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J. Rad. Res. Appl. Sci., Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 1171 - 1187 (2012)

Antimutagenic properties of fenugreek alkaloids and parsley oil Asmahan, A. M. Ali* and Hend, A. El- Zahrani** *National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority ,

Cairo, Egypt . **Faculty of Science (Girls), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi

Arabia. E. mail: [email protected] Received: 04/11/2012. Accepted: 31/12 /2012

ABSTRACT

Fenugreek and parsley used extensively in traditional medicines are increasingly being screened for their role in modulating the activity of environmental genotoxicants. This study aimed to examine the effect of two plant extracts, i.e. fenugreek alkaloids and parsley leaf oil on the action of two drugs, i.e. tegretol and sapofen in Vicia faba mitotic behavior. Also, studying gene expression by estimation of protein banding patterns using sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis (SDS-PAGE). Both drugs caused significant reduction of mitotic activity and significantly increased chromosomal abnormal percentages. However, tegretol caused more injury than sapofen in this trend. On the other hand, the two plant extracts were used, they exhibited antimutagenic activity against the two tested drugs, whereas they increased Vicia faba mitotic activity and decreased the percentage of chromosomal abnormalities. Fenugreek alkaloids was found to be more effective than parsley oil in this respect. Meanwhile, all treatments didn′t reveal any differences in SDS-proteins banding patterns compared with the control except for the two treatments: single treatment with tegretol and combined treatment with tegretol and parsley oil, which exhibited a reduction in the intensity of one band with molecular weight of: 18 KDa. This showed that fenugreek alkaloids improve the activity of tegretol genotoxicant effects in the combined treatment. The results of this study clearly indicate that both Fenugreek alkaloid and parsley leaf oil possess phytochemicals which have potential to modulate the genotoxicity of the two drugs (tegretol and sapofen) and may be used in the treatment of the side effects of these drugs.

Keywords, antimutagenic activity, fenugreek alkaloids, parsley oil, mitotic activity, chromosomal abnormalities and SDS-protein banding patterns.

Ali and El- zahrani, J. Rad. Res. Appl. Sci., Vol. 5, No. 6 (2012) 1172

INTRODUCTION

Most of the synthetic drugs have a side effects and cause chromosomal aberrations in various organisms. Many researches demonstrated that various drugs caused a cyto-and genotoxicity effects in different biological systems. Where, antiepileptic drugs such as; fenaton induced structural chromosomal aberrations, but diazebam caused numerical chromosomal aberrations (aneuploidy) and altered protein bands in mice-bone marrow cells and human-cell culture(1,2). However, phenoparpital caused cancer in various types of human cell cultures: liver, lung, brain, bone marrow and nervous cells(3). Meanwhile, megazole (anti-chages disease drug) induced DNA damage in mice lymphocytes(4). On the other side, anti-bacterial and parasites drugs; nitroimialazol and arnadazol reduced mitotic activity and increased sister chromatid exchanges in human blood lymphocytes culture(5.6). Also, antibiotics drugs such as: fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and macrolides induced sister chromatid exchanges in mice germ cells, While tetracycline, amoxicillin and streptomycin caused mitotic and meiotic aberrations in Pisum sativum(7,8). Higher plants used extensively in traditional medicines are increasingly being screened for their role in modulating the activity of environmental genotoxicants. The property of preventing carcinogenesis has been reported in many plant extracts. Most of these plants have been found to contain substances like glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids etc., that are frequently implicated as having antimutagenic effects(9-16). Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) of the family Fabaceae is a well known plant in Ayurvedic and Unani (Greek) medicine(17). Fenugreek antimutagenic effects may cause by their contents of alkaloids through reducing the increased blood glucose level, thereby preventing hyperglycemia during diabetes and reducing lipid profile to almost normal and suppressing the oxidative stress together with converting liver and kidney pathology caused by diabetes to normal pattern(18). It possess phytochemicals which have potential to modulate chromium genotoxicity in Allium cepa plant(19). Protective effects of fenugreek upon dieldrin-induced toxicity was reported in male rat(20). Aqueous fenugreek seed extract ameliorated the cytotoxicity and testicular alterations induced by adriamycin and cyclophosphamide in albino rats and this may be mediated by its potent antioxidant activities(21,22). Both ethanol extract of Fenugreek and its major alkaloid, trigonelline are promising natural antioxidants and may be used in the treatment of many diseases, especially diabetes mellitus(23). Fenugreek seeds extract can improve the testicular toxicity of carbendazim and this effect may be


