briggs, Eisen, Goldstein and Patel, 2007,Evolution.
PAPER XII – DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY &IMMUNOLOGY
UNIT – I
Origin of germ cells – Gametogenesis - Process ofSpermatogenesis and Oogenesis – Types of Sperms – Types ofeggs and egg membranes – Structure of Sperm and Ovum inmammals.
Fertilization – Acrosomal reaction, Cortical reaction,Physiological & biochemical changes and significance.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – II
Cleavage – Types of cleavage patterns – Controllingfactors and laws in cleavage – Fate maps in frog and chick.
Blastulation & Gastrulation in Amphioxus, Frog andChick – Organogenesis – Development of Brain, Eye and Earin Vertebrate – Extra-embryonic membranes – Placentation inmammals.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – III
Human Reproduction : Puberty – Menstrual cycle –Menopause – Pregnancy and related problems – ArtificialInsemination – Cryopreservation – IVF – Embryo Transfer andits advantages - Test Tube Baby – Amniocentesis – SuperOvulation –Ethics in Artificial Reproductive Technology andembryo manipulation.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – IV: Immunology
History of Immunology – Immunohaematology – Bloodtransfusion – Rh-compatibilities – Innate & Acquired Immunity– Structure, composition and functions of cells and organsinvolved in immune system – Microbial infections – Virulenceand host resistance related immunity.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – V
Antigens – types, properties- Haptens – Adjuvants –Vaccines – types – Toxoids – Antitoxins – Immunoglobulins –structure, types, and properties – Theories of antibody production– Complement structure, properties, function and pathway –Antigen-antibody reaction – in-vitro methods – Agglutination– Precipitation – Complement fixation – Immuno-fluorescence– ELISA – RIA.
___ 12 HoursText Book:
1.Verma P.S., V.K.Agarwal and Tyagi 1995, ChordateEmbryology, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi 110 055, 420pp.
33 34
2.Chakravarthy, A. K.(1996) Immunology, Tata Mc GrawHill, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Arumugam N. A Textbook of Chordate Embryology –Saras Publication – 420 pp.
3. Balinsky, B.L. 1981, Introduction to Embryology,Saunders College Publishing, 768 pp
4. Berrill, N.J., 1986, Developmental Biology, Tata McGrawHill Publishing Co. Ltd., 534 pp
5. Nelson O.E., 1953. Comparative Embryology of theVertebrates. The Blakiston Co. Inc. New York, Toronto,982 pp.
6. Raven, P. 1959, Developmental Physiology, PergamonPress, 230 pp.
7. Roitt I.M. 2000 Essential Immunology. BlackwellScientific Publishers
8. Kuby, J. 1999, Immunology W.H. Freeman and Company,New York.
PAPER XIII – MICROBIOLOGY &BIOTECHNOLOGY.
UNIT – I
History and Scope of Microbiology – Classification ofmicro-organisms – Salient features of Bacteria, Virus,Actinomycetes and Fungi – Structure and Reproduction ofViruses (T
4 phage & HIV) – Bacterial growth and nutritional
requirements.
Culture of micro-organisms – Types of culture media –Cultural characteristics of bacteria – methods of maintenance
of culture – Reproduction in Bacteria – Bacterial recombination,conjugation, transformation and transduction – Sterilizationtechniques.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – II
Dairy Microbiology – Pasteurization – Milk products –curd, butter and cheese
Food Microbiology – Fermented food - Food spoilage -Food poisoning – Physiochemical methods in food preservation.
Soil Microbiology – Common soil microbes – Symbioticand asymbiotic organisms
Water Microbiology - Microbiology of drinking water –waterborne diseases.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – III
Study of common bacterial and viral diseases of man –Diseases of gastro-enteric system (Cholera, Typhoid & Hepatitis)– Diseases of Respiratory system (Diphtheria, Whooping cough& Tuberculosis) – Diseases of Nervous system (Meningitis,Tetanus & Polio) – Diseases of Genital system (Gonorrhoea,Syphilis & AIDS) – their causative organism, mode oftransmission, pathogenicity, symptoms and preventive measures.
___ 12 HoursUNIT – IV: Biotechnology
Definition – Scope and importance of Biotechnology –Recombinant DNA technology – Application of geneticrecombinant technology in human health and agriculture.
Genetic Engineering - Restriction enzymes – nuclease,ligase, polymerase and reverse transcriptase – PCR
___ 12 Hours
35 36
UNIT – V
Gene cloning – Cloning Vectors – plasmids, phages,cosmids and phasmids – cDNA Library – Gene Bank (GenomicLibrary).
Production of biotechnological products – food SCP(algae, yeast, mushroom) – Biofertilizer – Biofuel –Biopesticides – Biogas production – waste and sewagemanagement.
