andrew jackson 1767 - 1845 jacksonian democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the us...
TRANSCRIPT
Andrew Jackson 1767 - 1845
Jacksonian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the US Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. Use your knowledge of the 1820’s and 1830’s to explain the extent to which you agree with the Jacksonians’ view of themselves.
““King”King”Andrew?Andrew?
Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c
Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c
Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860
Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860
Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?
Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?3 White male suffrage increased – new states White male suffrage increased – new states introduce universal male suffrage. RI – Dorr introduce universal male suffrage. RI – Dorr Rebellion (1842)Rebellion (1842)
3 Party nominating committees.Party nominating committees.
3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.Presidential electors.
3 Spoils system.Spoils system.
3 Rise of Third Parties.Rise of Third Parties.
3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)floats, etc.)
3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:election:
Dem-Reps Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Natl. Reps.(1828) WhigsWhigs (1832) (1832) Republicans (1854) Republicans (1854)
Democrats (1828)Democrats (1828)
Jackson’s First Jackson’s First Hermitage Hermitage ResidenceResidence
Jackson’s First Jackson’s First Hermitage Hermitage ResidenceResidence
First Known First Known Painting Painting
of Jackson, 1815of Jackson, 1815
First Known First Known Painting Painting
of Jackson, 1815of Jackson, 1815
General Jackson General Jackson During the During the
Seminole Wars Seminole Wars (1817)(1817)
General Jackson General Jackson During the During the
Seminole Wars Seminole Wars (1817)(1817)
Wars would not end until 1842
The “Common The “Common Man’s”Man’s”
Presidential Presidential CandidateCandidate
The “Common The “Common Man’s”Man’s”
Presidential Presidential CandidateCandidate
Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824
Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824
Henry ClayHenry Clay[KY][KY]
John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]
John C. John C. CalhounCalhoun
[SC][SC]
William H. CrawfordWilliam H. Crawford[GA][GA]
Results of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 ElectionResults of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 Election
AA
““CorrCorrupt upt
BargaBargainin?”?”
AA
““CorrCorrupt upt
BargaBargainin?”?”
Accomplishments of John Quincy Adams
• Senate – voted against Embargo of 1807
• Secretary of State– Treaty of Ghent (1814)– Adams-Onis Treaty – 1819, Spain
ceded Florida, the US gave up Texas. (Seminole War)
– Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Accomplishments of John Quincy Adams
• President #6 1825-29
• House of Representatives – 8 terms
• Defense attorney in Amistad Slave Revolt Case – 1841
• Had “gag rule” repealed – could not discuss slavery in Senate
Beliefs of John Quincy Adams
• Second Bank of US• Opposed annexation of
Texas (anti-slavery)• Nationalist (American
System – public University, weather stations)
• Sympathized with Indians
Rachel JacksonRachel JacksonRachel JacksonRachel Jackson
Final Divorce DecreeFinal Divorce Decree
Jackson in Jackson in Mourning for His Mourning for His
WifeWife
Jackson in Jackson in Mourning for His Mourning for His
WifeWife
1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults
1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults
The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”
The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”
3 The Planter Elite in the The Planter Elite in the SouthSouth
3 People on the FrontierPeople on the Frontier
3 State Politicians – State Politicians – spoils spoils systemsystem “Turn the rascals out, put our rascals in.”
3 Immigrants in the Immigrants in the cities.cities.
Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common
Man”Man”
Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common
Man”Man”3 Intense distrust of EasternIntense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” “establishment,” monopolies, & special monopolies, & special privilege.privilege.
3 His heart & soul was with His heart & soul was with thethe“plain folk.”“plain folk.”
3 Belief that the common man Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon was capable of uncommon achievements.achievements.
The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”
The Inaugural Brawl!The Inaugural Brawl!
The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”
The Inaugural Brawl!The Inaugural Brawl!
Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident
Andrew Jackson as Andrew Jackson as PresidentPresident
The The “Peggy Eaton “Peggy Eaton Affair”Affair”
The The “Peggy Eaton “Peggy Eaton Affair”Affair”Eaton was the wife of
Sec. of War and other wives thought she was an adulteress, so they refused to sit with her at dinner. Jackson demanded, and the cabinet resigned, Calhoun then fell out of favor with Jackson. Van Buren befriended Eaton and thus Jackson “chose” Van Buren to succeed him as president.
1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict
1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict3 1828 -->1828 --> “Tariff of “Tariff of
Abomination” Abomination”
3 South Carolina’s South Carolina’s reactionreaction? - Nullification? - Nullification
3 Jackson’s responseJackson’s response? Force ? Force BillBill
3 Clay’s “Compromise” Clay’s “Compromise” TariffTariff? Gradual reduction ? Gradual reduction (1832-42)(1832-42)
“The Nullies” v Jackson
• John C Calhoun (VP Under Adams and Jackson) wrote South Carolina Exposition (1828)– “Concurrent Majority” – a federal
law that is harmful to states can be declared null and void via a convention of the people.