attributed to its antioxidant properties(24). On the other side, parsley (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm.) of the family Umbelliferae is used extensively as a culinary herb for garnishing and seasoning. Bioassay-directed fractionation of parsley leaf oil has resulted in the isolation of an active compound named myristicin. Myristicin and other fractions were tested for their ability to induce increased activity of the detoxifying enzyme system glutathione S-transferase in several mouse target tissues. Myristicin showed high activity as a GST inducer in the liver and small intestinal mucosa(25). Parsley possesses antiulcerogenic principles which protect against gastric mucosal damage induced by indomethacin and noxious chemicals, through inhibition of basal gastric acid secretion (attenuation of aggressive factors) and stimulation of mucus secretion (potentiation of defensive factors)(26). But, parsley extracts failed to induce any antimutagenic effect of vincrestine drug in Drosophila melanogaster(27). While, Chinese parsley, a commonly used plant, can be safely used as a natural antioxidant alternative to synthetic additives for long-term storage in the feed or food industry(28). Anticancer efficacy of parsley seeds flavonoid (apigenin) was found in induced Mammary Adenocarcinoma (AMN3) mice(29). This study aimed to examine the effect of two plant extracts, i.e. fenugreek alkaloids and parsley leaf oil on the action of two drugs, i.e. tegretol and sapofen in Vicia faba mitotic behavior and gene expression by estimating protein banding patterns using sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis .

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Biological material:

Vicia faba plant, Giza 5 variety kindly provided by Crop Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt was used for this study.

Tested durgs *Tegretol:

Is antiepileptic and neurotropic agent, which is produced by Novartis, France. The drug is presented in tablet form, each tablet containing 20 mg carbamazepin. It is used to control grand mal and partial epileptic seizures. It′s side effects are: dizziness, drowsiness, disturbances and cerebella function. It should be avoided in patients with blood disorders, cardiac hepatic or renal disease. Drug dosage are:100-200 mg daily increased gradually to maximum: 1600-2000 mg daily in two divided doses(30). Concentration of drug :1800 mg carbamazepin / 1000 ml water was used in this study.


*Sapofen:

Is analgesic and anti inflammatory drug, which is produced by Abbott Laboratories Limited Co., in syrup form, each 1ml contain 20 mg ibuprofen. Its side effects are: skin rashes, abdominal pain, hear burn, dizziness and nausea. Drug dosage are:1200-1600 mg daily in 3 or 4 divided doses, but shouldn't be exceed 2400 mg(30) . Concentration of drug: 2100 mg ibuprofen / 1000 ml water was used in this study.

Tested plant extracts

*Fenugreek alkaliod extract:

Alkaloid of fenugreek (Trigonella goenum Graecum) was prepared as follows: fenugreek was purchased from the local traders, 100g of oven-dried (45 °C) seeds of plant sample was macerated with 70% methanol for 5 days. The filtrate was dried, concentrated to dryness in vacuum and weighed according to Harborn(31). Concentration of fenugreek alkaliod: 2.5 g fenugreek alkaliod /10 ml solvent of ethanol completed to 1000 ml with water was used in this study.

*Parsley leaf oil:

Oil leaf of parsley (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm)was obtained from Berj Chemical Co. (Bloom Field, NJ). Concentration of parsley leaf oil: 2.5g parsley leaf oil/10 ml solvent of ethanol completed to 1000 ml with water was used in this study.