Enzyme Biotechnology – sources and production ofcommercially important enzymes cellulose, amylase, pectinaseand proteinase.
___ 12 HoursText Book:
1.Dubey, R.C. 1995, A Text Book of Biotechnology,S.Chand & Co. Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi – 110 055.
2.Sundara Rajan, S, 2002, College Microbiology – Vol. I toIV, Vardhana Publications, Bangalore – 560 095.
Reference Books:
1. Pelczar Jr. M.J. Chan E.C.S. and Kreig N.R. 2001Microbiology – McGraw Hill Inc. New York.
2. Stainer R.Y., Ingraham J.L., Wheelis M.L. and PainterP.R. 1999 General Microbiology – Macmillan EducationLtd. London.
3. Biotechnology Fundamentals and applications – PurohitMathur.
4. Gene cloning and Introduction – T.A. Brown.
5. Higgins I.J., Best G.J., and Jones J. 1996, Biotechnology– Principles and applications, Blackwell ScientificPublications, Oxford London.
6. Gupta P.K. Elements of Biotechnology 2001, RastogiPublications, Meerut.
PAPER XIV – MAJOR PRACTICAL III
CELL BIOLOGY, GENETICS,ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
CELL BIOLOGY
1. Micrometry – Use of Microscopes, Camera Lucida, Stageand Ocular Micrometer.
2. Blood smear preparation – Differential Count of WBC.
3. Counting of RBC and WBC using Haemocytometer(Demostration only)
4. Mounting of Buccal epithelium and observing living cellsusing vital staining.
5. Mitosis in Onion root tip squash
6. Meiosis in grasshopper testis squash
7. Study of prepared slides of histology
a. Columnar epithelium b. Ciliated epithelium
c. Glandular epithelium d. Areolar Connective tissue
e. Cartilage T.S. f. Bone T.S.
g. Cardiac tissue h. Striated muscle
i. Non striated muscle j. Nervous tissue
k. Ovary T.S. l. Testis T.S.
GENETICS
8. Study of the biology of Drosophila.
9. Observation of Common mutants of Drosophila
10. Human blood grouping.37 38
4. Study on Normal Karyotype - male and female, Downsyndrome, Turner and Klinefelter syndrome
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
11. Use of Kymograph unit, B.P. apparatus, Respirometer.
12. Survey of Digestive enzymes in cockroach.
13. Estimation of Oxygen consumption in a fish withreference to body weight.
14. Detection of nitrogenous waste products in fish tank water,frog tank water, bird excreta and mammalian urine.
BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Qualitative analysis of sugar (Glucose, Fructose, Lactose,Starch, Dextrin)
2. Estimation of Glycogen (Anthrone method)(Demonstration)
3. Estimation of Protein (Biuret method) (Demonstration)
PAPER XV – PRACTICAL IV –ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY, MICROBIOLOGY,
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTALBIOLOGY
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
1. Estimation of Dissolved Oxygen, Salinity, pH, free CO2,
Carbonates and Bicarbonates, Calcium in water samples.
2. Use of Rain Guage, Maximum & Minimum Thermometer,Hygrometer, Anemometer and Barometer.
3. Plankton study – Fresh water and marine planktons.
4. Adaptations of aquatic and terrestrial animals based on astudy of museum specimens. Such as rocky, sandy, muddyshore animals, flying and burrowing animals.
5. Study of natural ecosystem and field report of the visit.
MICROBIOLOGY
1. Identification and Study of Bacteria and Virus:
a) Escherichia coli b) Bacteriophage
2. Identification and Study of Protozoan Parasites:
a) Entamoeba b) Plasmodium
3. Identification and Study of Equipments used inMicrobiology:
a) Autoclave b) Hot Air Oven
BIOTECHNOLOGY
1.a) Plasmid b) c DNA Library c) PCRd) Southern Blotting Techniques.
2.Visit to a Biotechnology / Microbiology Laboratory andreport
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Study of the following prepared slides, museum specimens andmaterials.
1. Sections of testis and ovary showing the maturation stagesof gametes.
2. Slides of mammalian Sperm and Ovum.
3. Study of Egg types – Frog’s egg, Hen’s egg.
4. Slides of cleavage stages, blastula, gastrula and neurulaof frog.
39 40
5. Slides of different stages of chick embryo. 18 Hours(primitive streak stage), 24 Hours, 48 Hours, 72 hoursand 96 Hours.
6. Placenta of sheep, Pig and Man.
____________&&&&&_____________
ELECTIVE SUBJECTS
1. BIOINFORMATICS
Unit I
Computer networking LAN, WAN, MODEM and FiberOptics Networks – Introduction to Internet, WWW, NICNET,ERNET, VSNL, ISDN.
