APA Formatting & Citations

APA Format

• Your paper should have:• 12 inch margins on all sides• Aligned left• Double spaced• Times New Roman font • Size 12 point• ½ inch indentations

Headings

• Must have a Running head on every page, even the title page• Running head: TITLE OF YOUR PAPER

• Title and page number will be on every page• Title must be in all caps• TITLE OF YOUR PAPER

• Pages 1-6 in APA: The Easy Way provide a walk through on setting up your paper

Levels of Headings

• Your choice of headings will help to organize your paper• Similar to your outline• 5 levels of headings• Each level will have different formatting rules so pay

attention to your book’s rules• Example on page 6 of APA: The Easy Way

Title Page

• Running head flush left• A ½ inch from the top of the page• Maximum 50 characters, including spaces after the colon (:)

• Page number flush right• Centered on the page

• TITLE OF THE PAPER• Student’s Name• ELS La Verne

General APA Guidelines

• Italicize a word(s) to reflect emphasis• The first line of every paragraph should be indented a ½

inch• Avoid using the word “I”• 1st person = the writer speaking• Pronouns: I, me, my, mine (sing.); we, us our, ours (pl.)

• 2nd person = the person being spoken to• Pronouns: You, your, yours (sing. and pl.)

• 3rd person = the person being spoken about• Pronouns: He, she, it, him, her, his, hers (sing.); they them,

theirs (pl.)

In-text citations

• ALWAYS PROVIDE APPROPRIATE CREDIT! – If not, it’s plagiarism

• Everything cited must also be on the Reference page and vice versa • When paraphrasing, the punctuation (period) goes after the citation.• (Robbins, 2008).

• When citing a direct quotation of less than 40 words,• (Smith, 2005, p. 6.).

• When citing a direct quotation 40+ words, the entire quote is indented ½ an inch and no quotation marks are needed. Also, the period is placed before the citation.• …first year of teaching in a downtown community college.

I find it amazing that so many of my students will work so hard to make it when there is so little in their past to give them the confidence to try. (Smith & Smith, 1993, p. 121)

In-text citations

• Standard method of citing• (author’s last name, date published).• When multiple authors, always put them in the same order as listed

in the source• Use a variety of ways to help with the flow of the paper and

to make it appear less boring or rigid• According to Stemmer (2008)…• Stemmer (2008) indicated…***WHEN IN DOUBT LOOK AT PAGES 9-16 in APA: The Easy Way ***

Secondary Sources

• A source within a source• Name original work and give a citation for the secondary

source• Only the main article will be cited on the reference page• Ex. Paraphrasing Stemmer’s work which was in Pratt’s article• Stemmer’s work (as cited in Pratt, 2008).

Author, Date Citations

• One Author• (Karsten, 2008).

• Two Authors• (Johnson & Klien, 2010).

• 3, 4 or 5 Authors• [first citation]: (Bowen, Simpson, & Stewart, 2009).• [subsequent citations]: (Bowern et al., 2009).

• 6 or more Authors• (Curtis et al., 2008).

• No author listed• Use first few words of reference page entry used• All books, periodicals, brochures and reports are italicized• Titles of chapters, articles and webpages are noted with “…”• “Leadership versus management,” 2008).

Reference Page

• Lists every reference cited in the text• 1 inch margins all around• Page heading centered and called References• Double spacing should be used• Bold type used only with appropriate headings• No professional titles used (Ex. Ph.D.)• Personal conversations, e-mails, interviews, and letters

should not be listed because they cannot be retrieved by the reader• Cite as personal communication in text, but don’t list on the

reference page

Reference Page

• 1st line of each entry should start at the left margin with the following lines being indented a ½ inch

• Numerals are used for numbers above 10• References beginning with numbers should have the numeral

spelled out.• Spell out cities and countries outside of the US• Alphabetical order based on authors, associations (if organization)• Authors listed with last name first, followed by first and middle (if

given) initials• Comos, M. E. (2006) [one space between the initials]

Reference Page

• If no author is provided, the title should be moved to before the date and alphabetized according to the 1st word of the title

• Multiple authors• Sienkiewics, J. H., Scarcelli, T. A., & Alexandrowicz, M. P.

(2006). Great high school athletes transition into coaching roles. Clawson, MI: Roddy Press

• ***LOOK AT PAGES 19-26 IN APA: The Easy Way FOR MORE DETAILS***

Sample Paper

•On pages 47-59 of APA: The Easy Way

Homework

• Replace all ghost citations in your work • Reference page (with minimum of 10 sources due

MONDAY, March 19th)• Fill out Bundle Pages!