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Soe Thein
Member of Road and Bridge Authority,
Yangon City Development Committee, Yangon, Myanmar.
E mail: soethein22@gmail.com Date: 16.12.2020
VIRTUAL REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON URBAN MOBILITY AND IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON MOBILITY
URBAN MOBILITY ASSESSMENT IN YANGON
1
YANGON REGION
POPULATION OF MYANMAR 51,486,253AREA 669794 KM2
POPULATION OF YANGON REGION 7,523,255
AREA 9804 KM2
MYANMAR
YANGON DIVISION
2
POPULATION OF YANGON 5,191,000AREA 971 KM2
ROAD NETWORK 9810 KMTOWNSHIPS 33DISTRICT 4SHARE OF ROAD AREA : URBAN AREA 4.5%
Road / Urban Area Share (%)
Tokyo (Japan) 18.4
Seoul(Korea) 13.2
Singapore 10
Hong Kong 6.3
Taipei City (Taiwan) 7.7
Bngkok(Thailand) 7.1
Jakarta(Indonesia) 7.3
YANGON CITY
3
REGISTERED VEHICLES IN YANGON
VEHICLES CLASSIFICATION IN YANGON 2017-18
REGISTERED VEHICLES IN YANGON 2011 to 2018
4
• BUS
• CIRCULAR RAILWAY
• TAXI
• BICYCLE
• WALKING
• FERRY
• WATER BUS
• PRIVATE CAR
EXISTINGTRANSPORT MODES
5
Future Mobility Assessment of Yangon
Travel Demand Forecasting for year 2035
6
Year 2016 Year 2035
Trip Patterns and Travel Demand in Yangon
Future Travel Demand Forecasting and Vehicle Ownership by HH Income Level
7
The Project for Comprehensive Urban Transport Plan of the Greater Yangon (YUTRA) Final Report
A Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon (SUDP)
8
Road Network Improvement Expressway and Under Pass Development
9
Do Nothing Scenario in Year 2035 Do Maximum Scenario in Year 2035
All data and figure source from UTRA report March 2019 10
Transport Demand Management (TDM)
Supply Demand
• TDM Policy & Tools
• Sustainable Urban Transport
Policy and Measure
DemandSupply
11
Yangon Urban Mass Rapid Transit
(YUMRT) Phase 1 - 2
and
Circular Railway Network
12
Circular Railway Line YUMRT Line
13
14
Extent to which
transport plans
cover public
transport,
intermodal facilities
and infrastructure
for active modes
Indicator 1
Modal Share of
Active and Public
Transport in
Commuting
Indicator 2 Indicator 3 Indicator 4 Indicator 5
Indicator 6 Indicator 7 Indicator 8 Indicator 9 Indicator 10
Convenient
Access to Public
Transport Service
Public Transport
Quality and
Reliability
Traffic Fatalities
per 100,000
Inhabitants
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions from
Transport
Air Quality
(PM10)
Investment in
Public
Transportation
Systems
Operational
Cost of the
Public
Transport
System
Affordability-
Travel Cost as
Part of
Income
Sustainable Urban Transport Index
15
1Indicator
Walking
Network
Extent to which transport plans cover public transport,
intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes
Cycling
Network
Intermodal
Transfer
Facilities
Public
Transport
16
Indicative Scoring Criteria for Yangon
AspectsScore
0 No coverage
1 Limited
2 Middle
3 Extensive
4 Leading
Walking Networks
No goals No destination
No budget
Vague goal Little destination seen in
plans small or unclear budget
Quantitative goals some destination in 1-2 major areas/corridors
some budget
Quantitative goals much destination
across city; Increasing but realistic budget
Additional goals full destination
across city; Major secured new funding
Cycling NetworksNo goals
No destination No budget
Vague goal Little destination seen in
plans small or unclear budget
Quantitative goals some destination in 1-2 major areas/corridors
some budget
Quantitative goals much destination
across city; Increasing but realistic budget
Additional goals full destination
across city; Major secured new funding
Intermodal transfer facilities
No goals No destination
No budget
Vague goal Little destination seen in
plans small or unclear budget
Quantitative goals some destination in 1-2 major areas/corridors
some budget
Quantitative goals much destination
across city; Increasing but realistic budget
Additional goals full destination
across city; Major secured new funding
Public transportNo goals
No destination No budget
Vague goal Little destination seen in
plans small orunclear budget
Quantitative goals some destination in 1-2 major areas/corridors
some budget
Quantitative goals much destination
across city; Increasing but realistic budget
Additional goals full destination
across city; Major secured new funding
17
Aspects Explanation Score
Walking Networks
YCDC & UN Habitat are conducting pedestrian walkway improvement. YCDC is
managing pedestrian rehabilitation / walkway facilities improvement.Yangon
Regional Government is planning and implementing over pass bridges and under
pass pedestrian way to improve road user safety
2
Cycling Networks
YCDC & UN Habitat are conducting cycling ways in CBD, one project was
implemented. YCDC implements bicycle lanes with road marking along the
Waizayanda Road.There is unclear vision or goals for cycling network facility
There is no specific budget
1
Intermodal Transfer
Facilities
Little designation for transfer facilities at airport, high way terminals, highway vehicle
gates and railway stations. Unclear budget and still doing feasibility study for
highway terminal transit facilities and improvement. Future planning for TOD
development at YUTRA report
1
Public Transport