Unit II
Database – Definitions – Biological database – PrimaryDatabase (EMBL, Genebank, DDBJ) – Protein Databases(SWISS – PROT, TREMBL, NRL – 3D PIR MIPS); - Secondarydatabases (PROSITE, PFAM, BLOCKS, PRINTS IDENTIFY)– Composite databases (NRDB, OWL MIPSX); - Proteinstructure databases (PDB, MMDB).
Unit III
Pair wise alignment – Local and global alignment –BLAST, FASTA, Multiple Sequence Analysis (MSA).
Unit IV
Evolution of Bio-informatics – Potentials of bio-informatics – Human Genome Project – bio-informatics in India– Future in Bio-informatics.
Unit V
Scope of Bio-informatics – Useful Bio-informatics sites– Bio-informatics in Pharmaceutical industry – Bio-informaticsorientation in IT industry.
Text book: T.K. Attwood and D.J. Parry, 2004. Smith,Introduction to bioinformatics, Pearson Education Ltd., NewDelhi.
Reference Books:
1. Arthur M. Lesk, 2003. Introduction to bioinformatics,Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
2. S. Sundara Rajan and R. Balaji, 2002, Introduction toBioinformatics, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
3. Irfan A. Khan and Atiya Khanum,2002. Emerging trendsin Bioinformatics, Ukaaz Publications, Andhara Pradesh.
2. MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES ANDBIOINSTRUMENTATION
Unit I
Introduction – Scope of the subject. Collection ofspecimens, records and preparation of reports. Cleaning,maintenance and care of glasswares.
Unit II
Sterilization – Physical and Chemical methods. Disposalof specimens and infected materials, safety precautions and firstaid treatment for superficial wounds, burns, chemical poisoning,contamination of infected microbiological specimens andelectric shock.
41 42
Unit III
Urine: Analysis of urine samples, chemical parametersroutinely required to be analysed. Pregnancy test. Analysis ofstools, semen, cerebrospinal fluid for chemical investigation.
Unit IV
Pathology: Organisms causing infectious diseases.Viruses – Measles, Poliomyelitis, Hepatitis, HIV. Bacteria –Tuberculosis, Whooping cough – Tetanus – Diptheria, Cholera.Protozoans – Amoebic dysentery, Malaria, Leismaniasis.Helminths – filariasis, Cysticercasis.
Unit V
Principles use and maintenance of laboratoryinstruments like Autoclave, hot air oven, Incubators, Water bath,Refrigerator, Centrifuge, Colorimeter, pH meter,Haemoglobinometer, Haemocytometer, Microtomes, balances.
Text book: SOOD RAMNIK, 1985. Medical LaboratoryTechnology. Japee brothers, New Delhi, 384 pp.
Reference Book:
BAKER F.J. and SILVERTON R.E. Introduction to MedicalLaboratory Technology.
3. PISCICULTURE AND AQUARIUM FISH KEEPING
Unit I
Scope of fishery, Definition of extensive aquaculture –Selection of site -Construction – preparation of pond – Watersupply – Control of aquatic weeds, weed fishes, predator fishesand aquatic insects..
Unit II
Reproductive system, Breeding and Spawning, Maturity
stages (Morphological and Histological), Developmental stagesof fish and fresh water prawn. Water quality management,fertilization of pond, procurement of seed, transport of seed,stocking, natural and artificial feed, aeration, harvesting andmanagement. Fish farm implements.
Unit III
Induced Breeding of Major Carps. Bundh breeding -Different types of ponds in intensive aquaculture. Prawn culture,pearl culture and brackish water fish culture methods.
Unit IV
Age determination, Schooling in fish, Fish migration,Mass mortality in fishes and control measures, Common fishdiseases and control, Fish parasites, Fresh water fish foodorganisms.
Unit V
Varieties of aquarium fishes, Home aquarium &maintenance. Public health fishes.
Text Book: Jhingran, V.G., 1985. Fish and Fisheries of Inia,Hindustan Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 666 pp.
Reference Books:
1. Trivedi, K.K. (Ed), 1986. Fisheries Development, 2000A.D. Association of India Fisheries Industries, Oxfordand I.B.H., New Delhi, 268 pp.
1. Bal, D.V. and K.V. Rao, 1984. Marine Fisheries, TataMcGraw Hill, New Delhi. 470 pp.
2. Bardah, Ryther and McLarrey, 1972. Aquaculture, JohnWiley, New York, 868 pp.
3. Shapherd and Bromage, 1988. Intensive Ship Farming,BSP Professional Books, London, 404 pp.
43 44
4. David Cushing, 1979. Fisheries Resources of the Sea andtheir Managements OUP & ELBS Edition, London, 87pp.
5. Mills, Dick, 1993. Aquarium Fish, DK Publishing Inc.,New York – 100 016.
6. Spotte, S., 1991. Captive Seawater fishes, Argent chemicalLaboratories Reference Library, Seattle WA, USA.
4. SERICULTURE AND APICULTURE
Unit I
History of Sericulture: Types of Silkworm – Mulberry,tasar, muga and eri. Mulberry Silkworms: Morphology and Lifecycle of silkworms. Silkworm rearing: Rearing house andequipments.
