week 1 introduction to anatomy and physiology
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LAB 2Introduction to Anatomy and
Physiology
Rockland Community College Bio110 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Lab
Week 1Introduction to Anatomy and
Physiology
Rockland Community College Bio110 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Lab
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identify anatomical position and be able to reference it
when describing anatomical locations.
• Know the major body planes be able to recognize the
views created each.
• Be able to look up anatomical nouns and adjectives
for external body areas and find what they refer to.
• Apply appropriate anatomical terminology to body
regions.
• Locate each of the major body cavities.
• List the major organs and identify at least two
physiological roles for each of the 11 human organ
systems.
• Identify each organ in the anatomical model and know
its location within the model body.
Complete the following lab activities and exercises:Reading: Anatomical Terminology
Reading: Medical TerminolgyExercises 1.1Exercises 1.2Exercises 1.3Exercises 1.4Exercises 1.5
https://shop.briggscorp.com/e2wItemMain.aspx?parentID=IT00000972
Left = patient’s left
ANATOMICAL POSITION
Right = patient’s right
Source: Ring DC, Herndon JH, Meyer GS. 2010. Case 34-2010 — A 65-Year-Old Woman withan Incorrect Operation on the Left Hand,. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:1950-1957
Wrong-Site Surgeries Documented by the Joint Commission from 1995 through 2008.
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Practicing Using Directional Terms
1. The hand is ________________________ to the elbow.
2. The heart is _______________________ to the lung.
3. The eye is _____________________ to the (bridge of the) nose.
4. The biceps muscle is ____________________ to the skin.
5. The heart is anterior or posterior to the vertebrae?
distal
medial
lateral
deep
anterior
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Group Work: Exercise 1.1
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Shoulder
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Reg
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Term
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Practice using regional terms. Where would you find these structures?Use common terms to indicate the areas.
1. Mammary glands ___________________________________
2. Olecranon process __________________________________
3. Axillary hair _______________________________________
4. Sternum ___________________________________________
5. Mental foramen _____________________________________
6. Gluteus maximus ___________________________________
7. Acromion process _________________________________8. Brachial artery _____________________________________
9. Orbital ___________________________________________
10. Sacrum ________________________________________
Breast
Elbow
Under arm
Breast bone
Chin
Rear end
Shoulder
Upper arm
Eye area
Lower back
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Pla
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Pla
ne
and
Sec
tio
n
Term
s
“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Pla
ne
and
Sec
tio
n
Term
s
“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Pla
ne
and
Sec
tio
n
Term
s
“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Pla
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and
Sec
tio
n
Term
s
“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
What body part is this?Is this a frontal, sagittal or transverse section?
Sagittal
Knee
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Group Work: Exercise 1.2
TOPIC 4: BODY CAVITIES – lateral view
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Abdominal cavity
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavityDorsal bodycavities
Mediastinum encloses pericardial cavity,esophagus, trachea, etc.
Pleural cavity
Pericardial cavity
Pelvic cavity
Thoracic cavity
Diaphragm
Abdominopelviccavity
Identify these cavities on the torso model.
Ventral BodyCavities
TOPIC 4: BODY CAVITIES
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Bo
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
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The membrane that lines this (pleural) cavity is called the parietal pleura.
The membrane that covers the lungs is called the visceral pleura.
SEROUS MEMBRANESSerous membranes are thin, double-layered membranes that produce a thin, lubricatingfluid that allows the visceral organs to slide over each other or rub against the body wallwith little friction. They have specific names depending on the structures they envelop.
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Sero
us
Mem
bra
nes
“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Sero
us
Mem
bra
nes
“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Sero
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Mem
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nes
Pleura
Parietal (pleura) layer• lines thethoracic cavity
Visceral (pleura) layer• lies directly onsurface of lungs
Parietal (pericardium)layer• forms tough, outer sac• also called pericardial sac
Pericardium
Visceral (pericardium) layer• fused directly to surface of heart• also called epicardium
SEROUS MEMBRANES OF THE THORACIC CAVITY
Sero
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
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Functions of mesentery:•Holds organs in place.
