Agenda

Writing Prompt/Discussion

Presentation: APA Style

Draft Exchange

Closing

HW: Continue drafting; prepare peer review feedback; compose abstract

Writing Prompt 1

What are all the steps we have to take to get from a reasonably well-developed draft to a polished, academic draft?

Discuss

(and be sure to check out page 509 of the Hacker book: “Placing Sources in Conversation”)

Writing Prompt 2

What are the key differences between MLA and APA styles? List as many as you can think of.

APA = American Psychological Association

Citing Sources in APA

APA recommends an author-date system of citations.

1) The sources is introduced by a signal phrase that includes the last name of the author followed by the date of publication in parentheses.

2) The material being cited is followed by a pages number in parentheses.

3) At the end of the paper, an alphabetized list of references gives complete publication information for the source.

Model signal phrases

In the words of Carmona (2004), “. . . “ (p. 341).

As Yanovski and Yanovski (2002) have noted, “. . .” (p. 7892).

Hoppin and Taveras (2004), medical researchers, pointed out that “. . .” (p. 65).

“ . . .,” claimed Critser (2003).

Researchers McDuffie et al (2003) have offered a compelling case for this view: “ . . .” (p. 73).

Good verbs for signal phrases

admitted contended reasoned agreed

declared refuted argued denied

rejected asserted emphasizedreported

believed insisted responded claimed

notedsuggested compared observed

thought confirmed pointed out wrote

Page 506, Hacker

In text Citations

Yanovski and Yanovski (2002) reported that “the current state of the treatment for obesity is similar to the state of the treatment of hypertension several decades ago” (p. 600).

What do you notice about this citation? Is there anything about it that surprises you?

Entry in List of References

Yanovski, S.Z., & Yanovski, J.A. (2002). Drug therapy:

Obesity. The New England Journal of Medicine, 346,

591-602

Basic Format: Quotation

Critser (2003) noted that despite growing numbers of overweight Americans, many health care providers still “remain either in ignorance or outright denial about the health danger to the poor and the young” (p. 5).

Despite the growing numbers of overweight Americans, many health care providers still “remain either in ignorance or outright denial about the health danger to the poor and the young (Critser, 2003, p. 5).

Basic Format: Paraphrase

Yanovski and Yanovski (2002) explained that sibtramine suppresses appetite by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain (p. 594).

Sibtramine suppresses appetite by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain ( Yanovski & Yanovski, 2002, p. 594).

Work with 2 authors

Give the name of both authors in signal phrases or parentheses each time you cite the work.

According to Sothern and Gordon (2003), “Environmental factors may contribute as much as 80% to the cause of childhood obesity” (p. 104).

Obese children often engage in limited physical activity (Sothern & Gordon, 2003, p. 104).

Work with 3 to 5 authors

Identify all authors in the signal phrase or the parentheses the first time you cite the source.

In 2003, Berkowitz, Wadden, Tershakovec, and Cronquist concluded, “Sibutramine…must be carefully monitored in adolescents, as in adults, to control increases in {blood pressure and] pulse rate” (p. 1811).

In subsequent citations, use the first author’s name followed by “et al.” in either the signal phrase or parentheses.

Personal Communication

Personal interviews, memos, letters, email and similar unpublished communications should be cited in the text only, not in the reference list (this is definitely different from MLA). Use the first initial with the last name in parentheses (F. Johnson, personal communication, October 20, 2013).

For this research paper, please adapt the MLA works cited reference for personal interview in the APA style (year right after name, etc).

Other examples

Like six or more authors, work with an unknown author, organization as author, etc., see pages 513- 515.

List of References

Instead if calling it a Works Cited, APA calls this page at the end References.

For a sample References page, see p. 548 of the Hacker book.

Guidelines for listing authors

To see how to list works by a single author, organization as author, article in a journal, articles in a newspaper, book with an author and an editor, article in an online magazine, short work from a website, podcast, email, government document see listing on 495 and then go to the appropriate example.

Manuscript. Running Head

Running head: YOU MUST DO THIS IN ALL CAPS.

Upper left corner, every page. Title page also has the words “Running Head”

Heading

Teaching English Composition

An Argumentative Research Essay

Alisa Ulferts

Tacoma Community College

See page 540 for an example.

Author Note

This paper was prepared for English 101, Section 3873, taught by Instructor Ulferts.

Appears at the bottom of page.

Abstract

Separate page

An abstract is a 100-150 word paragraph that provides readers with a quick overview of your essay. It should express your main idea and your key points; it might also briefly suggest any implications or applications of the research you discuss in the paper. See page 541 for an example.

Extra Credit Opportunities

Turn the final paper in a day early – Wednesday by 5:30 p.m. This will get you an extra 2.5 points. (so if you were going to get an 89 (B+) you would get a 91.5 (A-).

The 90 percent challenge. If 90 percent of the class fills out the end-of-course survey by Thursday at midnight (so I can see the results on Friday) then the entire class will get an extra 2.5 points on the final paper.