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AN ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION USED BY HELEN
KELLER AS A DEAF BLIND WOMAN ON GEORGE SULLIVAN
NOVEL “HELEN KELLER”
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
in Ethis TTTnglish Education
Written By:
NURUL FADHILAH
08360205
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
iv
AN ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION USED BY HELEN
KELLER AS A DEAF BLIND WOMAN ON GEORGE SULLIVAN
NOVEL “HELEN KELLER”
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
in Ethis TTTnglish Education
Written By:
NURUL FADHILAH
08360205
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2013
v
This thesis written by Nurul Fadhilah approved on May 2, 2013.
By
Advisor II, Advisor I,
Dra. Thathit Manon A, M.Hum Iswahyuni, M.P
vi
This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of Faculty of Teacher
Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
on May 2, 2013
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Dr. M. Syaifuddin, M.M.
Examiners: Signatures:
1. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd 1. ……………….
2. Dr. Sri Hartiningsih, M.M 2. ……………….
3. Iswahyuni, M.Pd 3. ……………….
4. Dra. Thathit Manon A, M.Hum 4. ……………….
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ACKNOWLADGEMENTS
Alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah SWT, the main source of strength who
always gives the writer strength and patience to finish this thesis. Shalawat and
greetings may always be upon the holy prophet Muhammad SAW.
The writer would like to express her highest gratitude to her thesis advisor,
Mrs. Iswahyuni, M.Pd and Mrs. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum who have been very
helpful, kind, and patient in giving advice, ideas, and valuable time during the
process of this thesis writing.
The writer would say thanks to Muhammadiyah University of Malang and
English Department (thanks for giving her a chance to study here), all the lecturers
and friends at English Department for help and support. Beside, the writer also would
say thanks for her mother, father, and her brother and sister, and anyone who always
pray for her, give support and give her never ending love.
The writer hopes Allah SWT will give them in return all of the good things
that have been given to her.
Finally, the writer hopes that this thesis is useful to the reader in deeper
comprehension on reading subject.
Malang, 24 April 2013
Nurul Fadhilah
viii
Motto and Dedication
“Nothing impossible if we pray and try”
“…Allah will rise up to (suitable) ranks (and degree),
those of you who believe and who have knowledge…”
( Q.S. al Mujaddalah: 11 )
"The most beautiful things in the world are not seen nor touched.
They are felt with the heart."
-Helen Keller-
Dedication :
My beloved Dad “Bapak”, mom “Ibu”, brother “Mas Irul”, sister
“Mbak Ana”, and all of my big family.
My beloved dear, Iwan Santoso.
All of my friends Tralala Syalala, especially to Henny, Isna, Bertha.
All of my friends of English Department 2008.
Special thank’s for Mbak Pratiwi R.
All of friends “Kost Kuning”. Ema, Sysil, Riska, Aza, Iza, Mbak Anna,
Mbak Retha, Fanny, Tika.
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AN ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATION USED BY HELEN KELLER AS A
DEAF BLIND WOMAN ON GEORGE SULLIVAN NOVEL “HELEN
KELLER”
ABSTRACT
People realize that a book or poem they read is a kind of literature. Literature is
human expression. The content of literature is presenting something that reflects real
life because it expresses a series of events that happen in human life. The important
thing of reading literature is people may get knowledge and pleasure because
literature is a kind of art that offers pleasure and illumination. One of literary works
that gives a pleasant feeling when people read is novel. The writer of this study
analyzed novel because there are many valuable messages exist on it. This study
analyzed the communication of the deaf blind main character in “Helen Keller” novel
written by George Sullivan. It concerned with the kinds of communication used in
surrounding and the difficulties of communication faced by Helen Keller. This study
applied descriptive and qualitative methods. The writer used objective approach
because she focused the study to understand the story of novel related to the topic
without studying the author’s life. The object of this study was the sentences,
dialogues, and paragraphs that related to the communication of deaf blind main
character in the novel. The result of this study shows that Helen Keller used
nonverbal and verbal communication. In nonverbal communication she used gestures
and touch. In verbal communication, she used written and spoken. Moreover, Helen
Keller got difficulties in semantic problem and physical distraction. Thus, the
analysis shows that the deaf blind person can communicate not only by using
nonverbal communication but also verbal communication.
Keyword: Analysis, communication, Helen Keller.
The Advisor I, The Writer,
Iswahyuni, M.Pd Nurul Fadhilah
x
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL .................................................................................................. iii
LEGALIZATION ......................................................................................... iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ...................................................................... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................... vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................. viii
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the Study .......................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of Problem .............................................................................. 3
1.3 Purpose of the Study ................................................................................ 3
1.4 Significance of the Study ......................................................................... 3
1.5 Scope and Limitation................................................................................. 3
1.6 Definition of Key Terms .......................................................................... 4
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ....................... 5
2.1 Literature ................................................................................................. 5
2.2 Novel........................................................................................................ 6
2.3 Kinds of Novel ........................................................................................ 6
2.4 Elements of Novel ................................................................................... 8
2.4.1 Character and Characterization....................................................... 8
2.4.2 Plot.................................................................................................. 9
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2.4.3 Setting............................................................................................. 10
2.4.4 Theme.............................................................................................. 11
2.4.5 Conflict............................................................................................ 11
2.4.6 Point of View................................................................................... 12
2.5 Hearing Disorders ................................................................................... . 12
2.6 Blind.......................................................................................................... 13
2.7 Communication…...................................................................................... 14
2.7.1 Verbal Communication...................................................................... 16
2.7.2 Nonverbal Communication................................................................ 17
2.7.2.1 Body Motions........................................................................ 18
2.7.2.2 Paralanguage.......................................................................... 19
2.7.2.3 Self Presentation.................................................................... 19
2.7.2.4 Time....................................................................................... 19
2.8 Difficulties of Communication................................................................... 20
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................... 21
3.1 Research Design ..................................................................................... 21
3.2 Approach ................................................................................................. 21
3.3 Object of the Study.................................................................................. 22
3.4 Data Collection ....................................................................................... 23
3.5 Data Analysis .......................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER 1V : FINDING AND DISCUSSION ........................................ 24
4.1 Kinds of Helen’s Communication .......................................................... 24
4.1.1 Helen’s Nonverbal Communication................................................ 24
4.1.1.1 Gestures.............................................................................. 24
4.1.1.2 Sense of Touch.................................................................... 25
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4.1.2 Helen’s Verbal Communication...................................................... 26
4.1.2.1 Written Communication...................................................... 26
4.1.2.2 Oral Communication.......................................................... 27
4.2 Helen’s Difficulties to Communicate...................................................... 28
4.2.1 The Difficulty in Semantic Problem.............................................. 28
4.2.2 The Difficulty in Physical Distraction........................................... 29
4.3 Discussion.................................................................................................. 30
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION………………..... 32
5.1 Conclussion................................................................................................ 32
5.1.1 Helen’s Communication.................................................................. 32
5.1.2 The Difficulties of Communication................................................... 32
5.2 Suggestion................................................................................................. . 32
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APPENDIX
xiii
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