Ambitious goals are set. Yangon city area will be extended and future YEX Phase 1
and 2, UMRT 1 & 2, Transport Demand Management, Improvement of existing
circular railway line in year 2020. Plan for construction of outer ring road (No7 Main
Road, from Thilawa to Mandalay Expressway)
3
Indicator Value Year Comments
Some score value to enter in
data sheet for indicator 1 7 2019
Score is based on current ongoing projects and
planning of YRG and YUTRA report
18
2Indicator Modal Share of Active and Public Transport in Commuting
Modes Share
Public Transport 22%
Walking 25%
Bicycle 6%
Passenger Car 6%
Taxi 5%
Motorcycle 2%
Others 34%
Indicator Value Year Comments
Mode share of active
and public transport
trips in commuting (%)52.9 2016
Data is based on UTRA
report study team
19
3Indicator Convenient Access to Public Transport Service
Inhabitants live
within 500
meter
buffer zones
from bus stops
and
circular railway
station
Calculation
based on major
public transport
routes area 23
township
population and
inhabitants
59.61
20
4Indicator Public Transport Quality and Reliability
21
4Indicator Public Transport Quality and Reliability
Indicator Value Year CommentsPublic transport quality
and reliability
70.54 2020 Base on satisfaction survey on Inner ring and outer
ring area bus and railway service22
5Indicator
Indicator Value Year Comments
Traffic fatalities per
100,000 inhabitants8.62 2019 Based on collected data from Yangon Traffic Police
Department.
Traffic Fatalities per 100,000 Inhabitants
Number of Accident
23
6Indicator
Indicator Value Year Comments
Affordability travel cost
as part of income8.1 2019 The result is based on 2019 of fare and income level
calculation
Affordability- Travel Cost as Part of Income
Description Amount (USD)
Average Monthly Income for basic level 108
Average Monthly Transport Expense 9
Percentage of Monthly Travel Cost 8.1 %
Household Income and Expenditure for transportation is calculated from current wage and bus fare basic in Yangon.
24
7Indicator
Indicator Value Year Comments
Operational cost of the
transport system94.44 2019 The data from World Bank Report for Urban Transport for
Yangon & Mandalay, based on inter views with bus operators
Operational Cost of the Public Transport System
Daily Expenses Daily Revenue
Description Kyat/Day Expense Fare Revenue Kyat/Day Description
Fuel 15000
530,550,000 501075000
450.00 Avg passenger / Bus/ Day170.00 Average fare
Wages and stipend 26000 76,500.00 Total revenue / dayYRTA fee 4000 6,550 Active fleet, 2019Company fee 2000Maintenance & Others 34000Total operating cost 81000
25
8Indicator
Indicator Value Year Comments
Investment in public
transport system
16 2019 Based on World Bank Report for Urban Transport in
Yangon and Mandalay, 2019.
Investment in Public Transportation Systems
(Myanmar Kyats in Billions)
Investment 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 Average
Public Transport Facilities - - - 70 70
Total Transport Facilities 366.241 471.2 505.692 424.281 441.856
26
9Indicator
Indicator Value Year CommentsAir Quality (PM 10) 55.31 2019 Data of continuous monitoring from YCDC
Air Quality (PM10) S/No Station Location
PM10
Year
means
Population
In study
area
1 City Hall Kyauttada township 134.2 29853
2 Bet; Maechent & Maharbandoola Botahtaung Township 134.6 40995
3 Yaekyaw Pazundaung Pazundaung Township 86.2 48455
4 Thein Gyi Zay Pabedan Township 101.9 33336
5 Yangon General Hospital Latha 127.1 25057
6 Infront of Nursing University Lanmadaw 101 47160
7 Ahlone Vehicle Section Ahlone 120.5 47160
8 Aung San Stadium Mingalar Taung Nyunt 102.2 132494
9 Tarmwe Bridge Tarmwe Town Ship 48 165313
10 Myanmar Plaza Yankin Township 45.8 70946
11 Koke Kaing Bridge Bahan Township 78.9 96732
12 Myay Ni Gone Bridge San Chaung Township 52 99619
13 Hledan Bridge Kamar Yut Township 41.4 84569
14 Inyar Kan Bridge Hlaing Township 52 160307
15 Thamine Junction Mayan Gone Township 63.7 198113
16 Bayint Naung Tower Mayan Gone Township 70.9 198113
17 Aung Min Ga Lar Highway Mingalardone 34.8 331586
18 Air Port Mingalardone 35.7 331586
19 Dawpon Dawpon Township 70 75325
20 Shukinthar Tharketa 93 220556
21 Thuwunna Stadium Thingangyun Township 37 209486
22 Infront of Parami HW Terminal South Okkalarpa 35 161126
23 Aung Zay Ya Bridge Insein Township 42.4 305283
24 Shwe Pyi Thar Bridge Shwe Pyi Thar Township 38.2 343526
25 Hlawgar National Park Hmaw Bi 38.2 244607
Total city population 3701303
27
10Indicator
Indicator Value Year CommentsCO2 Emissions from transport 1.51 2019 Based on Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise data
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transport
Fuel Type Liter or
Cuft
CO2 Factor Kg/l
or Kg/cuft
Emissions
Tons/year
Population Emission/capita
Gasoline/ Petrol 559953079 2.272 1271933.42
7,523,255 1.51Diesel 360764214 2.676 9654055.92
CNG 8302998048 0.053 440058.90
28
IndicatorsNatural
WeightsRange
VALUE YEARCOMMENTS ABOUT DATA SOURCES OR ISSUES RELEVANT FOR INTERPRETATION
units MIN MAX
1
Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes
0 - 16 scale 0.1 0 16 7.00 2019Collected data and information from Yangon Regional Government, Yangon City Development Committee, Ministry of Transport and Communication and current on going projects.
