ancient egypt dynasties & pharaohs 1. the whole civilization of ancient egypt lasted from about...
TRANSCRIPT
Ancient Egypt
Dynasties&
Pharaohs
1
The whole civilization of Ancient Egypt lasted from about 3100 B.C. to about 525 B.C. or just over 2500 years. If you include the time during which the Egyptians were under the control of the Persians, Greeks, and Romans but were still basically following their own culture, then it is over 3000 years. During that time, there were at least 20 different dynasties with many different rulers. Historians divide the long history into different periods.
2
Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100
B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –
1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
3
Old Kingdom
Lower Egypt crown Upper Egypt crown
Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt were once separate kingdoms
and the kings or pharaohs wore two different crowns.
4
King Menes / Pharoah Narma
• United Upper and Lower Egypt into ONE kingdom
• Established the first capital of Egypt in Memphis.
5
Sobek - the Crocodile God
Worshiped at the first capital of Egypt, named Memphis or sometimes called
Crocodilopolis 6
Pharaoh Djoser
• Pharaoh Djoser had his architect, Imhotep build a great burial tomb which started out as a mastaba, or tomb, but became the Step Pyramid.
8
Pharaoh Djoser
9
Imhotep - Pyramid Designer / Engineer
10
Mastabas
11
Step Pyramid of Djoser
12
Step Pyramid of Djoser
13
Pharaoh SneferuDeveloped the building of
Egyptian pyramids through practice.
• Built the pyramid at Meidum
• Built the Bent Pyramid• Built the Red Pyramid
where he was buried.
14
Sneferu’s Pyramid at Meidum
15
Sneferu’s Bent Pyramid
16
Sneferu’s Red Pyramid
17
Pharaoh Khufu / Cheops
• Son of Pharaoh Sneferu• Built the Great Pyramid on the Plateau of
Giza.• Largest of the Pyramids of Ancient Egypt
18
Khufu’s Pyramid - The Great Pyramid
19
Look at the size of the pyramid blocks...
20
Khufu’s “Solar” Boat
21
Pharaoh Khafre / Chephren
• Son of Khufu• Built 2nd largest pyramid on Giza Plateau• Built many statues including the Sphinx
23
Khafre’s Pyramid
24
Khafre’s Pyramid
25
Khafre’s Sphinx
26
Khafre’s Sphinx
27
Khafre’s Sphinx
28
Pharaoh Menkaure
• Son of Khafre• Built smallest pyramid on Plateau of Giza
29
Menkaure’s Pyramid
30
Menkaure’s Pyramid
31
Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100
B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –
1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
32
Queen / Pharaoh Hatshepsut
• Wife of Thutmose II• When Thutmose II died, his son Thutmose
III was too young to rule, so Hatshepsut took the throne.
• Hatshepsut transformed herself from a queen to a Pharaoh.
33
34
Queen Hatshepsut’s Mummy
Queen Hatshepsut’s mummy was found buried in her temple in a tomb in the Valley
of the Kings.
35
Queen Hatshepsut’s Temple
Queen Hatshepsut had this temple built as a tomb for both her and her husband Thutmose II. It is located in an area called the Valley of the Kings where many other pharaohs are also buried.
• Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten• Considered the “ideal” beauty in Egyptian society. • May have been even more famous than her husband, the
pharaoh.
Queen Nefertiti
37
Queen Nefertiti
38
• Known as the “boy king” because ruled and died at such a young age (maybe 18 or 19 years old).
• His tomb was untouched when found by Egyptologists in 1922.
• Famous for the amazing treasures found in his tomb.
• “The Curse of King Tut”
Tutankhamen / King Tut
40
41
King Tut Burial Mask
Found in King Tut’s Tomb with
his mummy
The Valley of the Kings
42
King Tut’s Sarcophagus
43
A collection of the items found in King Tut’s tomb can be seen in a museum in Cairo,
Egypt.
King Tut’s Sarcophagus
44
King Tut’s Mummy
44
King Tut’s Mummy
46
47
King Tut’s face recreated by a computer from his mummy
This is what Egyptologists think King Tut may have
looked like, based on a computer
reconstruction made from his mummy
Pharaoh Ramses II
• A strong military leader.• Participated in the first written treaty with
the Hittites.• Had many wives and more than 100
children.• Ruled over Egypt for 67 years… Pharaoh for
longest period.49
Pharaoh Ramses II Temple/Tomb
50
Pharaoh Ramses II Statues
51
Pharaoh Ramses II mummy
53
Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100
B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –
1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
54
• Seen as the last true Egyptian Queen before Egypt was taken over by foreign invaders.
55
Cleopatra
Periods of Ancient Egyptian HistoryPre-dynastic Egypt (4000 B.C. – 3100
B.C.)Old Kingdom (3100 B.C. – 2600 B.C.)
First Intermediate Period (2600 B.C. – 2000 B.C.)
Middle Kingdom (2000 B.C. – 1786 B.C.)Second Intermediate Period (1786 B.C. –
1539 B.C.)New Kingdom (1539 B.C. – 1085 B.C.)
Third Intermediate Period (1085 B.C. – 525 B.C.)
Persian Rule (525 B.C. – 332 B.C.)Greek Rule (332 B.C. – 50 B.C.)
Roman Rule (50 B.C. to 700 A.D.)Islamic Rule (700 A.D. – 1500 A.D.)
57