apll8 rogers presentation
TRANSCRIPT
ìApreliminarylookattheBiturlanguage:Phonology&morphosyntaxPhillipGRogers,UniversityofCaliforniaSantaBarbara
Outline
ì Languagebackground
ì Phonology
ì Morphosyntaxì TypologicalProfileì Genderì Verbalmorphology
ì Summary
Biturlanguage
ì 860speakers
ì 5villages:Bisuaka,Kasimap,Petom,Tewara,&Upiara
ì Ethnologueclassifiesitas“vigorous”ì AllchildrenlearnBiturasafirstlanguageì Englishisthelinguafrancaofthearea
ì GeneQcclassificaQonì MemberoftheTiriofamilyì RecentlyshowntobelongtotheAnimstock(Usher&Suter2015)
PreviousdocumentationoftheTiriolanguages
ì Shortwordlists(Chalmers1897;Jore&Alemán2002;Lean1986;Ray1907;Riley1931;Williams1936)
ì SociolinguisQcsurvey(Jore&Alemán2002)
ì OnepagetypologicaldescripQon(Wurm1971)
ì TranslaQonsoftheGospelofMark(SIL)
“theleast-knownofallSouthernNewGuineagroups”
Evansetal.(toappear)
Phonology
Somechallengestoaphonologicalanalysis:
ì VariaQonandgradienceinsyllabificaQon
ì ProliferaQonandvarietyofvocoidsequences
ì VariaQoninstressplacement
ì InteracQonofstressandvowellength
Consonantinventory
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar
Oralstop pb td kg
Frica4ve sz
Affricate z/dz
Nasalstop m n
Trill/tap r
Glide w j
Vowelinventory
Front Mid Back
High i u
Central e (ə) o
Low a
ì Plusphonemicvowellength(lowfuncQonalload)
ì Dipthongs:ei,ai,oi,ou,au,eu/øu
SyllableStructure
Example Gloss
V o: 2SG
CV bari ‘eye’
VC ::erta ‘run’
CVC gag ‘name’
CVCC budurgdur ‘heavy.PL’
Morphosyntax
ì Wordorderì SOVì (DEM)(NUM)N(ADJ)
ì Stronglyhead-markingì Mostlyprefixingverbaltemplateì AclusterofprefixesisgrammaQcallybound,butprosodically
separatefromtheVerbstemanditsotheraffixes
ì Veryfewcasesuffixes
Gender
ì AcharacterisQcfeatureofAnimlanguagesisafour-gendersystem
ì Foundin:ì Human&kinshiptermsì AdjecQveagreementì DemonstraQvesì Independent&boundpronominals
Singular Plural
Masculine *e*i
Feminine *u
Neuter1 *o/*a
Neuter2 *i
Gender:Human&kinshipterms
ane:ma ‘man’anu:ma ‘woman’ani:ma ‘people’
neamber ‘myyoungerbrother’ naumber ‘myyoungersister’
awiada ‘uncle’awuda ‘aunt’
ejamatem ‘youryoungerbrother’ omtum ‘youryoungersister’
Gender:Adjectiveagreement
N M F M.PL F.PL
‘long’ doraga doriaga doriagu dorodor durudur
‘hot’ totarga to:arga to:argu tota:tor to:ator
‘short’ do:pa do:po dodopai dodopoi
‘heavy’ budurga budurgu budurgdur
‘good’ masi:ga masi:gu masimsir
‘small’ gari:kain gari:kuin gari:gir
‘bad’ su:ga su:gu su:sur
‘wet’ obodai obobodai
‘round’ kokomakokoma
Gender:Demonstratives
ì NoevidenceforNeuter2
Proximal SG PL
M e:tei::
F u:tuN o:ta
Distal SG PL
M te:te:::
F tu:tuN ta:ta
Gender:3rdpersonpronouns
IndependentPronouns
SG PL
M igiazi:
F zu:N -
BoundSubjectPrefixes(PRS)
SG PL
M te-:-
F tu-N ta-
Gender:Questionsforfutureresearch
ì DothereremaintracesoftheNeuter2genderinBitur?
ì HowhavegenderdisQncQonsinteractedwithreduplicaQoninadjecQveagreementforms?
ì DogenderpakernsinBiturprovideevidenceforsubgroupingwithinAnim?