2Modal share of active and public transport in commuting
% of trips 0.1 10 90 52.9 2016Data collected from YUTRA report mode sharing and person trip of Yangon City in year 2016. It should be collected update data for future.
3Convenient access to public transport service
% of population 0.1 20 100 59.61 2019
Site visit and study daily commuting trip with Circular Railway line, Bus routes from north to south CBD and forecast access time to stations and bus stop within 20 min @ 500m buffer zones in 23 townships.
4Public transport quality and reliability
% satisfied 0.1 30 95 74.52 2020Conduct survey at Railway stations and bus stops to get passenger satisfaction level. Surveyor collected with 420 respondents in July 2020.
5Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants
# fatalities 0.1 10 0 8.73 2019Collected data from Yangon Traffic Police Department and National Road Safety Council.
6Affordability – travel costs as share of income
% of income 0.1 35 3.5 8.10 2019Self estimation based on daily wages and public transport fare rate.
7Operational costs of the public transport system
Cost recovery ratio
0.1 22 100 94.44 2018Data were collected from Urban Transport in Yangon & Mandalay, Report.
8Investment in public transportation systems
% of total invest-ment
0.1 0 50 16.50 2018Data were collected from Urban Transport in Yangon & Mandalay, Report and Global New Light Myanmar Journal date May 17 2020.
9 Air quality (pm10) μg/m3 0.1 150 10 55.31 2019Air pollutant data were collected from Pollution Control and Cleansing Authority, YCDC.
10Greenhouse gas emissions from transport
Tons/cap 0.1 2.75 0 1.51 2019Data collected from Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) for sold out amount of petrol/diesel and CNG gas in Yangon Region.
Sheet B Data Entry
29
S u m m a r y o f R e s u l t
RESULT OF SPIDER DIAGRAM
1
Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes
43.75
2Modal share of active and public transport in commuting
53.64
3Convenient access to public transport service
49.52
4Public transport quality and reliability
68.50
5Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants
12.67
6Affordability – travel costs as part of income
85.39
7Operational costs of the public transport system
92.88
8Investment in public transportation systems
33.00
9 Air quality (pm10) 67.63
10Greenhouse gas emissions from transport
45.06
INDEX GEOMETRIC MEANS 49.04
SUTI INDEX RESULT
Geometric mean – 49.0430
COVID-19 & Public Transport in Yangon.
• Home stay order issued in August, Sept, Oct, Nov and Dec 2020
• 97% of daily commuter cut in bus transport service• 90% of daily commuter cut in Circular Railway service• 90% of Taxi service stopped• 20% Cycling activities were going up including food delivery
services and online shopping
31
BEFORE COVID-19
Daily bus commuter 1.8-2.5 million
DURING COVID-19
Daily bus commuter drop to
50,000 - 70,000 in March 2020
300,000 in October 2020
400,000 in November 2020
550,000 in December 2020
No Face Mask person will not onboard the bus.
•
Yangon water bus resumes operation with daily passenger 1000 over people ride , service start from 6:00 am to 7:00 PM and free face mask
COVID-19 in Yangon.
32
Grab Mobile Business• Contact Tracing of Driver-
Partners and Passengers
• Extension of Measures to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19
• Sharing advisories at Grab Driver Centres
• Reporting of passengers or drivers with suspected illness
• Ensuring best hygiene practices for food deliveries
COVID-19 in Yangon.
33
• Webinar and online shopping are going up
Urban Mobility Drop
COVID-19 in Yangon.
34
Online Shop and Order improvement
COVID-19
in Yangon.
35
Online food order and delivery business are most popular
COVID-19
in Yangon.
36
CONCLUSION
• Yangon Sustainable Urban Transport Index is Moderate level
• Traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants is low level in Spider Diagram and should
be improved in future.
• Investment in public transportation system indicates to improve public transport
facilities and services in future.
• Operational cost of public transport system and affordability travel cost Indicate
Regional Government’s subsidy to public transport sector, It is not for long term
solution to find out a way for Sustainable Urban Transport System in future.
37
Thank You
E mail: soethein22@gmail.com
38
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