Single treatments:

Vicia faba root meristems were treated with the pervious concentrations of the two drugs (tegretol & sapofen) and the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaliod & parsley leaf oil) for 24 hours (separate treatments).

Combined treatments:

Vicia faba root meristems were treated with the pervious concentrations of the two drugs (tegretol & sapofen) and the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaliod & parsley leaf oil) as follows: tegretol and fenugreek alkaliod; tegretol and parsley leaf oil; sapofen and fenugreek alkaliod; sapofen and parsley leaf oil for 24 hours (combined treatments). Water control was maintained simultaneously for assessment of spontaneous aberrations.

Cytological analysis

Treated and untreated control of Vicia faba root meristems of 2-3 ml


length were excised, fixed in carnoy solution (3:1 absolute ethyl alcohol and glacical acetic acid) for 24 h., and then kept in 70% ethanol in refrigerator at 4٠C until staining and examination. Aceto-carmine squash preparations were made and examined cytologically acorroding to Rank and Nielsen,1993(32). Five preparations from each treatment were examined to determine: mitotic index; different mitotic phases percentages; total abnormalities percentages; abnormal cells frequencies in different mitotic phases and different types of abnormalities frequencies. The data recorded for different treatments were statistically analyzed using t- test to determining significant differences between these treatments.

SDS-PAGE protein analysis

Water soluble proteins analysis were performed on vertical slab (20 cm x 20 cm x 0.2 cm) using the gel electrophoresis apparatus (Manfactured by LABCONCO) according to Laemmli ,1970(33). The fresh roots taken from treated and untreated Vicia faba plants were decoated and milled to fine powder. Soluble proteins were extracted over night using OX Tris– Hcl buffer of pH 6.8. Centrifugation was performed at 10000 rpm for 10 min. Then 40 µl of supernatant soluble proteins were loaded in SDS–slab gel of 15% acrylamide containing 10% SDS. Gel was run at a current of 15 m A for 1 hour followed by 25 m A for 4-5 h. Molecular weights of different bands were calibrated using the wide range protein marker ranged from 16-120 KDa according to Matta et al.,1981(34).

RESULTES AND DISCUSSION

Cytological analysis

The mitotic activity from V.faba control preparations was found to be 14.62 (Table1). Significant reduction in mitotic activity was obtained after the two drugs treatments and tegretol was more effective than sapofen in this respect (9.25 and 11.22) for tegretol and sapofen, respectively. But the two plant extracts treatments with either fenugreek alkaloids or parsley oil didn't affect the pervious trait. On the other hand, combined treatments with the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaloids or parsley oil) and the two drugs (tegretol or sapofen) showed that plant extract revealed antimutagenic effect against drug, whereas it increased mitotic activity, which showed significant reduction as a result of drug action (Table 1). Reduction in mitotic activity caused by many drugs which inhibited certain essential types of nuclear proteins to the mitotic cycle was reported(4,5,7,8). On the other side, modulating the activity of


environmental genotoxicants effects caused by many plant extracts and this effects may be attributed to its antioxidant properties (9-16).

Percentages of mitotic phases: pro, meta and ana-telo phases recorded were: 45.39%, 18.63% and 35.98% respectively in the control, while both drugs treatments caused unbalance of these percentages. Where, treatments reduced prophase percentage, but increased metaphase percentage and ana-telo phases percentage, which recorded 24.01%, 25.78% & 50.21% respectively after tegretol treatment and 30.68%, 22.30% & 47.02% respectively after sapofen treatment (Table,1). Reduction of prophase stage percentage after drugs treatments resulted in reduced cells number which inter the next mitotic division(4). However, the increased percentages of metaphase and (ana-telo) phases after drugs treatments would refer to the occurrence of abnormalities in these stages which might cause arrest at these stages(7). But, the two plant extracts treatments with either fenugreek alkaloids or parsley oil didn't affect the pervious trait. While, combined treatments with the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaloids or parsley oil) and the two drugs (tegretol or sapofen) showed that plant extract ameliorated the cytotoxic effects of drugs on mitotic phases percentages and these effects may be mediated by it′s antioxidant activities (Table 1). These results are in agreement with many researchers(10-16). Table (1): Effect of single and combined treatments with the two drugs (tegretol &

sapofen) and the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaloids & parsley oil) on mitotic activity in Vicia faba plants.