Unit II
Silk reeling: Selection of raw material for reeling –Storage and preservation of raw materials. Marketing and therole of Central Silk Board in the Development of sericulture.
Unit III
Apiculture: Bee keeping down the ages – Present statusof Apiculture in India – Species of Honey bees. Embryologyand life history – Anatomy and Physiology of honey bee.
Unit IV
Bee colony, Castes. Natural colonies and their yield.Types of beehives – structure – location, care and management.
Unit V
Honey yield in national and international market. Usesof honey and beeswax in Indian medicine.
Reference Books:
1. Manual of Silkworm Rearing: Manual of MulberryCultivation by Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO),United States.
2. Yoshimaro Tanaka. Sericology, central Silk Board, 99-B,Meghdoot, Merine Drive, Bombay-
3. Yokoyama, T. synthesized science of Sericulture.
4. Kovaleve, P.A. Silkworm breeding Stocks, Central SilkBoard, Merine Drive, Bombay.
5. NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers. 2007 Publisher:NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES.
6. Singh, D., Singh, D. Pratap. 2006. A Handbook ofBeekeeping. AGROBIOS (INDIA)
7. Sardar Singh. Bee keeping in India.
8. Cherian and Ramanathan, S. Bee keeping in south India.
9. Sharma P.L. and Singh, S.H. Book of Bee keeping
5. ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AND PESTMANAGEMENT
Unit I
Brief account of morphology, classification (Majororders) and development (Metamorphosis) of insects.
Unit II
Beneficial and harmful insects. Economic importanceof honeybees, silkworm and lac insect – parasitic and predatoryinsects. Damages to plants, animals and man by insects. Briefaccount of any three pests of 1. Rice, Cholam and Pulses2. Sugarcane 3. Cotton 4. Groundnut, Gingely and Coconut
45 46
5. Brinjal, Tomato and Lady’s finger 6. Cardomam, Chilies, teaand Coffee 7. Mango and Citrus.
Unit III
Insect pests of stored grains – Insect vectors of plants,animals and man – Other insects affecting the health of mandomestic animals.
Unit IV
Insect pest control methods (Physical, mechanical,biological and chemical) – Classification of pesticides and theirmodes of action.
Unit V
Plant protection appliances used – basic principles ofinsecticide formulations and their application in pest control.Pesticides and environmental pollution – precautions in handlingpesticides.
Text book: David, B.V. and T. Kumarasamy, 1984. Elementsof Economic Entomology, Popular Book Depot, Madras, 536pp.
Reference Books:
1. Nayar, K.K., T.N. Ananthakrishnan and B.V. David. 1992.General and Applied Entomology. Tata McGraw HillPublishing Co., Ltd., New Delhi – 110 051.
2. David, B.V., 1992. Pest Management and Pesticides IndianScenario, Namratha Publications, Madras.
3. Metcalf, C.L. and W.P. Flint, 1973. Desctructive andUseful Insects. 4th Ed., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co.Ltd., New Delhi – 110 051, 1087 pp.
4. Roya D.N. and A.W.A. Brown (Eds), 1981. Entomology
Medical and Veterinary (3rd Ed.) The Bangalore Printingand Publishing Company, Bangalore –18.
5. Ramakrishna Iyer, T.V., Economic Entomology,Government Publications. Madras.
6. POULTRY AND DAIRY SCIENCE
UNIT I:
Poultry industry in India and World. Poultry population- eggand meat production status- Commercial poultry farming-Nutritive value of egg and meat- Poultry housing and equipment-Location of poultry farm- Systems of rearing.
UNIT II:
Broiler management (Definition; Housing and equipment;Brooding, feeding and health cover of broilers; Record keeping;Broiler integration)- Layer management (Brooder; Grower andlayer management; Culling of layers; Marketing of eggs andmeat)-Quail and Turkey management (Feeding; Health cover;Marketing Strategy).Common poultry diseases and their controlincluding bio-security.
UNIT III:
Breeds of dairy cattle and buffaloes (breeds description- exotic-indigenous)- Artificial insemination programme- Dairy cattlemanagement (general principles- housing- water supply- careduring pregnancy- care of new born calf) –Dairy cattle nutrition-feeds and fodders- feeding standards.
