anatomy and physiology obstetric
DESCRIPTION
obstetricTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
OBSTETRIC NURSINGANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
GROUP 1
![Page 2: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
FEMALEREPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
![Page 4: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
EXTERNAL GENITALIAFEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
![Page 5: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
INTERNAL ORGAN FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
![Page 7: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
VAGINA
STRUCTURE: Panjang dinding posterior – 10cm Panjang dinding anterior -7cm Tiub fibromuscular berongga dan elastic -vagina berupaya untuk dilate dan contract semasa proses
melahirankan anakFUNGSI: Membenarkan darah haid keluarOrgan seks wanita yang mrnerima sperm dari lelakiSebagai saluran kelahiran secara normal
![Page 8: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
UTERUS
STRUCTURE: • Sebuah organ berongga seakan buah pear.• Saiz 7.5cm panjang,5cm lebar dan 2.5cm tebal.• Lapisan dinding uterus terdiri drpd 3 lapisan:
Perimetrium: dibentuk oleh peritoneum meliputi organ uterus.Miometrium: -bahagian paling tebal dan kaya dengan salur
darah dan saraf. -kontrak dan relax dalam proses kelahiran Endometrium: terdiri drpd epithelium kolumnar yang banyak kelenjar
menghasilkan sekresi
![Page 10: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
FUNGSI :Haid : pengeluaran darah haid adalah keluhuran lapisan
sementara yg terbentuk pada lapisan endometrium. Kehamilan : hasil persenyawaan akan tertanam ke dalam
endometrium berkembang dan membentuk fetus. Kelahiran : -otot dinding uterus kontrak dengan kuat
untuk kelahiran bayi -mengeluarkan bayi bila cukup umur
![Page 11: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FALLOPIAN TUBE
STRUCTURE :- Diliputi oleh membrane peritoneum.
-dindingnya bebas otot. Kuncupan otot membantu pergerakan ovum secara
peristalsis.FUNGSI : - Salur perjalanan ovum dari ovary ke
uterus -persenyawaan biasanya berlaku di
salur fallopian
![Page 13: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
OVARYSTRUCTURE: -setiap ovary merupai almond shape,pearly
gray(putih kelabu) atas ketebalan tunicaalbuginea(covering)
-dua ovary -satu di setiap sisi uterus -mempunyai 2 lapisan: madula dan korteks saiz – 2.5cm panjang 2cm lebar 1cm tebalFUNGSI : -menghasilkan ovum -menghasilkan hormone estrogen dan progestron
![Page 15: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
![Page 17: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• DEFINISI – pendarahan fisiologi yang berlaku di endometrium uterus disebabkan oleh hormone perempuan dalam lingkungan umur beranak.
• Hormon2 yang terlibat• Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone• Follicle-stimulating hormone• Luteinizing hormone • Estrogens• Progesterone
![Page 18: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
FASA KITARAN HAID• Fasa haid(4 hari) – apabila tiada fertilisasi & corpus luteum merosot.ini
akan menurunkan paras progesterone/oestrogen
• Fasa proliferative – mula dari masa hujung haid(ovulasi).FSH ransang
salah 1 20 folikel ovary untuk menjadi matang(folikel dominan).folikel
dominan akan menjadi matang & membesar seterusnya menghasilkan
hormone oestrogen.oestrogen ransang proliferasi lapisan endometrium
untuk menerima ovum yang disenyawakan.endometrium akan menjadi
tebal.ovulasi akan berakhir & oestrogen akan menurun.
![Page 20: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Fasa secretory – selepas ovulasi &sebelum
haid.tempoh tetap ialah 14 hari sebelum haid.selepas
ovulasi, folikel matang akan menyebabkan corpus
luteum merosot selepas 2 minggu & menjadi corpus
albican.LH mempengaruhi corpus luteum
menghasilkan progesterone & oestrogen.
![Page 21: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
FETAL SKULL
![Page 23: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PEMBAHAGIAN FETAL SKULL
• 2 tulang frontal• 2 tulang parietal• 1 tulang occipital• 2 tulang temporal
![Page 24: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
FONTANELLE
• Anterior fontanelle• Berbentuk layang2 atau berlian• Saiz 3.5cm X 2cm• Tertutup 16-18bulan• Posterior fontanelle• Betuk segi 3• Saiz muat 1 jari• Tertutup selepas 6-8/52
![Page 26: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
OCCIPUT – antara foramen magnum & fontanelle
VERTEX – anterior fontanelle, 2 parietal eminence & posterior fontanelle
SINSIPUT – tulang frontal
DIAMETERS• Transverse diameter• Biparietal – 9.5cm, di antara parietal eminences• Bitemporal – 8cm, di antara coronal suture• Longitudinal diameter
![Page 28: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
FEMALE PELVIS
![Page 30: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
FERTILIZATION &DEVELOPMENT OF FETUS
![Page 32: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
PROCESS OF CONCEPTION FERTILIZATION• Proses penyatuan sel sperma dengan ovum.
