virtual regional workshop on urban mobility .... urban...report and global new light myanmar journal...

Soe Thein

Member of Road and Bridge Authority,

Yangon City Development Committee, Yangon, Myanmar.

E mail: [email protected] Date: 16.12.2020

VIRTUAL REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON URBAN MOBILITY AND IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON MOBILITY

URBAN MOBILITY ASSESSMENT IN YANGON

1

YANGON REGION

POPULATION OF MYANMAR 51,486,253AREA 669794 KM2

POPULATION OF YANGON REGION 7,523,255

AREA 9804 KM2

MYANMAR

YANGON DIVISION

2

POPULATION OF YANGON 5,191,000AREA 971 KM2

ROAD NETWORK 9810 KMTOWNSHIPS 33DISTRICT 4SHARE OF ROAD AREA : URBAN AREA 4.5%

Road / Urban Area Share (%)

Tokyo (Japan) 18.4

Seoul(Korea) 13.2

Singapore 10

Hong Kong 6.3

Taipei City (Taiwan) 7.7

Bngkok(Thailand) 7.1

Jakarta(Indonesia) 7.3

YANGON CITY

3

REGISTERED VEHICLES IN YANGON

VEHICLES CLASSIFICATION IN YANGON 2017-18

REGISTERED VEHICLES IN YANGON 2011 to 2018

4

• BUS

• CIRCULAR RAILWAY

• TAXI

• BICYCLE

• WALKING

• FERRY

• WATER BUS

• PRIVATE CAR

EXISTINGTRANSPORT MODES

5

Future Mobility Assessment of Yangon

Travel Demand Forecasting for year 2035

6

Year 2016 Year 2035

Trip Patterns and Travel Demand in Yangon

Future Travel Demand Forecasting and Vehicle Ownership by HH Income Level

7

The Project for Comprehensive Urban Transport Plan of the Greater Yangon (YUTRA) Final Report

A Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon (SUDP)

8

Road Network Improvement Expressway and Under Pass Development

9

Do Nothing Scenario in Year 2035 Do Maximum Scenario in Year 2035

All data and figure source from UTRA report March 2019 10

Transport Demand Management (TDM)

Supply Demand

• TDM Policy & Tools

• Sustainable Urban Transport

Policy and Measure

DemandSupply

11

Yangon Urban Mass Rapid Transit

(YUMRT) Phase 1 - 2

and

Circular Railway Network

12

Circular Railway Line YUMRT Line

13

Extent to which

transport plans

cover public

transport,

intermodal facilities

and infrastructure

for active modes

Indicator 1

Modal Share of

Active and Public

Transport in

Commuting

Indicator 2 Indicator 3 Indicator 4 Indicator 5

Indicator 6 Indicator 7 Indicator 8 Indicator 9 Indicator 10

Convenient

Access to Public

Transport Service

Public Transport

Quality and

Reliability

Traffic Fatalities

per 100,000

Inhabitants

Greenhouse Gas

Emissions from

Transport

Air Quality

(PM10)

Investment in

Public

Transportation

Systems

Operational

Cost of the

Public

Transport

System

Affordability-

Travel Cost as

Part of

Income

Sustainable Urban Transport Index

15

1Indicator

Walking

Network

Extent to which transport plans cover public transport,

intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes

Cycling

Network

Intermodal

Transfer

Facilities

Public

Transport

16

Indicative Scoring Criteria for Yangon

AspectsScore

0 No coverage

1 Limited

2 Middle

3 Extensive

4 Leading

Walking Networks

No goals No destination

No budget

Vague goal Little destination seen in

plans small or unclear budget

Quantitative goals some destination in 1-2 major areas/corridors

some budget

Quantitative goals much destination

across city; Increasing but realistic budget

Additional goals full destination

across city; Major secured new funding

Cycling NetworksNo goals

No destination No budget




some budget





Intermodal transfer facilities

No goals No destination

No budget




some budget





Public transportNo goals

No destination No budget


plans small orunclear budget


some budget





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Aspects Explanation Score

Walking Networks

YCDC & UN Habitat are conducting pedestrian walkway improvement. YCDC is

managing pedestrian rehabilitation / walkway facilities improvement.Yangon

Regional Government is planning and implementing over pass bridges and under

pass pedestrian way to improve road user safety

2

Cycling Networks

YCDC & UN Habitat are conducting cycling ways in CBD, one project was

implemented. YCDC implements bicycle lanes with road marking along the

Waizayanda Road.There is unclear vision or goals for cycling network facility

There is no specific budget

1

Intermodal Transfer

Facilities

Little designation for transfer facilities at airport, high way terminals, highway vehicle

gates and railway stations. Unclear budget and still doing feasibility study for

highway terminal transit facilities and improvement. Future planning for TOD

development at YUTRA report

1

Public Transport

Ambitious goals are set. Yangon city area will be extended and future YEX Phase 1

and 2, UMRT 1 & 2, Transport Demand Management, Improvement of existing

circular railway line in year 2020. Plan for construction of outer ring road (No7 Main