• Jackson’s Response – Threatened military force and “Force Bill”
What steps were taken to avoid a military conflict?
Jackson and The Native Americans
• 1828 The Cherokee Tribes of Georgia wrote and adopted a constitution with 3 branch government.– Georgia declared the Cherokee Assembly
illegal (SC ruled in favor of Indians)• Cherokee Nation v Georgia – state has no
authority in tribal legislation• Worcester v Georgia – same ruling by John
Marshall• Jackson’s Response:
– “John Marshall had made his decision, now let him enforce it.”
*How does this quote from Jackson show his increasing strength as President?
The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820
The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820
Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal
Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)
Indian Removal Act of 1830
• 100,000 Indians moved from east of Mississippi
• 1832 – Black Hawk War• 1835-42 Osceola and Florida
Seminoles• 1838-39 “Trail of Tears” 15,000
Cherokees, 116 days – 4,000 deaths (25%)– 100 million acres given up– $68 million paid out, 32 million acres in
West
Jackson’s Jackson’s Professed “Love” Professed “Love”
forforNative AmericansNative Americans
Jackson’s Jackson’s Professed “Love” Professed “Love”
forforNative AmericansNative Americans
Jacksonians on States’ Rights
• Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837)– States, not federal government, had
power to enter into contracts regarding infrastructure, transportation.
• Maysville Road Veto - I am not able to view [the Maysville Road Bill] in any other light than as a measure of purely local character.... It has no connection with any established system of improvements; [and] is exclusively within the limits of a State [Kentucky]....
Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power
Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power
VETOVETO
1830 1830 Maysville RoadMaysville Road projectproject in KY [state of his in KY [state of his political rival, Henry political rival, Henry Clay] Clay]
The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate
The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate
NicholasNicholasBiddleBiddle
PresidentPresidentJacksonJackson
“The Hydra of Corruption” – The Bank Wars
• Nicholas Biddle – President of Bank of US– Functions – print stable currency,
keep federal money, control gold and silver, source of credit
• 1832 – Clay and Webster wanted to use the renewal of the charter to embarrass the President – if he passed the charter he would anger his followers, if he vetoed it the wealthy would be upset.
– *How did the veto increase the power of President?
Opposition to the Opposition to the 22ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.
Opposition to the Opposition to the 22ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.
“Soft”(paper) $
“Soft”(paper) $
“Hard”(specie) $
“Hard”(specie) $
3 state bankers state bankers feltfeltit restrained it restrained theirtheirbanks from banks from issuingissuingbank notes bank notes freely.freely.
3 supported rapid supported rapid
economic economic growth growth & speculation.& speculation.
3 felt that coin was felt that coin was
the only safethe only safecurrency.currency.
3 didn’t like any didn’t like any bankbankthat issued bankthat issued banknotes.notes.
3 suspicious of suspicious of expansion &expansion &speculation.speculation.
“The Moneyed Monster” The Bank War
• 1833 Jackson removed most Federal money from Bank of US– Effect – Panic of 1837 – What did
Biddle have to do?
• “Pet Banks”• Specie Circular – US Treasury required
all new land purchased be secured with gold or silver. (1836)
The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!
The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!3 ““pet banks”pet banks”??
3 1832 1832 Jackson vetoed Jackson vetoed thethe extension of the 2 extension of the 2ndnd National Bank of National Bank of thethe United States. United States.
3 1836 1836 the charter the charter expired.expired.
3 1841 1841 the bank went the bank went bankrupt! bankrupt!
The Downfall of The Downfall of “Mother Bank”“Mother Bank”The Downfall of The Downfall of “Mother Bank”“Mother Bank”
Hydra of Corruption
An An 1832 1832 CartoCartoon:on:
““KingKingAndreAndrew”w”??
An An 1832 1832 CartoCartoon:on:
““KingKingAndreAndrew”w”??
1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults
1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults
MainMainIssueIssue??
The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1836) (1836)
The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1836) (1836)3 ““wildcat banks.”wildcat banks.”
3 buy future federalbuy future federalland only with gold land only with gold ororsilver.silver.
3 Jackson’s goalJackson’s goal??
Results of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie CircularResults of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie Circular$ Banknotes lose their Banknotes lose their value.value.
$ Land sales plummeted.Land sales plummeted.
$ Credit not available.Credit not available.
$ Businesses began to fail.Businesses began to fail.
$ Unemployment rose.Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!The Panic of 1837!
The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!
Andrew Jackson in Andrew Jackson in RetirementRetirement
Andrew Jackson in Andrew Jackson in RetirementRetirement
Photo of Andrew Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844Jackson in 1844
(one year before his (one year before his death)death)
Photo of Andrew Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844Jackson in 1844
(one year before his (one year before his death)death)
1767 - 18451767 - 1845
“The Era of the Common Man”
• Social mixture• Universal Male Suffrage• Popular Campaigning• Increased Power of President
(through veto)• Kitchen Cabinet• Roger Taney in Supreme
Court