UNIT IV:
Live stock diseases: Viral diseases – rinderpest, Foot and mouthdisease and cow pox. Bacterial diseases – Mastitis, Anthrax,Tuberculosis, Haemorrhagic – septicaemia, Brucellosis.Metabolic disorders – Milk fever, ketosis and bloat. A briefaccount of external and internal parasites.
47 48
UNIT V:
Dairy Technology & Marketing: Milk – composition andNutritive value – Techniques to detect milk adulteration –Spoilage of milk – pasteurization of milk – Preparation of Dahi,Butter and Ghee. Role of Co-operative societies in milkproduction& Marketing.
Text book:
1. Gopalakrishnan C.A and G.Murley Mohan Lal 1997,Livestock and Poultry enterprises for rural development, Vikash,New Delhi.
Reference books:
1. Gnaanamani M.R., 1998 Modern aspects of commercialpoultry keeping, Giri.
2. Banarjee G.C., 1992 Poultry, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
3. Chauhan H.V.S. and S.Roy, Poultry diseases, diagnosisand treatment New Age International, 1996.
4. John William S. (Ed) Poultry for sustainable FoodProduction and Livelihood. Loyola Publication, Chennai,2003
5. ICAR, 1997 Handbook of Animal Husbandary- The IndianCouncil of Agricultural Research New Delhi
6. Jeergenson E.M and W.P. Mortenson, 1996 ApprovedPractices in Dairying, Oxford & IBH, Calcutta.
7. Sukumar, D.E. 2002 Outline of Dairy Technology, OxfordUni, New Delhi
8. Revives P.M.and Henderson, 1969 Dairy Cattle Feedingand Management Wiley Estern, New Delhi
9. Eckles C.H nd E.L.Anthony, 2001 Dairy Cattle and MilkProduction, Biotech
NON-MAJOR ELECTIVES
I Semester II Semester(Any one subject of the (Any one subject of thefollowing Non Major Elective following Non Major Electivechosen by the candidate) chosen by the candidate)
1. Aquaculture 1. Dairy Farming
2. Vermi 2. Poultry Science & technology Management
3. Human Genetics 3. Public Health & Hygiene
1. AquacultureUnit – I
History of aquaculture – Purpose and importance of aquaculture– Physical and chemical characteristics features of water bodies(Freshwater brackish water and marine water) – Types of culturesystems (Traditional, intensive, semi-intensive and extensive)– Levels of management (Zero level, I level, II level and IIIlevel) – Feeding habits of cultivable aquaculture species.
Unit – II
Selection criteria for cultivable species – Site selection for fishfarming – construction of fish and prawn ponds – Types of fishponds (breeding pond, hatchery unit, brooders pond, nurserypond, stocking pond and rearing pond) – Maintenance andmanagement of different ponds. Feeds for cultivable species –natural, supplementary and artificial feeds.
Unit – III
Types of culture – Monoculture, Monosex-culture & Poly culture– Integrated fish farming (paddy cum fish culture, paddy cum
49 50
prawn culture and Duck cum pig cum fish culture) – Inducedbreeding in Indian major carps – Live feed culture (Rotifersand Artemia) – Carp culture (poly culture / Composite fishculture).
Unit – IV
Culture of air-breathing fishes (Mullet and Cat fish) Monosexculture of Tilapia – Culture of Mullet (Mugil sp.) – Sewage fedfish culture – culture of pearl oyster and edible oyster.
Unit – V
Culture of marine and freshwater prawns – Common fishdiseases (bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic diseases) –Prevention and treatment – Fishing technology (Crafts and gears)– Preservation and processing of fish and prawn – Agenciesinvolved in aquaculture.
Text books:
1. R. Santhanam, N. Sukumaran and Natarajan, - A manual offresh water aquaculture, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co Pvt.Ltd., Mumbai.
2. B.N. Yadav, - Fish and fisheries, Daya Publishing House,Delhi.
Reference books:
1. Mathew Landan, 1991. Introduction to aquaculture, JohnWilay and Sons Inc..
2. V.R.P. Sinha, 1993. Acompendium of aquacultureTechnologies for developing countries, Oxford and IBHPublishing Company PVT. Ltd.
3. V.G. Jhingran,1991. Fish and fisheries of India, HindustanPublishing Corporation, Delhi.
4. T.V.R. Pillay – Aquaculture principles and practives,Fishing new Books, Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford.
5. Shanmugam, K. 1990. Fishery Biology and Aquaculture,Hindustan Pub. Corporation, New Delhi.
6. C.V. Kurian and Sebastein – Prawn and Prawn fisheriesof India, Hindustan Publishing House, New Delhi.
7. Elvire Balugal, A. 1984. Aquaculture systems andpractices – A selected Review, Daya Publishing House,New Delhi.
8. B.N.Yadav, 1995. Fish Endocrinology, Daya PublishingHouse, New Delhi.
2. Vermitechnology
UNIT I:
Introduction: Definition and concept of vermiculture. Soil: majortypes (red soil, black soil, alluvial soil). Influence of soilorganisms in vermitechnology- bacteria, earthworms,entomofauna mites etc. Litter degradation and decomposition.Problems in vermiculture and remedial solutions.