Treatments Total cells No.

Divided cells No.

Mitotic activity ± S.E.

Prophase%

Meta phase%

(Ana-Telo)

phase % Control 7566 1106 14.62 ± 0.81 45.39 18.63 35.98

Tegretol 7928 733 9.25** ± 1.39 24.01 25.78 50.21

Sapofen 6274 704 11.22* ± 1.22 30.68 22.30 47.02

Fenugreek 6189 831 13.43 ± 1.54 42.96 21.18 35.86

Parsley 6048 775 12.81 ± 0.87 41.84 18.84 39.23

Tegretol and Fenugreek

5249 630 12.00 ± 0.60 45.87 21.59 32.54

Tegretol and Parsley 5308 687 12.94 ± 1.15 40.61 21.54 37.85

Sapofen and Fenugreek

5816 800 13.76 ± 0.86 52.50 22.00 25.50

Sapofen and Parsley 6415 853 13.30 ± 0.61 47.71 19.85 32.44

* : Significant at 0.05 ; ** : Highly Significant at 0.01,using t-test


Table (2) shows chromosomal abnormalities observed after single and combined treatments with the two drugs (tegretol & sapofen) and the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaliod & parsley leaf oil) in V.faba plants. Significant increment in chromosomal abnormalities percentage were obtained after the two drugs treatments and tegretol was found to be more effective than sapofen in this respect, where it recorded 75.03% and 35.51% respectively (0.54% in control). The greatest portion of these abnormalities was observed in metaphase and ana-telo phase stages. But the two plant extracts treatments with either fenugreek alkaloids or parsley oil didn't affect the pervious trait. On the other hand, combined treatments with the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaloids or parsley oil) and the two drugs (tegretol or sapofen) showed values of 44.76%, 50.36%, 18.75% and 25.21% of chromosomal abnormalities respectively, which means that plant extract revealed antimutagenic effect against drug. These results cleared that fenugreek alkaloids was more effective than parsley oil in this respect (Table 2).

The induction of chromosomal abnormalities appear to be a common effect of many drugs in different biological systems(4,5.7.8). Modulating the activity of environmental genotoxicants effects caused by many plant extracts, which contain an active compounds that may modify the action of mutagens(9-

16).

Table(2): Total abnormalities percentages and abnormal mitotic phases in Vicia faba plants after single and combined treatments with the two drugs (tegretol & sapofen) and the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaloids & parsley oil).

Treatments

Div

ided

cel

ls N

o.

Abn

orm

al

cells

No.

Tot

al

abno

rmal

-iti

es %

±

S.E

.

Abn

orm

al

prop

hase

%

Abn

orm

al

met

apha

se%

Abn

orm

al

(ana

-te

lo)p

hase

%

Control 1106 6 0.54 ± 0.01 - 0.54 - Tegretol 733 550 75.03**±1.02 10.23 33.97 30.82 Sapofen 704 250 35.51**± 1.01 3.13 18.61 13.78 Fenugreek 831 50 6.02 ± 0.06 - 3-49 2.53 Parsley 775 101 13.03 ± 1.03 0.77 3.74 8.52 Tegretol and Fenugreek 630 282 44.76**± 1.03 6.83 24.75 13.18 Tegretol and Parsley 687 346 50.36** ± 1.02 9.46 24-89 16.01 Sapofen and Fenugreek 800 150 18.75* ± 1.06 2.25 10.50 6.00 Sapofen and Parsley 853 215 25.21* ± 1.56 3.52 13.95 7.74

