“Powering Entrepreneurship Education For Disadvantaged Youth” Training

Course, 2-11 November 2018, Antalya/Turkey

This work is written elaboration in the framework of the training course "Powering

Entrepreneurship Education for Disadvantaged Youth", which took place at the

beginning of November 2018 in Antalya.

The international training course "Powering Entrepreneurship Education For

Disadvantaged Youth" aimed to train and equip youth workers and youth leaders

working directly with young unemployed people and disadvantaged youth from

refugees/asylum seekers and migrants with essential entrepreneurial and business

tools, methods and skills to enable them to contribute to tackling of the problem of

unemployment among youth through quality youth work that promotes self-

employment and entrepreneurial culture. The project aims to reveal the value of the

Erasmus+ Programme as a tool for youth empowerment and raise awareness about

Youthpass tool for supporting young people harness skills and personal growth

through self-reflection and learning documentation.

Marginalization has existed for millennia. In the history of people, certain marginalized

groups have been and continue to be discriminated against and disadvantaged. This

can be done purposefully in the social context, be it by the state or certain institutions,

as well as by some individuals within it. The reasons for this are many-sided, but often

arise because certain groups distinguish themselves from the “normal” majority by

some specific differences, which are often not accepted or tolerated by them.

Contents DIFFICULTIES THAT MARGINALIZED YOUNG PEOPLE, REFUGEES, ASYLUM SEEKERS AND MIGRANTS FACE TO REACH JOB OPPORTUNITIES 5

Introduction 5

Definitions 5

Faced Difficulties 6

1.4 Conclusion 7

ENTREPRENEURSHIP 8

Why Entrepreneurship for Marginalized Youth, Asylum seekers, migrants and refugees 8

Explanations/ Examples 8

Specific Examples 9

Conclusion: 9

HOW TO PROMOTE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG TARGET GROUP? 10

Entrepreneurship – what is it? 10

Knowledge– Skills- Attitudes: 11

The 5 step to reach your goal: 12

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IDEAS 15

UP AND DOWN ART CENTER 15

LOOK AT ME CENTER 16

ECOTOURISM AND ENGLISH TEACHING 17

FOR MULTIFACETED CHANGE 17

DOWN-TOWN CAFE 17

PROJECT IDEAS 20

MUSIC AS TOOL FOR SOCIAL INCLUSION 20

PAİNT YOUTH WORK 21

EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS PROJECT IN TURKEY 22

Unemployment in Turkey 22

MuSaMa 23

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS 24

RESOURCES 24

DIFFICULTIES THAT MARGINALIZED

YOUNG PEOPLE, REFUGEES, ASYLUM

SEEKERS AND MIGRANTS FACE TO

REACH JOB OPPORTUNITIES

Introduction

Nowadays, certain marginalized groups are an omnipresent topic. For example, one reads in many European newspapers every day something about the refugee crisis, which has been the dominant domestic political issue in Europe for several years. These often very young refugees and other migrants often referred to in this context do not reach the often-promised paradise in the European Union, but rather discrimination, lack of support and the threat of deportation. It is particularly difficult when it comes to the topic of integration and especially the access in the labor market. For a variety of reasons, these persons are either not allowed, do not want to or are not able to engage in legal employment. However, migrants are not the only marginalized group. There are many more, such as the LGBTQ community, women, the homeless and mentally or physically handicapped people. Especially for the youth of these marginalized groups, it is important for them to have the same opportunities as others and integrated into the labor market as well as into society. But marginalized youth still faces a lot of difficulties to reach job opportunities. We will emphasize these in more detail in this chapter. Definitions

Marginalization:

“The process whereby something or someone is pushed to the edge of a group and accorded lesser importance. This is predominantly a social phenomenon by which a minority or sub-group is excluded, and their needs or desires ignored.” (Business Dictionary) “Marginalization is the process by which something or someone is pushed and accorded lesser importance. This is predominantly social phenomena when a minority or sun-group is excluded, and their needs or desires ignored.”

Possible marginalized groups in the community are: Immigrants, Refugees and Migrants, Women and Girls, Victims of Human Trafficking, Mentally Ill Children and Youth People of Differing Sexual Orientation (LGBT community), People of Differing Religions, Physically Disabled, Incarcerated People (and their Families), People Released from Incarceration, People of Low Socioeconomic Status, Unemployed People of a Particular Ethnicity/Country of Origin, People with a Differing Political Orientation

Faced Difficulties

Legal and Economic Issues

From the economical point of view there are some difficulties that immigrants and refugees often

face. First, get the working permits: delay on receive work permission means to don't have the

opportunity to enter in the job market immediately. Secondly, the educational degree recognition is not

a easy process: generally the recognition of a degree takes months and money for the official

translation of papers and the steps of validation. In addition, they have less accessibility to some

financial opportunity as many times resources are available only for citizens of the European Union.