UNIT II:
Types of earthworms: Endemic and exotic species ofearthworms. Ecological classification of earthworms- epigeic,anecic and endogeic forms. Physical, chemical and biologicalchanges caused by earthworms in soil- drilospheres andvermicasts.
UNIT III:
Vermicomposting- Vermicomposting materials,Vermicomposting methods (raised bed method and pot method).Establishment of vermiculture unit: materials required andmaintenance of vermiculture unit.
51 52
UNIT IV:
Vermicompost - harvesting of vermicompost - quality, propertiesand advantages over chemical fertilizers, packaging andmarketing- cost benefit analysis.
UNIT V:
Natural enemies of earthworms- Pests, parasites and pathogensaffecting earthworms. Uses of earthworms in food and medicine-ayurvedic and unani medicine. Recycling of food wastes invermitechnology. Application and scope of vermitechnology.
Text Books:
1. Ismail,S.A. 1997. Vermicology. The biology ofEarthworm.Orient Longman, India, 92 pp.
2. Ranganathan, L.S. – 2006 – Vermicomposting technology –from soil health to human health.
Reference books:
1.E.L. Jordan and P.S.Verma.1993. Invertebrate Zoology,12 th Edition, S.Chand & Co., Delhi.
2.Naren kumar, Dutta ,Principles and practice of soilscience.
3.N.S. Subba Rao, Soil Microbiology.4.P.K.Gupta, Vermicomposting.5.T.V Sathe , Vermiculture and Organic Farming
3. Human GeneticsUnit – I
Introduction: The growth of Human Genetics. Humanchromosomes: preparation of human Chromosome complement;Banding techniques; Karyotype preparation; classification;application. Chromosome mapping; cytological maps; cloningand gene arrangement. Human genome project; Social ethical
and legal implications. Modes of inheritance; Pedigree charts;construction of pedigree charts for autosomal dominant andrecessive traits, sex linked recessive traits and Y linked traits.
Unit – II
Multiple allelic inheritance; ABO blood groups; Rh blood groupand significance. Polygenic inheritance; skin colour in man andIntelligence. Sex determination – heterogametic theory; Hyantigens; SRY genes; Sex chromatin; Lyon hypothesis. Sexlimited and sex influenced genes. Chromosome aromalies;Syndromes – Down, Klinefelter, Turner, XYY, Intersex, Cri-du-chat, Philadelphia.
Unit – III
Common genetic disorders: Metabolic blocks in phenylalaninemetabolism albinism. Genetic cause, diagnosis and treatmentof the following disorders – thalassemia and sickle cell anemia,Haemophilia, muscular dystrophy, Diabetes and hypertension.G6PD and favism – Primaquine sensitivity. Congenital defects– Critical period in fetal development - chromosome anomaliesand spontaneous absorption.
Unit – IV
Genes and mental illness; Schizophrenia and psychosis, self-multilation and Lesh Nyhan syndrome. Immunogenetics:Antibody diversity; histocompatiblity; HLA genes. Heritabilityand Environment: Twin studies and impact of environmentalfactors on heredity. DNA polymorphism – DNA profiling andapplications. Dermatoglyphics and genetic analysis.
Unit – V
Genetic counseling – Determining risk; consanguinity;Teratogen; age 35 threshold; strategies – Prenatal diagnosis:Ultrasound scanning; Amniocentesis; Chronic villus sampling;
53 54
AFP Test; Triple test; genetic screening; options available.Management of genetic disorders: Therapeutic measures; Genetherapy; alternative reproductive technologies; stem cell therapy.Cancer and genes; protocogenes, oncogenes and artincogenes;BRAC genes.
Text Book:
1. Edlin.G. (1984) Human Genetics, Jones and Bartlettpublishers, Boston.
Reference Books
1. Elane Mangae and Mangae (1993), Human genetics.Freeman and company.
2. Ricki. L. (1994) Human Genetics. WCB Publishers.
3. Sam Singer (1985) Human Genetics, Freeman andCompany, New York.
4. Ursula Good enough (1985) Genetics. Holt Reinhartand Winstan New York.
II SEMESTER
1. Dairy FarmingUnit – I
Dairy breeds & breeding: Scope of Dairy farming – Dairy breedsof India – cattle & buffaloes – Exotic cattle breeds. Selection ofdairy cows. Systems of breeding – Hybrid vigour – grading-up,pure breeding .Merits and demerits of inbreeding and outbreeding. Anatomy and physiology of mammary gland – milksecretion and milk let-down/ejection.