•Contains fat as stored energy
•Provides a place for blood vessels,nerves and lymph vessels
to reach organs
MESENTERY
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Mesocolon: a dorsal mesentery that anchors the large
intestine to the parietal peritoneum of the dorsal body wall.
Sero
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Mem
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Sero
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“Anatomy & Physiology Lab Reference" by Laird C. Sheldahl, Ph.D., Mt. Hood Community College is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0
Sero
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Greater Omentum
The greater omentum is a large mesentery that is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach and covers the small intestine and wraps dorsally to help anchor the intestines and the spleen to the dorsal body wall then blends with the mesocolon, It contains fat and lymph nodes.
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Parietal layer• lines the abdomino-
pelvic cavity
Mesentery• folds of peritoneum• suspends and attachesorgans to body wall
Visceral layer• lies directly on surfaceof the internal organsPeritoneum
• in abdominopelvic cavity• encases the abdominaland pelvic organs
SEROUS MEMBRANES OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
Retro-PeritonealOrgan
(outside the peritoneum)Se
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HUMAN TORSO MODELIdentify these organs on the torso, label the diagrams
____________brain
cavity
lung
heart diaphragm
liver
green sac
gall bladder
transverse colon
cranial
ascending colon
pouchcecum
stomach
descending colon
_____________(not shown in this photo)
greater omentum (not on this model –a mesentery over the intestines)
small intestine
spleenHu
man
Org
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Human torso, ventral organs removed
View the spinal cord on other models.
Gland
trachea Blue tube
bronchus (one)
kidney
ureter
urinary bladder
spleen
esophagus
aorta
pancreas
urethra
cavity
cavity
thoracic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
opening in the center of the organ
thyroid
Blue tube
larynx
Adrenal glandHu
man
Org
ans
Group Work: Exercises 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
Required structuresAbdominopelvic cavityAdrenal glandAortaAscending colonBrainBronchusCecumCranial cavity Descending colonDiaphragmEsophagusGall bladderGreater OmentumKidneyHeartLarynxLiverLungPancreasSmall intestineSpleenStomachThoracic Cavity
Thyroid glandTracheaTransverse colonUreterUrethraUrinary BladderRight HypochondriacEpigastricLeft HypochondriacRight LumbarUmbilicalLeft LumbarRight IliacHypogastricLeft iliacRight upper quadrantLeft upper quadrantRight lower quadrantLeft lower quadrantCephalicFrontalOrbitalNasalOral
MentalCervicalThoracicThoracicSternalAxillaryMammaryScapularVertebralLumbarSacralGlutealPerinealAbdominalUmbilicalPelvicInguinalPubicAcromialBrachialAntebrachialMetacarpalCarpalManus
PolexPalmarDigitalCoxalFemoralPatellarPoplitealCruralSuralFibularPedalTarsalCalcanealMetatarsalPlantarHalluxSuperior (cranial)MedialDistalInferior (caudal)LateralSuperficialVentral (anterior)Intermediate
DeepProneSupineDorsal (posterior)ProximalSagittal Plane Frontal PlaneTransverse Plane
Week 1Introduction to Anatomy and
Physiology
Rockland Community College Bio110 Anatomy and Physiology 1 Lab
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identify anatomical position and be able to reference it
when describing anatomical locations.
• Know the major body planes be able to recognize the
views created each.
• Be able to look up anatomical nouns and adjectives
for external body areas and find what they refer to.
• Apply appropriate anatomical terminology to body
regions.
• Locate each of the major body cavities.
• List the major organs and identify at least two
physiological roles for each of the 11 human organ
systems.
• Identify each organ in the anatomical model and know
its location within the model body.
Complete the following lab activities and exercises:Reading: Anatomical Terminology
Reading: Medical TerminolgyExercises 1.1Exercises 1.2Exercises 1.3Exercises 1.4Exercises 1.5
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