* : Significant at 0.05 , ** : Highly Significant at 0.01, using t-test


Table (3) shows that the most dominant kinds of abnormalities occurred after drugs treatments were: disturbed chromosomes, C-metaphase and bi-nucleated cells after tegretol treatment. The recorded values of these abnormalities were 32.13%, 18.06% & 10.40% respectively. However, disturbed chromosomes & bi-nucleated cells were the types of abnormalities observed after sapofen treatment, which recorded 18.04% & 8.10% respectively. In addition, other abnormalities such as: stickiness, laggards, bridges, breaks, fragments and micronuclei were seen but with low frequencies in drugs treatments. But the two plant extracts treatments with either fenugreek alkaloids or parsley oil didn't affect the pervious trait. However, the combined treatments with the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaloids & parsley oil) and the two drugs (tegretol & sapofen) showed that plant extract improved the activity of drug genotoxicants effects on the previous trait (Table 3).These results are in agreement with many researchers(10-16).

Disturbed chromosomes were seen in all treatments in prophase, metaphase and anaphase (Fig.1: a ,b ,c, d, e, f, g & o) as the effect of treatment on spindle formation which lead to the loss of some chromosomes ability to attach with the spindle fibers. While, complete inhibition of treatment on the spindle formation would lead to C-metaphase where the chromosomes lose their ability to continue to anaphase and are arrested at metaphase (Fig.1: h & i). These findings are in agreement with many workers(6,7,9).

On the other hand, bi-nucleated cells were seen in all treatments (Fig.1: j & l), as a result of the prevention effect of the treatment on the cytokinesis formation(18).

Meanwhile, stickiness may result from the action of treated material on chromosome fibers leading to entanglement chromatin threads. Stickiness were observed in both metaphase and anaphase stages (Fig.1: d, g, m, n & s), which was found to cover the whole chromosome complement leading to the appearance of loss of chromatin masses(17-20),who attributed such stickiness to process of depolymerization of DNA, thus the chromosome surface becomes sticky.

However, chromosomal bridges were seen in both anaphase and telophase (Fig.1: f, s & u) and may be attributed to the general stickiness of chromosomes and subsequent failure of anaphase separation and thus remain connected by bridges. They may also be a result of chromosome breakage and reunion(20).


On the other side, breaks and fragments were observed after all treatments in three phases: metaphase, anaphase and telophase as the action of the treated material on chromosomes (Fig.1: d, e, o & t). These results are similar to those obtained by many drugs on DNA damages(10-16).

While, the occurrence of laggards at metaphase may result from hindrance of prometaphase movement of the chromosomes accompanied by adhesion of centromeres to adjacent inner surface of plasma membrane. The laggards were observed at metaphase (Fig.1: e), which failed to move properly toward poles and consequently, they appeared at the anaphase and telophase stages (Fig.1: o, p & t).These results are in agreement with many investigators(5,7,15).

Micronuclei were observed in prophase and interphase after some treatments which is the manifestation of chromosome damage and disturbance of the mitotic process (Fig.1: q & r). The micronuclei are almost acentric fragments, lagging chromosomes resulting from breakage of chromosomes which failed to move to either pole during anaphase of mitosis(9).

Table (3): Different types of abnormalities percentages in Vicia faba plants after single and combined treatments with the two drugs (tegretol & sapofen) and the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaloids & parsley oil).

Treatments

Tot

al a

bnor

- m

aliti

es%

Dist

rube

d

C-m

eta

phas

e

Bi n

ucl-

eate

d

Stic

knes

s

Lag

g-

ar

ds

Bri

dges

Bre

aks &

fr

agm

ents

Mic

ro-

nucl

eii

Control 0.54 - 0.54 - - - - - - Tegretol 75.03 32.13 18.06 10.40 5.18 1.36 1.36 1.36 5.18 Sapofen 35.51 18.04 2.13 8.10 2.13 1.70 0.57 1.42 1.42 Fenugreek 6.50 1.93 1.81 1.68 - 0.60 - 0.48 - Parsley 13.74 5.03 1.94 1.29 3.15 0.52 0.26 0.39 1.16 Tegretol and Fenugreek