Biasanya berlaku di bahagian ampullatiub fallopian.• Sel-sel manusia mempunyai 46 kromosom (23
pasang).• 1 pasang adalah kromosom• 22 pasangan autosom• Sel perempuan mengandungi 1 pasang kromosom X
atau XX.• Sel lelaki mengandungi 1 kromosom X dan Y atau XY.
![Page 33: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
BAGAIMANA PERSENYAWAAN BERLAKU?
• Selepas ovulasi ovum bergerak di dalam tiub fallopian menuju ke uterus dengan bantuan silia dan pergerakan peristalsis.
• Serviks dengan pengaruh estrogen mukus alkali yang akan menarik sperm.
• Lebih kurang 300 juta sperm dikeluarkan semasa intercourse.
• Ovum + sperm• ( intercouse yg blaku tidak lbh drpd 48 jam sebelum
atau 24 jam selepas ovulasi)
![Page 35: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Hari pertama
• Zigot akan bergerak melalui Fallopian ke Uterus dgn bantuan Cillia dan
gerakkan peristalsis
• Cleavage atau pembahagian sel akan berlaku
Hari kedua
• Setelah terbentuk cleavage Zigot dibahagikan kpd 2 sel
Hari ketiga
• Sel zigot dibahagi lagi kpd 4 sel
Hari keempat
• Pembahagian sel semakin meningkat menjadi 16 sel
• Morula terbentuk
![Page 37: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Hari kelima
• Morula menjadi blastocyst yg merupakan satu berbola yg berlubang dan mengandungi
cecair
• Trophoblast yg merupakan lapisan sel luar akan membentuk plasenta dan chorin
• Inner cell mass akan membentuk fetus dan amnion
Hari keenam
• Blastocyst akan bergerak ke dalam ruang uterus
Hari ke 7 – 10
• Implantasi ovum dalam uterus
• Pembentukan desidua : i) Decidua Basalis – tmpat letak blastocyst
: ii) Decidua Capsularis – bahagian yg menyelaputi blastocyst
: iii) Decidua Vera – bahagian yg menyelaputi uterus
![Page 38: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
DEVELOPMENT OF FETUS
![Page 39: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
DEVELOPMENT OF FETUS
1-4 minggu pertama kandungan ibu hamil• Pembentukan plat embrionik• Pembentukan sistem sarat pusat primitif• Jantung di bentuk dan mula berdenyut
4-8 minggu pertama kandungan ibu hamil• Kepala dan ciri-ciri muka dibentuk• Semua anggota utama dalam bentuk primitif• Genitalia external dibentuk tapi seks belum dibezakan• Dapat dilihat di ultrasound pada minggu ke-6
8-12 minggu pertama kandungan ibu hamil• Kelopak mata bercantum dan buah pinggang dibentuk• Peredaran darah berfungsi• Seks yang nyata• Fetus bergerak bebas tetapi tidak dirasai ibu
![Page 40: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
8-10 WEEKS FETUS
![Page 41: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
12-16 minggu pertama • Perkembangan skeletal dan septum hidung serta lelangit bercantum• Jantina dikenalpasti16-20• Quickening berlaku• Denyutan jantung kedengaran semasa auskaltasi• Kuku kelihatan20-24• Teransang ke arah bunyi• Masa tidur dan aktiviti • Kulit merah dan berkedut24-28• Kelopak mata boleh dibuka• Pergerakan respirasi28-32• Testes turun ke dalam scrotum32-36• Rambut memanjang• Rawan telinga lembut36-40• Fetus hidup jika dilahirkan• Tengkorak yang teguh
![Page 42: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
MAMARY GLAND
![Page 45: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
MACRO STRUCTURE
• Nipple• Areola
![Page 46: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
MICROSCOPIC
• Milk duct• Lobule containing alveoli• Adipose tissue in superficial fascia• Suspensory ligament of the breast (Cooper’s
ligament)• Deep fascia• Pectoralis major muscle
![Page 47: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
FUNCTION OF THE BREAST
• Hormone prolactin dirangsang oleh anterior pituitary gland untuk menghasilkan susu selepas kelahiran.
• Hormone oxytocin dari posterior pituitary gland merangsang pengeluaran susu apabila putting breast dihisap oleh bayi.
![Page 50: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION
![Page 52: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Anatomy and Physiology Obstetric](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022051501/577cc7801a28aba711a12437/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
THANK YOU….