Essential Essential Question:Question:Essential Essential Question:Question:

Champion of Champion of the the

“Common “Common Man”?Man”?

““King”King”Andrew?Andrew?OROR

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860

Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860

Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?

Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?

3 White male suffrage increasedWhite male suffrage increased

3 Party nominating committees.Party nominating committees.

3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.Presidential electors.

3 Spoils system.Spoils system.

3 Rise of Third Parties.Rise of Third Parties.

3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)floats, etc.)

The “Common The “Common Man’s”Man’s”

Presidential Presidential CandidateCandidate

The “Common The “Common Man’s”Man’s”

Presidential Presidential CandidateCandidate

Results of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 ElectionResults of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 Election

AA

““Corrupt Corrupt BargainBargain??

””

AA

““Corrupt Corrupt BargainBargain??

””

Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824

Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824

Henry ClayHenry Clay[KY][KY]

John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]

John C. John C. CalhounCalhoun

[SC][SC]

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

The Center of The Center of Population in thePopulation in the

Country Moves WESTCountry Moves WEST

The Center of The Center of Population in thePopulation in the

Country Moves WESTCountry Moves WEST

The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”

The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”

3 The Planter Elite in the The Planter Elite in the SouthSouth

3 People on the FrontierPeople on the Frontier

3 State Politicians – State Politicians – spoils spoils systemsystem

3 Immigrants in the Immigrants in the cities.cities.

Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common

Man”Man”

Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common

Man”Man”3 Intense distrust of EasternIntense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” “establishment,” monopolies, & special monopolies, & special privilege.privilege.

3 His heart & soul was with His heart & soul was with thethe“plain folk.”“plain folk.”

3 Belief that the common man Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon was capable of uncommon achievements.achievements.

Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident

Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident

1830183018301830 WebsterWebster::

Liberty and Union, now Liberty and Union, now andand forever, one and forever, one and inseparable.inseparable. JacksonJackson:: Our Federal Union—it must Our Federal Union—it must bebe preserved. preserved.

CalhounCalhoun:: The Union, next to our The Union, next to our liberty,liberty, most dear. most dear.

1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict

1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict• South hated tariffSouth hated tariff

• South Carolina says they South Carolina says they can’t afford tariffcan’t afford tariff

• Jackson increases tariffJackson increases tariff• V.P. John C. Calhoun from V.P. John C. Calhoun from

SCSC• Calhoun quits as VP to Calhoun quits as VP to

become SC Senatorbecome SC Senator

NullificationNullification• Calhoun leads the fight to nullify Calhoun leads the fight to nullify

the tariff.the tariff.• Jackson doesn’t think the states Jackson doesn’t think the states

can do thiscan do this• S.C. threatens to secede if the S.C. threatens to secede if the

tariff isn’t decreasedtariff isn’t decreased• Jackson threatens to invade and Jackson threatens to invade and

hang every traitor in S.C.hang every traitor in S.C.• S.C. doesn’t want to test JacksonS.C. doesn’t want to test Jackson• Henry Clay helps negotiate a Henry Clay helps negotiate a

reduced tariff.reduced tariff.

The Cherokee The Cherokee NationNation

The Cherokee The Cherokee NationNation• Prevalent in Georgia

• Had Constitution

• Had Congressional Districts

• Had Supreme Court

• Not disturbing U.S.

• Had Schools

• Highly Sophisticated Gov’t. modeled after U.S.

• Took a lot of land.

• People wanted land to grow Cotton

Indian RemovalIndian Removal– Georgia tells Cherokees to get out– Cherokees sue; Supreme Ct. sides with

them but Jackson disregards the decision.

– Sign that U.S. Interests come before Indian Interests

– Cannot have separate Indian Nations within the U.S.

– Indian Removal – 1830 – 1839

The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820

The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal

Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)

Trail of Tears Trail of Tears

– Trail of Tears (“Nuna dual tsuny” – Cherokee Phrase – “This is the trail where tears are shed”)

• 25 % Die; About 4000• 46,000 Forced to leave to go 1000 Miles• Attacked along the way; things stolen• No Doctors• Native Americans leaving their area.• About NJ to Western Ohio

Jackson’s Professed “Love” Jackson’s Professed “Love” forfor

Native AmericansNative Americans

Jackson’s Professed “Love” Jackson’s Professed “Love” forfor

Native AmericansNative Americans

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

NicholasNicholasBiddleBiddle

PresidentPresidentJacksonJackson

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

NicholasNicholasBiddleBiddle

PresidentPresidentJacksonJackson

• National Bank needs to be careful who it gives loans to.• The bank should work work to control the economy.

• Banks should provide loans to the common man who really need them. • If the National Bank is not working for the people it should be destroyed.

Opposition to the 2Opposition to the 2ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.Opposition to the 2Opposition to the 2ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.

“Soft”(paper) $

“Soft”(paper) $

“Hard”(specie) $

“Hard”(specie) $

3 state bankers state bankers feltfeltit restrained it restrained theirtheirbanks from banks from issuingissuingbank notes bank notes freely.freely.

3 supported rapid supported rapid

economic economic growth growth & speculation.& speculation.

3 felt that coin was felt that coin was

the only safethe only safecurrency.currency.

3 didn’t like any didn’t like any bankbankthat issued bankthat issued banknotes.notes.

3 suspicious of suspicious of expansion &expansion &speculation.speculation.

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

3 ““pet banks”pet banks”

3 1832 1832 Jackson vetoed Jackson vetoed thethe extension of the 2 extension of the 2ndnd National Bank of National Bank of thethe United States. United States.

3 1836 1836 the charter the charter expired.expired.

3 1841 1841 the bank went the bank went bankrupt! bankrupt!

The Downfall of “Mother The Downfall of “Mother Bank”Bank”

The Downfall of “Mother The Downfall of “Mother Bank”Bank”

An 1832 An 1832 Whig Whig

PartyParty

Cartoon:Cartoon:

““KingKingAndrew”Andrew”

??

An 1832 An 1832 Whig Whig

PartyParty

Cartoon:Cartoon:

““KingKingAndrew”Andrew”

??

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

MainMainIssueIssue??

The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1836) (1836)

The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1836) (1836)3 ““wildcat banks.”wildcat banks.”

3 buy future federalbuy future federalland only with gold land only with gold ororsilver.silver.

3 Jackson’s goalJackson’s goal??

Results of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie CircularResults of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie Circular

$ Banknotes loose their Banknotes loose their value.value.

$ Land sales plummeted.Land sales plummeted.

$ Credit not available.Credit not available.

$ Businesses began to fail.Businesses began to fail.

$ Unemployment rose.Unemployment rose.The Panic of 1837!The Panic of 1837!

The 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResultsThe 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResults

Martin Van Martin Van BurenBuren

““Old Old Kinderhook”Kinderhook”

[O. K.][O. K.]

The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!