Unit – II
Feeding and Nutrition: Structure of digestive system and
physiology of digestion. Importance of colostrums feeding.Common cattle feed ingredients and their nutritive values –minerals, feed additives. Fodder preservation methods- hay andsilage making. Ration formulation. Computation of balancedration.
Unit – III
Live stock diseases: Viral diseases – rinderpest, Foot and mouthdisease and cow pox. Bacterial diseases – Mastitis, Anthrax,Tuberculosis, Haemorrhagic – septicaemia, Brucellosis.Metabolic disorders – Milk fever, ketosis and bloat. A briefaccount of external and internal parasites.
Unit – IV
Dairy Technology & Marketing: Milk – composition andNutritive value – Techniques to detect milk adulteration –Spoilage of milk – pasteurization of milk – Preparation of Dahi,Butter and Ghee. Role of Co-operative societies in milkproduction& Marketing.
Unit – V
Farm management: housing and equipment for dairy cows. careand management of newborn calves – technique of producingquality milk. Structure of reproductive system and physiologyof reproduction . Artificial insemination – Semen collection,storage & insemination Techniques.
1. Text Book: G.C. Banerjee – A Text book of AnimalHusbandry – Oxford & IBH Publication, New Delhi.
Books for Reference:
1. GH Schmidt; T.D. Van Vleck, - Principles of Dairyscience – Surget Pvt. Ltd., 1982.
55 56
2. N.S.R. Sasting or C.K.Thamos – Farm AnimalManagement – Vikas Publishing House P. Ltd., 1976.
3. Dr. A.K. Sachetic – Animal Reproduction and Artificialinsemination: NCERT, 1989.
4. M.M. Rai, - Dairy Chemistry and Animal Nutrition –Kalrant Publishers, 1985.
5. C.K.Thomas and N.S.R.Sastry, 1990.Dairy BovineProduction, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
6. ICAR, 2002 Handbook of Animal Husbandry- TheIndian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
2. Poultry science and Management
Unit – I
External features of fowls – skeletal system – digestive system– endocrine system – feathers – Respiratory system –reproductive system. Genetics of fowls: Breeds of fowls –inheritance of morphological characters (List of autosomal andsex linked character – breeding methods – systems of breeding– modern method of breeding.
Unit – II
Poultry industry in India– choosing commercial layers andbroilers – Poultry housing – deep litter and cage system-meritsand demerits.
Unit – III
Practical aspects of chick rearing –brooding management-grower and layers – management of broilers – lighting, summerwinter management – debunking.
Unit – IV
Poultry Nutrition: Energy – protein and aminoacids – Vitamins– essential organic elements – Non – nutrition feed additives –feed stuffs for poultry – feed formation.
Unit – V
Diseases: Viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic disease of poultry.Vaccines and vaccination programme.
Reference Books :
1. Gopalakrishnan C.A and G.Murley Mohan Lal 1997,Livestock and Poultry enterprises for rural development,Vikash, New Delhi.
2. Gnaanamani M.R., 1998 Modern aspects of commercialpoultry keeping, Giri.
3. Banarjee G.C., 1992 Poultry, Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
4. Chauhan H.V.S. and S.Roy, Poultry diseases, diagnosisand treatment New Age International, 1996.
5. John William S. (Ed) 2003. Poultry for sustainable FoodProduction and Livelihood. Loyola Publication, Chennai.
3. Public Health and Hygiene
Unit – I
Scope of Public Health and Hygiene – Concepts of Health andDisease – History of Public Health in India. Nutrition and Health:Classification of foods – Nutritional deficiencies – Vitamindeficiencies – Balanced diet – Nutritional requirements ofspecial groups.
57 58
Unit – II
Environment and Health: water-sources, Pollution, purification– water quality standards. Air: Ventilation – Air pollution – Noisepollution – Radiation effects – Solid waste and excreta disposal– Sewage treatment.
Unit – III
Communicable diseases: Respiratory infections: Measles,Rubella, Mumps, Diptheria. Intestinal infections: Poliomyletis,Cholera, typhoid, Amoebiasis. Arthropod infections: Malaria,Filariasis, Dengue. Zoonosis: Rabies, Plague Japaneseencephalitis. Surface infections: Tetanus, Leprosy, STD andAIDS
Unit – IV
Non-Communicable Diseases: Coronary heart Disease –Hypertension – Diabetes – Obesity – Blindness – stroke.Occupational Health Hazards: Physical, Chemical, Mechanical,Biological and Psychological. Mental health: Causes of mentalill-health-alcoholism and Drug dependence.
Unit – V
Health Education: Health planning in India – Healthprogrammes in India – WHO – Non-governmental VoluntaryHealth Organizations. First aid and Nursing: Methods –Dressing– care – Duties – Preparations.