Verbalmorphology
ì TemplaQcverbalmorphology
ì Prosodicbreakbetweenprefixalclusterandverbstemwithaffixes
ì Severalcategoriesareexpressedeitherintheprefixalclusterormoredirectlyontheverbstem
Verbaltemplate
1.Subject(person,number,gender)&
Tense/Aspect
2.ApplicaQve
3.n-(?)
4.Object
5.DirecQon/LocaQon
6.Object
7.Stem
8.ApplicaQve
9.Object
10.DirecQon/LocaQon
11.PluracQonality
12.Tense
Direction/locationprefixes
1SG.FUTsubjectprefixes
‘ontop,over’ mot-ep
‘behind’ mot-ib
‘under,around,side,down’ mut-u
‘down(notunder)’ mot-em
‘out’ mut-um
‘inside,into’ mot-ain
‘down’ mot-om
‘following,behind,nextto’ mo-mpa
Argument-indexingframes
ì Basicframesì IntransiQveframeì TransiQveframe#1ì TransiQveframe#2ì Middleframe
ì ApplicaQve
Transitiveframe#2
ta- w-eina-m1SG.SBJ.PST 3SG.OBJ-kill-PREH‘Ikilledhim’moi- s-igia-mana1PL.SBJ.FUT 2/3PL-push-PLUR‘wewillpushthem’
Middleframe
yawa noin ta:mi za- n-a:aigimwhen 1PL aoernoon 1PL.SBJ.PRS 1.OBJ-arrive.PREH‘whenwearrivedintheaoernoon’
Middleframe
nanopa eguara kiana-ba taz-last.Qme before sago-LOC 1PL.SBJ.PRS-erenonem1.OBJ.go.PREH‘lastQmebeforewewenttomakesago’Compare:ozat- erezonem2PL.SBJ.PST- 2/3PL.obj.go.PREH‘youguyswent’
Applicative
te- w-iata3SG.M.SBJ.PRS 3SG.OBJ-stay‘hestays’te- w-eta-ra-mea3SG.M.SBJ.PRS 3SG.OBJ-stay-APPL-1.OBJ‘hewaitsforme’
Verbalmorphology:Questionsforfutureresearch
ì WhatcorrelaQonscanbeidenQfiedbetweenthesemanQcsofparQcularverbsandtheargument-indexingframesinwhichtheyarefound?
ì HowproducQvearetheelementsintheverbaltemplate?
ì What’sthediachronicstory?
References
Chalmers,James.1897.VocabulariesoftheBugilaiandTagotadialects,BriQshNewGuinea,pp.139-144.JournaloftheRoyalAnthropologicalIns:tuteofGreatBritainandIreland,XXVII.Evans,Nicholas,WayanArka,MakhewCarroll,ChrisQanDöhler,EriKashima,EmilMikag,KylaQuinn,JeffSiegel,PhilipTamaandCharlokeVanTongeren.ThelanguagesofSouthernNewGuinea.ToappearinBillPalmer(ed.),TheLanguagesandLinguis:csofNewGuinea:AComprehensiveGuide.Berlin:WalterdeGruyter.GlendonA.Lean.1986.WesternProvince.(CounQngSystemsofPapuaNewGuinea,12.)PortMoresby:PapuaNewGuineaUniversityofTechnology.(DraoEdiQon).Jore,TimandAlemán,Laura.2002.SociolinguisQcsurveyoftheTiriolanguagefamily.SIL,Ukarumpa:UnpublishedMS.
References
Ray,SidneyH.1907.AcomparaQvevocabularyofthePapuanlanguagesofBriQshNewGuinea.InSydneyH.Ray(ed.),ReportsoftheCambridgeanthropologicalexpedi:ontoTorresStraits,Volume3:Linguis:cs.387-412.Cambridge:UniversityPress.Riley,E.Baxter.1931.SixteenvocabulariesfromtheFlyRiver,Papua(withmap,introducQonandnotesbySidneyH.Ray):Conclusion.Anthropos26.171-92.Usher,Timothy,andEdgarSuter.2015.TheAnimLanguagesofSouthernNewGuinea.OceanicLinguis:cs,Vol.54,No.1,110-142.Williams,FrancisE.1936.PapuansoftheTrans-Fly.Oxford:ClarendonPress.Wurm,StephenA.1971.NotesontheLinguisQcSituaQonintheTrans-FlyArea.In:PapersinNewGuineaLinguis:cs,No.4,115–172.(PacificLinguisQcsA-28.)Canberra:PacificLinguisQcs.