Road, from Thilawa to Mandalay Expressway)

3

Indicator Value Year Comments

Some score value to enter in

data sheet for indicator 1 7 2019

Score is based on current ongoing projects and

planning of YRG and YUTRA report

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2Indicator Modal Share of Active and Public Transport in Commuting

Modes Share

Public Transport 22%

Walking 25%

Bicycle 6%

Passenger Car 6%

Taxi 5%

Motorcycle 2%

Others 34%


Mode share of active

and public transport

trips in commuting (%)52.9 2016

Data is based on UTRA

report study team

19

3Indicator Convenient Access to Public Transport Service

Inhabitants live

within 500

meter

buffer zones

from bus stops

and

circular railway

station

Calculation

based on major

public transport

routes area 23

township

population and

inhabitants

59.61

20

4Indicator Public Transport Quality and Reliability

21

4Indicator Public Transport Quality and Reliability

Indicator Value Year CommentsPublic transport quality

and reliability

70.54 2020 Base on satisfaction survey on Inner ring and outer

ring area bus and railway service22

5Indicator


Traffic fatalities per

100,000 inhabitants8.62 2019 Based on collected data from Yangon Traffic Police

Department.

Traffic Fatalities per 100,000 Inhabitants

Number of Accident

23

6Indicator


Affordability travel cost

as part of income8.1 2019 The result is based on 2019 of fare and income level

calculation

Affordability- Travel Cost as Part of Income

Description Amount (USD)

Average Monthly Income for basic level 108

Average Monthly Transport Expense 9

Percentage of Monthly Travel Cost 8.1 %

Household Income and Expenditure for transportation is calculated from current wage and bus fare basic in Yangon.

24

7Indicator


Operational cost of the

transport system94.44 2019 The data from World Bank Report for Urban Transport for

Yangon & Mandalay, based on inter views with bus operators

Operational Cost of the Public Transport System

Daily Expenses Daily Revenue

Description Kyat/Day Expense Fare Revenue Kyat/Day Description

Fuel 15000

530,550,000 501075000

450.00 Avg passenger / Bus/ Day170.00 Average fare

Wages and stipend 26000 76,500.00 Total revenue / dayYRTA fee 4000 6,550 Active fleet, 2019Company fee 2000Maintenance & Others 34000Total operating cost 81000

25

8Indicator


Investment in public

transport system

16 2019 Based on World Bank Report for Urban Transport in

Yangon and Mandalay, 2019.

Investment in Public Transportation Systems

(Myanmar Kyats in Billions)

Investment 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 Average

Public Transport Facilities - - - 70 70

Total Transport Facilities 366.241 471.2 505.692 424.281 441.856

26

9Indicator

Indicator Value Year CommentsAir Quality (PM 10) 55.31 2019 Data of continuous monitoring from YCDC

Air Quality (PM10) S/No Station Location

PM10

Year

means

Population

In study

area

1 City Hall Kyauttada township 134.2 29853

2 Bet; Maechent & Maharbandoola Botahtaung Township 134.6 40995

3 Yaekyaw Pazundaung Pazundaung Township 86.2 48455

4 Thein Gyi Zay Pabedan Township 101.9 33336

5 Yangon General Hospital Latha 127.1 25057

6 Infront of Nursing University Lanmadaw 101 47160

7 Ahlone Vehicle Section Ahlone 120.5 47160

8 Aung San Stadium Mingalar Taung Nyunt 102.2 132494

9 Tarmwe Bridge Tarmwe Town Ship 48 165313

10 Myanmar Plaza Yankin Township 45.8 70946

11 Koke Kaing Bridge Bahan Township 78.9 96732

12 Myay Ni Gone Bridge San Chaung Township 52 99619

13 Hledan Bridge Kamar Yut Township 41.4 84569

14 Inyar Kan Bridge Hlaing Township 52 160307

15 Thamine Junction Mayan Gone Township 63.7 198113

16 Bayint Naung Tower Mayan Gone Township 70.9 198113

17 Aung Min Ga Lar Highway Mingalardone 34.8 331586

18 Air Port Mingalardone 35.7 331586

19 Dawpon Dawpon Township 70 75325

20 Shukinthar Tharketa 93 220556

21 Thuwunna Stadium Thingangyun Township 37 209486

22 Infront of Parami HW Terminal South Okkalarpa 35 161126

23 Aung Zay Ya Bridge Insein Township 42.4 305283

24 Shwe Pyi Thar Bridge Shwe Pyi Thar Township 38.2 343526

25 Hlawgar National Park Hmaw Bi 38.2 244607

Total city population 3701303

27

10Indicator

Indicator Value Year CommentsCO2 Emissions from transport 1.51 2019 Based on Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise data

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transport

Fuel Type Liter or

Cuft

CO2 Factor Kg/l

or Kg/cuft

Emissions

Tons/year

Population Emission/capita

Gasoline/ Petrol 559953079 2.272 1271933.42

7,523,255 1.51Diesel 360764214 2.676 9654055.92

CNG 8302998048 0.053 440058.90

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IndicatorsNatural

WeightsRange

VALUE YEARCOMMENTS ABOUT DATA SOURCES OR ISSUES RELEVANT FOR INTERPRETATION

units MIN MAX

1

Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes

0 - 16 scale 0.1 0 16 7.00 2019Collected data and information from Yangon Regional Government, Yangon City Development Committee, Ministry of Transport and Communication and current on going projects.