Books for Reference:
1. Park and Park, 1995. Text Book of Preventive and SocialMedicine. M/S. Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers, Jabalpur.
2. Verma S. 1998. Medical Zoology, Rastogi Publications,New Delhi.
ALLIED ZOOLOGY (THEORY)
Paper – IUnit – I: 16 Hours
Introduction: Invertebrata- General characters andClassification.
Protozoa – Type study: Entamoeba histolytica, Plasmodiumvivax and Paramecium caudatum
Porifera – Type study :Scypha (sycon)
Coelenterata – Type study: Obelia geniculata
Platyhelminthes- Type study : Fasciola hepatica, Taeniasolium
Unit – II: 14 Hours
Annelida – Type study: Leech
Arthropoda – Type study: Prawn
Mollusca – Type study: Unio
Echinodermata – Type study: Sea star
Unit – III: 10 Hours
Chordata – General characters& Classification
Prochordates – Amphioxus – Structure and affinities
Vertebrates- Pisces- Type study : Shark
Unit – IV: 10 Hours
Amphibia- Type study: Frog. Reptilia: Calotes.
Unit – V: 10 Hours
Aves- Type study: Pigeon; Mammalia- Type study: Rabbit.
59 60
1. Text Book: Ekambaranatha Ayyar, M and Ananthakrishnan,T.N. 1993, Outlines of Zoology, Vol.I and II, Viswanathan andCo. Madras.
Reference Books:
2. P.S. Dhami and J.K. Dhami – Invertebrate Zology –S.Chand and Co. New Delhi.
3. Jordan, E.K. and P.S. Verma, 1993. Chordate Zoology,12th edition, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi.
ALLIED ZOOLOGY (THEORY)
Paper – II
Unit – I: 14 Hours
Cell Biology – Structure of animal cell, Mitochondria, nucleusand nucleolus and Golgi bodies. Genetics: Molecular structureof Genes – Gene concept – Gene function – Inborn errors ofmetabolism – Genetic Engineering and its applications – X andY – linked inheritance.
Unit – II: 12 Hours
Developmental Biology: Gametogenisis – Fertilization -Cleavage and gastrulation of chick.
Unit – III: 16 Hours
Human physiology: Digestion, Excretion, osmo-ionoregulation, kidney failure and transplantation. Structure of heart,Cardiac cycle, composition of blood, Blood pressure. Heartdiseases – Ischemia, Myocardial infarction, Rheumatic heartdisease, Stroke. Endocrine glands – Hormones- feedbackmechanism – Pituitary, thyroid, Islets of Langerhans, adrenal,sex organs, Gastrointestinal hormones.
Unit – IV: 10 Hours
Environmental Biology: Physico-Chemical factors –Environmental Degradation treatment methods on sewage,effluents – Green house effect.
Unit – V: 08 Hours
Evolution – Lamarkism and Neo-Lamarckism – Darwinismand Neo-Darwinism - Factors responsible for speciation.
Text book:
1. Verma, P.S. and V.K. Agarwal, 2010 Reprint, Cell Biology,Genetics, Molecular Biology, Physiology, Evolution andEcology, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi – 110 055.
Reference books:
1. Sambasiviah, I, Kamalakara Rao, A.P. AugustineChellapa, S (1983). Text book of Animal Physiology, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi.
2. Verma, P.S. and Agarwal, V.K. (1983). Animal Ecology,S. Chand & Co, New Delhi.
3. Verma, P.S. and Agarwal, V.K. and Tyagi, B.S. (1991).Chordate Embryology S. Chand & Co, New Delhi.
4. Rastogi, V.B. and Jayaraj, M.S. (2000). Text book ofGenetics, Kedarnath Ramnath Publishers, Meerut.
5. T.S.Gopalakrishnan, Itta Sambasivaiah andA.P.Kamalakararao,1984 Principles of organic Evolution,Pearl publications, Chennai.
61 62
ALLIED ZOOLOGY
PRACTICAL
I. Dissection:
Cockroach: Digestive and Nervous system
II. Mounting:
1. Mouth parts of cockroach
2. Mouth parts of Mosquito
III. Spotters:
Entamoeba, Plasmodium, Paramecium, Paramecium-Conjugation, Sycon, Obelia geniculata, Fasciola hepatica(Entire & Transverse section), Taenia solium (Entire &Transverse section), Leech (Entire & Transverse section), Freshwater mussel, Amphioxus, Shark (Placoid scale), Pigeon(feathers) and Rabbit.
PRACTICAL – 60 MARKS
1. Dissection = 25 marks
2. Mounting = 15 marks
3. Spotters = 10 marks
4. Record = 10 marks ________
Total = 60 marks ______
*************
A.C. S’12
63