Moreover, initial financial situation could be a problem as they could not have enough money to

invest in education, formation courses or entrepreneurial ideas.

Personal Problems At a personal level, since they are lacking soft and life skills, they usually don't have an

entrepreneurial attitude. They are not motivated, and the fear of failure often stop them to act, to be

Active to change their situation. Another problem is that often the available job opportunities don't

meet their needs, don't satisfy them and then they reject them. Regarding refugees, asylum

seekers and migrants we have to add the problem of language: It is very difficult to get a job if you

don't speak the language of the country. Moreover, these people often have a difficult background

that can bring them to some psychological problems that increase their difficulties to reach job

opportunities.

Social and Cultural Influence Many social issues are affected on marginalized groups to reach job opportunities, different rights, and resources that are normally available for the other member of the society.

Stereotypes: It may be negative and positive, but they are clichés and they generalize groups or person. Negative stereotypes – about the skin color or gender identity, refugees, minorities etc. – are decreasing their chance to prevail on labor-market.

Prejudice, discrimination: Discrimination is an unfair treatment against individuals/social groups, generally rooted in stereotypes and often the outcome of prejudice. It can be based on many different characteristics, such as sexual orientation, age, gender and ethnicity. Racism: Racism a type of discrimination, based on race. Among marginalized groups, it’s occurs difficulties mainly for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants. Isolation: Isolation is one of the impacts of marginalization, these groups are living in geographically/socially separated small groups, pushed to the edge of society, and make them feel secondary position and less important.

Missing support and network: In many areas there is lack of social system,

organization that would able to help and support marginalized groups by building

social cohesion, strengthening social inclusion and provide accessibility to labor-

market.

Limited accessibility to resources: Little access to services and opportunities, such

as education, transportation, community places, goods, information.

Cultural differences: Are based on different believes, languages, expressions

belong to specific ethnicities, national origin or race. These differences can be a

huge barrier of acceptance and understanding.

1.4 Conclusion

The aim of this section was to discuss the Difficulties that marginalized Young

People, Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Migrants face to reach job opportunities.

It was conducted that each group face some similar difficulties such as fear to fail,

education, motivation to start a business but of course they share are some specific

difficulties for each group of them in one country. However, there are still

considerable varied from country in the EU to another such as legal system,

discrimination, knowing the system.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP It is all about turning intellectual, physical and mental effort to start a new idea, realize it

and generate revenue from it. An Entrepreneur is someone who has an idea and who

works to create a product or service that people will buy, by building an organization

to support the sales

Why Entrepreneurship for Marginalized Youth, Asylum seekers, migrants and refugees

Entrepreneurship is significant for the marginalized youth because of following reasons

Marginalized youth are socially excluded from society so entrepreneurship

can be a tool for them.

Refugees and Asylum seekers have legal and administrative issues in the

country to get state and private jobs so entrepreneurial businesses are good

for them

Specific skill set of the marginalized youth may be an opening door for

entrepreneurship

Economic migrants can help invest in businesses that may lead towards entrepreneurship opportunities

Entrepreneurship can help the marginalized groups to self-sustain their

financial status

Explanations/ Examples

Skills The skills that are particularly needed for these groups to blend well and be economic actors

include

Knowledge of specific skill set and attitude

Language skills

Social and interpersonal skills

Positive mindset and desire to contribute

Energy and enthusiasm to sustain themselves and their fellow

Flexibility and adaptability

Productivity

Specific Examples

In Bulgaria, there are Roma people which are good musicians and they go abroad and

utilize their skills and they play music in restaurants and weddings. After the experience they act as the organizers of the small concerts, musical shows and theatre.

In Italy and Turkey there are down syndrome affected people coffee shops where they

sell coffee and earn their daily bread. They also train and employ other marginalized youth and their families

In Germany, the refugee rehabilitation center businesses are operating which help the new upcoming refugees to blend in well in new country and sustain and promote the entrepreneurship business

The volunteer work like fund raising, blood donation campaigns, mentoring programs,

coaching lessons and language courses can be organized and delivered for them to sustain in the society and find their own ways

Train the trainer activities are then expected for the marginalized youth to deliver to

upcoming new people. For example, they can become language teachers, administrators for new refugees, and business incubators for new people. They participate in the local consulates to help their country refugees to adjust in new environment and find self-sustainable jobs.