44.76 21.44 7.91 6.83 6.83 1.27 - 0.48 -

Tegretol and Parsley

50.36 19.94 9.17 5.53 5.83 2.62 0.58 2.62 4.07

Sapofen and Fenugreek

18.75 6.86 1.50 4.38 3.88 1.00 0.25 0.38 0.50

Sapofen and Parsley

25.21 11.84 1.29 5.39 3.87 1.06 0.35 - 1.41


a b c d

g

f

e

i j l m

f

p q

h

n

r t

o

u s

Figure(1): Different mitotic abnormalities produced after single and combined treat -ments with the two drugs (tegretol & sapofen) and the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaloids & parsley oil): a, b, c: disturbed in prophase; d: disturbed, stickiness, fragment & break in metaphase; e: disturbed, laggard & break in metaphase; f: disturbed & bridge in anaphase; g: disturbed & stickiness in anaphase; h & i: C-metaphas; j & l: bi-nucleated; m: stickiness in metaphase; n: stickiness in anaphase; o: disturbed, laggard & fragment in anaphase; p: stickiness & laggard in anaphase; q: micronuclei in prophase; r: micronuclei in interphase; s: stickiness & bridge in anaphase; t: laggard, break & fragment in telophase; u: bridge in telophase.


SDS-PAGE protein analysis

Figure (2) shows SDS-PAGE banding patterns of SDS-proteins in Vicia faba root meristems after single and combined treatments with the two drugs (tegretol & sapofen) and the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaloids & parsley oil). All treatments didn′t reveal any variation in SDS-proteins banding patterns compared with the control except for the two treatments: single treatment with tegretol and combined treatment tegretol with parsley oil, which exhibited a reduction in the intensity of one band with molecular weight of: 18 KDa, which cleared that fenugreek alkaloids improving the activity of tegretol genotoxicant effects in the combined treatment. Alteration in band intensity could be attributed to change in the structure or performance of genes and thus producing changes in the gene expression of the regulatory genes used in the regulatory system of structural genes(35,36).

M C F P S (S+F) (S+P) T (T+F) (T+P) K.Da.

120 100 90 80 70 60 50 45 40 30 35 25 23 20 18 16

18 K Da

Figure(2): SDS-PAGE banding patterns of water soluble proteins in Vicia faba root meristems after single and combined treatments with the two drugs (tegretol & sapofen) and the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaloids & parsley oil).

{M: marker; C: control; F: fenugreek alkaloids; P: parsley oil; S: sapofen;T: tegretol}


The results of this study clearly indicate that both the two plant extracts (fenugreek alkaloids & parsley oil) have an antimutagenic effects against the two drugs (tegretol & sapofen), whereas it increased mitotic activity, which was significantly reduced after the action of the drug. Also, it reduced the percentages of chromosomal abnormalities, which was significantly increased by the two drugs. This clearly showed that fenugreek alkaloids was more effective than parsley oil in this respect. Similarly, SDS-PAGE protein analysis cleared that fenugreek alkaloids showed some improvement activity of tegretol genotoxicant effects in the combined treatment.

We suggest here that the mode of action of fenugreek alkaloids may be caused by their major constituents (trigonelline), which have potential to modulate drugs (tegretol & sapofen) genotoxicity. Many researchers found that fenugreek alkaloids reducing the increased blood glucose level, thereby preventing hyperglycemia during diabetes and reducing lipid profile to almost normal and suppressing the oxidative stress together with converting liver and kidney pathology caused by diabetes to normal pattern; modulating chromium genotoxicity in Allium cepa plant; improve the testicular toxicity of carben-dazim, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin in albino rats(18-22).