2Modal share of active and public transport in commuting

% of trips 0.1 10 90 52.9 2016Data collected from YUTRA report mode sharing and person trip of Yangon City in year 2016. It should be collected update data for future.

3Convenient access to public transport service

% of population 0.1 20 100 59.61 2019

Site visit and study daily commuting trip with Circular Railway line, Bus routes from north to south CBD and forecast access time to stations and bus stop within 20 min @ 500m buffer zones in 23 townships.

4Public transport quality and reliability

% satisfied 0.1 30 95 74.52 2020Conduct survey at Railway stations and bus stops to get passenger satisfaction level. Surveyor collected with 420 respondents in July 2020.

5Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants

# fatalities 0.1 10 0 8.73 2019Collected data from Yangon Traffic Police Department and National Road Safety Council.

6Affordability – travel costs as share of income

% of income 0.1 35 3.5 8.10 2019Self estimation based on daily wages and public transport fare rate.

7Operational costs of the public transport system

Cost recovery ratio

0.1 22 100 94.44 2018Data were collected from Urban Transport in Yangon & Mandalay, Report.

8Investment in public transportation systems

% of total invest-ment

0.1 0 50 16.50 2018Data were collected from Urban Transport in Yangon & Mandalay, Report and Global New Light Myanmar Journal date May 17 2020.

9 Air quality (pm10) μg/m3 0.1 150 10 55.31 2019Air pollutant data were collected from Pollution Control and Cleansing Authority, YCDC.

10Greenhouse gas emissions from transport

Tons/cap 0.1 2.75 0 1.51 2019Data collected from Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) for sold out amount of petrol/diesel and CNG gas in Yangon Region.

Sheet B Data Entry

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S u m m a r y o f R e s u l t

RESULT OF SPIDER DIAGRAM

1

Extent to which transport plans cover public transport, intermodal facilities and infrastructure for active modes

43.75

2Modal share of active and public transport in commuting

53.64

3Convenient access to public transport service

49.52

4Public transport quality and reliability

68.50

5Traffic fatalities per 100.000 inhabitants

12.67

6Affordability – travel costs as part of income

85.39

7Operational costs of the public transport system

92.88

8Investment in public transportation systems

33.00

9 Air quality (pm10) 67.63

10Greenhouse gas emissions from transport

45.06

INDEX GEOMETRIC MEANS 49.04

SUTI INDEX RESULT

Geometric mean – 49.0430

COVID-19 & Public Transport in Yangon.

• Home stay order issued in August, Sept, Oct, Nov and Dec 2020

• 97% of daily commuter cut in bus transport service• 90% of daily commuter cut in Circular Railway service• 90% of Taxi service stopped• 20% Cycling activities were going up including food delivery

services and online shopping

31

BEFORE COVID-19

Daily bus commuter 1.8-2.5 million

DURING COVID-19

Daily bus commuter drop to

50,000 - 70,000 in March 2020

300,000 in October 2020

400,000 in November 2020

550,000 in December 2020

No Face Mask person will not onboard the bus.

•

Yangon water bus resumes operation with daily passenger 1000 over people ride , service start from 6:00 am to 7:00 PM and free face mask

COVID-19 in Yangon.

32

Grab Mobile Business• Contact Tracing of Driver-

Partners and Passengers

• Extension of Measures to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19

• Sharing advisories at Grab Driver Centres

• Reporting of passengers or drivers with suspected illness

• Ensuring best hygiene practices for food deliveries

COVID-19 in Yangon.

33

• Webinar and online shopping are going up

Urban Mobility Drop

COVID-19 in Yangon.

34

Online Shop and Order improvement

COVID-19

in Yangon.

35

Online food order and delivery business are most popular

COVID-19

in Yangon.

36

CONCLUSION

• Yangon Sustainable Urban Transport Index is Moderate level

• Traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants is low level in Spider Diagram and should

be improved in future.

• Investment in public transportation system indicates to improve public transport

facilities and services in future.

• Operational cost of public transport system and affordability travel cost Indicate

Regional Government’s subsidy to public transport sector, It is not for long term

solution to find out a way for Sustainable Urban Transport System in future.

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Thank You

E mail: [email protected]

38

virtual regional workshop on urban mobility .... urban...report and global new light myanmar journal...

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