NGOs (NESST in Hungary, Azote (Adult non- formal education center), Erasmus

student networks, PSR in Finland (Physicians for special responsibility), Interfolk (Institute for

Civil Society)) are playing vital roles in different countries to make the marginalized refugee groups able to become economic actors and start some real business.

Business incubator concept is prevailing in the European countries that help the

marginalized groups to be able to foster and utilize the skills that are truly essential for startups

Erasmus Plus Youth training programs already have funding so they can be used to

train the marginalized people to be able to inculcate skills in them to start the businesses

During the application process of asylum seeking the entrepreneurship opportunities

can be explored by asylum seekers based on skill set

Conclusion:

To summarize the discussion, entrepreneurship may be the gateway for the opportunities for the marginalized youth, refugees and asylum seekers, because this is the best possible way for them to get the opportunity and also to self sustain themselves.

Through train the trainer campaigns they can help the fellow colleagues and in a way expand the businesses. So entrepreneurship opens door for self-sustainability for them Entrepreneurship opportunities for the marginalized and neglected people can bring a boost to economy and it will be a win-win situation for them and also the country supporting them.

Entrepreneurship is also a tool to create social inclusion for marginalized group, to prevent racism and negativity and finally a good will situation for volunteer organizations.

HOW TO PROMOTE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG TARGET GROUP?

Entrepreneurship – what is it?

There is still some confusion and skepticism among youth workers thinking entrepreneurial

learning as an objective (European Union 2017). As disadvantaged young people are even more vulnerable, marginalized and facing with many difficulties to entering to the labor market, we need to identify carefully our tools and strategies. The aim of this paragraph is to give simple and clear tips for youth workers and educators in order to promote entrepreneurship among the target group.

Approaches Organize workshops about the potential support they can get from entrepreneurship! Engage

them by volunteerism and active citizenship!

Widen their view of the world by Erasmus+ youth mobility programs to evoke their inner

potential!

Don’t be shy to use online platforms and social media!

Use school activities to spread information and get in touch with youngsters! Use media as

an effective tool as promotion!

Get in touch with institutions and organizations supporting your target group to make special

workshops!

Establish mentor programs to facilitate them on their way to became entrepreneurs! Search

for special funds and scholarships for your target group to reduce the financial barriers!

Collaborate with start-up incubator programs!

In order to succeed the basic attitude and behavior towards entrepreneurship should be changed. To encourage them some effective methods are recommended.

improving networks and international relationships

create a supportive atmosphere by engaging the family and the community

develop business, technical and life competences (knowledge – skills – attitude)

teach consequent way of thinking (risk management, business plan, financial plan…)

In order to develop your competences, you should focus on the connection between:

Knowledge– Skills- Attitudes:

The 5 step to reach your goal:

1. WHOM? Choose the target

The first step is to understand and choose a specific target group and analyzing deeply its

interests.

2. WHY? Define NEEDs

The second step require to emphasize with your target group in order to understand and define their real needs (empathy map).

3. HOW? Designing and planning

After the need definition you can start design your project through team work/Brainstorming/ Creativity/ Field resources/ Business Canvas Model. Starting from these you can plan your project following specific steps (Goal, Objectives, Strategies, Activities, Resources).

4. WHAT & WHEN? Implementation

In order to understand if your project could be successful you should create a prototype of it and try it on the market.

5. WOW!! Evaluation

Once you find the positive and negative part of your project you can start implementing it for arriving to a final successful solution.

During this traınıng course the group developed five entrepreneurship ideas that we will

present you by the brief of theır business plans.

UP AND DOWN ART CENTER Tetovo/Macedonia The people with a disabilities and from other marginalized groups have a need to belong to the society in which they live. Big problem for them is a high level of unemployment. They would feel less lonely. The families would feel more relaxed because the people with disabilities would spend some time out of their homes. The problem that we are trying to tackle in a community is unemployment among disabled people in Tetovo (Macedonia). Our mission is economic empowerment of disabled people with employing them through art workshops. The economic activities would be based on producing the arts that we are going to sell all around the globe through Social Medias. In a team of our organization we have specialized people for this topic: artist – painter, doctor, person in charged for marketing and promotion, social worker… The sustainable solution that we are going to aim through this activities is focused on art expression of the people from marginalized group and supporting their inclusion in society. We will provide promotion of art and we will provide a teaching workshops for people with disabilities and other marginalized groups. Target group for customers is everyone who is interested in art, with main focus on huge chains of hotels, restaurants and galleries, different groups of people or organizations which we are targeting. Social media: we would do the campaign through official Instagram profile and Facebook page where we will post the photos of arts with a personal stories about their authors with the main focus on empathy. Through this way we would reach the customers and also through promotions in other medias. They will get self-promotion through as a social responsible companies with the aim of humanity and they will be sure that the profits are going to disabled people. We will also promote the customers through our social media channels. Most important assets are the place (the municipality can provide some abandoned place), art trainer (we have it our team), material for workshops, internet access, organizations… İn a team of our organization we have specialized people for this topic: artist – painter, doctor, person in charged for marketing and promotion, social worker… KEY PARTNERS: Daily center for youth with disabilities in Tetovo, Municipality of Tetovo, Local, national and international NGO-s, Local medias…