On the other hand, the mode of action of parsley leaf oil may be caused by the major active compound of it named myristicin, which have potential to modulate drugs (tegretol & sapofen) genotoxicity. Many researchers also found that myristicin showed high activity as a GST (glutathione S-transferase) inducer in the liver and small intestinal mucosa to induce an increase in the detoxifying enzyme activity by anticarcinogenic natural products has been found to correlate with their activity in the inhibition of tumorgenesis. Myristicin may be considered as a potential chemopreventive agent; possesses ant-iulcerogenic principles which protect against gastric mucosal damage induced by indomethacin and noxious chemicals, through inhibition of basal gastric acid secretion (attenuation of aggressive factors) and stimulation of mucus secretion (potentiation of defensive factors)(25,26).

Modifying the action of antimutagens on the living organismsmay occur through :1) activating the existing mutagens within the cell; 2) inhibiting the production of mutagens in the cell; 3) synergizing the activity of existing mutagens or 4) activating the pro mutagens within the cell into mutagens. In screening for antimutagenic effects, extracts of different plants involvement of certain factors that are intrinsic components of the extracts, ranging from


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اإلشعاعیةاإلشعاعیةبحوث بحوث مجلة المجلة ال والعلوم التطبیقیةوالعلوم التطبیقیة

)٢٠١٢( ١١٨٧ – ١١٧١ ص ص ٦ عدد ٥ مجلد

سلقلـویــدات الحلبــة وزیت البقـدون المضــادة لألطفــار خـواصال ھند عطیة الزھرانى **ـ على محمود حمدأ نھامـأس*

. مصـر ـالقاھرة ـ الذریة الطاقة ـ ھیئة اإلشعاع وتكنولوجیا لبحوث القومى المركز* . المملكة العربیة السعودیة ـجامعة الملك عبد العزیز ـ كلیة العلوم للبنات **

قلویدات الحلبة و زیت البقدونس :ن ھماإختبـارالمقدرة المضادة لالطفار لمستخلصیین نباتیی تم

التجریتول أو السابوفین وذلك من خالل القیاسات المیتوزیة:على نباتات الفول المعاملة بأى من العقارین SDS-Protein للبروتین الكھربي بالتفرید نباتات الفول المعاملة بروتینات جذور تقدیر و

Electrophoresis ) (وكانت النتائج كالتالى:

زیادة كفاءة االنقسام المیتوزى وإحداثمعنوى لبكال العقارین انخفاض المعامالت اظھرت* االستوائى الكولشسینى، التشتت: والتى كان من اھمھا المیتوزیة للشذوذات الكلیة للنسبة المعنویة عالیة

. وفین فى ھذا المجالوثنائیة النواة وعلى الجانب االخر اظھر عقار التجریتول تاثیرا أعلى عن الساب

التاثیر الطفرى للنباتات الفول المعاملة أدت المعاملة بأى من المستخلصیین النباتیین الى تقلیل*، المیتوزیة للشذوذات الكلیة كفاءة االنقسام المیتوزى وتقلیل النسبة بأى من العقارین حیث أدت إلى زیاد

.ر أعلى من زیت البقدونس فى ھذا المجال كما اظھرت قلویدات الحلبة مقدرة مضادة لالطفا

لعقار المعامـلة المفردة ان الفول نبـاتات لبروتین جذور الكھربي التفریـد نتـائج أظھرت*بروتینیة حزمة لتقلیل كثافةأدت زیت البقدونسالتجریتول والمعاملة المزدوجة لعقار التجریتول مع

الضابطة مما یدل على المقدرة المضادة لالطفار بالعینة ارنةمق كیلودالتون١٨جزیئى وزن ذات واحدة . لقلویدات الحلبة على عقار التجریتول فى المعاملة المزدوجة

أن كل من قلوید الحلبة وزیت أوراق البقدونس بھا مواد مضادة السابقة أوضحت النتائج .ار الجانبیة للعدید من األدویةومضادات لألكسدة الطبیعیة ویمكن استخدامھا في عالج اآلث لالطفار

antimutagenic properties of fenugreek alkaloids and ...esrsaeg.net/vol5-6/6.pdf · fenugreek...

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