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IDEAS

LOOK AT ME CENTER Berlin, Germany

This projects target group are blind youth who have disabilities to integrate themselves into the society. These people often have problems of integration because sometimes the society does not accept them as a full person, but as a disabled. The other mains problems are that the society often feels sorry for them in addition they have difficulties and asking for support. The society does not manage all their needs that are essential for their daily life. İt is why the fund and profit that we will gain from the center will be invested on the research at innovate to adopt the society to their needs. To solve or decrease the problems we would like to open social enterprise, a social center where we could integrate the blind youth into the society, use their disabilities as a skill, help them to feel accepted and useful through our events and activities. The centers key activities would be workshops such as braille alphabet workshops, sports, cultural and artistic programs, cooking workshops… The main goal of those activities is that our customers who would non vision impaired do these activities while they are blinded together with a blind people, so we could break the barriers between blind and non blind people. We would organize events as well such as comedy nights, concerts, quiz nights. Next to these activities a cafe would be run by the center to gain some daily profit. As we presented the idea to the Chamber of Commerce in Antalya, we got some useful recommendations. For example, we could focus on the key partners that can be Universities, Schools, Sport Clubs, Restaurants, Hotels who might support us to be more effective. Universities, Schools, Sport Clubs, Restaurants, Hotels who might support us to be more effective.

ECOTOURISM AND ENGLISH TEACHING FOR MULTIFACETED CHANGE

Germany

Focusing on a village in Germany with a high youth migration we developed a blueprint for a program that combined ecological tourism with English learning. Offering the ever growing number of travelers seeking true cultural immersion an opportunity to provide English classes and participate in various traditional cultural exchanges the project aims to positively contribute to tourism and rural development in the area, as well as provide educational opportunities for locals and boost business for ethical enterprises. The chamber of commerce gave encouraging feedback and gave suggestions of where the project could be effective in Turkey.

DOWN-TOWN CAFE Antalya, Turkey

Our business idea was to open a coffee in that people who has down-syndrome could work. So we called our idea as “down-town cafe”. Our main aim of this business idea that not only make profit but also down syndrome people could have opportunity to work. So we called our idea as a social entrepreneurship. We would like to help down-syndrome people to integrate to society. By this way, they could have their financial independence and opportunity to socialize. In addition, by this idea, we may break some prejudice and stereotypes on down-syndrome people. We would like to maintain our cafe through selling coffee, tea etc. We would organıze events as well such as movie nıghts, concerts, exhibition. Next to these actıvıtıes a cafe would be run by the center to gaın some daily profıt.

We plan to open our coffee in city center of Antalya. In order to implement our idea, we are planning to communicate to municipality and some NGO’s that concern about down-syndrome people.

All the ideas were presented in The Chamber of Commerce and all the groups got the

feedback from the general secretary of ıt.

PROJECT IDEAS

MUSIC AS TOOL FOR SOCIAL INCLUSION

Music as an instrument for the integration of young people with social inclusion difficulties: this is the objective of the project, in which 20 youngsters will form a choir and create a musical that will be presented on the stage after 3 months of rehearsals. Music is a universal language that plays a big role in overcoming barriers and developing the emotions in a positive way and can concretely help the disadvantaged people to integrate themselves in a heterogeneous society.

The project will promote singing and music lessons and the youngsters will be learning some creative skills. They will work all together also for the realization of the sceneries and the costumes and will take active role in creating a plot that includes their own thoughts and personal stories.

Through this experience, they will increase their self-esteem and gain positive values, that will decrease the violent and aggressive behavior and will fight against isolation and marginalization. Moreover, they will understand the benefits of working in groups and collaborating each other, improving their communication skills and helping them to socialize in a proper way.

For the implementation of the project, which will take place in Sicily within 2019 with a final performance in a theatre, there will be the presence of 2 facilitators with a strong background knowledge in music and theatre that will train them during the months of preparation.

PAINT YOUTH WORK

Due to our Research we found out that more than 73,8% of youth workers and trainers in Europe don’t use enough optical Design in their everyday work (source: alternative facts).

The main goal of this project is to improve the knowledge and skills of youth workers in the field of graphics, marketing and visual design.

During the ten days training course 28 youth worker from Erasmus+ programme and partner countries will have the chance to learn the basics of graphic design, drawing, sketching, typography, charting and visual designing through an advanced training seminar. Also, they will learn the basics of photography and social media marketing.

All activities will be held using non-formal education methods. Three specialized trainers will deliver the sessions:

• Digital graphic design,

• Traditional techniques like sketching, drawing and typography,

• Social Media marketing .

The project will be held in Kadiköy, Istanbul since it is the artistic capital of Turkey and good to reach from anywhere. It will take place in September 2019.

EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS PROJECT IN TURKEY

Unemployment in Turkey

• Decline in Economy

• Political situation in the country

• Youth frustration

• Ineffective utilization of young talent

• Unequal distribution of population density

Project Goals:

The project goal is to give 30 young Turkish graduate students the skills and techniques to apply for jobs and integrate in the market place via training courses and informal activities

• E.g. How to write a professional resume

• How to conduct a job interview

• How to write a motivational letter

• What skills and competencies should you have?

• Increase employment opportunities Project Objectives:

• Enhance the economy

• Utilize the youth talent

• Include the youth in the community

• Enhance youth interpersonal

• Help them get out of their frustration

The main goal of this Project would be to support the integration of refugees in İtaly. Due to the highly increased number of refugees coming from mainly Africa and the lack of integration programs in İtaly we identified that there is an urgent need both from the refugees and the hosting society. We are planning a 6-month long term project for refugees focused on İtalian language, culture and daily-life needs to make them easier to understand the İtalian system. The strength of our project it is not a simple language course for refugees but an intensive and creative integrational path that could give them useful tools to easily being included in the İtalian life in order to be independent and productive member of the community. The aim of the project is to create a comfortable atmosphere, a compact group where participants can feel a part of it and gain self-confidence about their future society.

The training will be a combination of formal, non-formal and outdoor activities and learning-by-doing approach. At designing our activities, we were focusing on their real needs as a refugee. Starting from the most basic need: the language that connects all the topics together. Deeply understanding the İtalian culture and society help to avoid misunderstanding and have a better opportunity to be well-accepted, integrated and recognized by Italians. A day to celebrate diversity

An action day to celebrate diversity and connection would be planned to connect mothers of children in an elementary school in Germany with the goal to improve integration for refugee families in the area. By targeting mothers, due to their integral role in families and thus society we would start the day by connecting participants through their similarities over a communal brunch and intercultural games. İdeas for a mural would be formulated and later implemented as a reminder of the beauty of diversity.

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS

Guide for young people with business ideas for positive social change:

http://www.dive.youthalliance.org.mk/reports/DiveIn_Guide.pdf

Canvas business model: https://strategyzer.com/canvas/business-model-canvas

Manual on successful stories on social entrepreneurship in Europe: https://www.playeurope-project.eu/manual-of-success-stories/

Evaluation and Analysis of Good Practices in Promoting and Supporting Migrant Entrepreneurship: https://ec.europa.eu/easme/sites/easme-site/files/documents/guide_book_promoting_and_supporting_migrant_entrepreneurship.pdf

Inspiring Social entrepreneurship ideas: https://www.ashoka.org/en/our-network/ashoka-fellows/search?f%5B0%5D=field_taxonomy_topics%3A460

http://www.socialbusiness.org/

Online platform presenting information on European countries' youth policies: https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/en/youthwiki

https://www.erasmus-entrepreneurs.eu/

RESOURCES

European Union (2017) Taking the future into their hands. Youth work and

entrepreneurial learning. Final report

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/marginalization.html

Women,Chapter, different Sources,

https://womenchapterenglish.com/stereotypes-against-marginalized-groups/

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Vulnerable”, Chapter 4 of the Safety Report by SAFIGI Outreach Foundation

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today” https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/individuals-and-

society/discrimination/a/examples-of-discrimination-in-society-

today?fbclid=IwAR2AV1ERXLZXAMLdrhaD5Dv2CalJWnDwYqxDeTIgTI75Wc

tkyTVLnKO4J9U,

MightyRecruiter, “Cultural

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z/cultural- differences/?fbclid=IwAR2GRM5yci3u5hbbjwkpuvQsRhBQCmcnrHw6LDHGD

qEDkyQU9_DacXzfePQ,