unit seven lead-in activities vocabulary enrichment structure analysis translation guided writing

Unit seven

Lead-in Activities

Vocabulary Enrichment

Structure Analysis

Translation

Guided Writing

Class discussion

Discuss with the class the topic: Yesterday as one remembered.

Background informationOver the last 25 years, more Americans have died in gun-related murders than were killed in the Vietnam War, the Korean War, the Iraqi War and World War I combined.

I. Pre-reading Activities:

Guns are killing the spirit of American people with fear: the fear of sounds in the night; the fear of a dark street or an empty parking lot; the fear of a public park on a lazy afternoon; even fear of armed robbers at home.

There’s no safe part of town any more!

Controversial opinions on the Controversial opinions on the banning of gunsbanning of guns

Controversial opinions on the Controversial opinions on the banning of gunsbanning of guns

The banning of guns can only benefit criminals, providing them with an unarmed populace to prey upon.

Law-abiding citizens must be allowed to own a gun for self-defense.

A survey of 2000 criminals in A survey of 2000 criminals in state prisons show:state prisons show:

A survey of 2000 criminals in A survey of 2000 criminals in state prisons show:state prisons show:

57%:57%: “They are more worried about “They are more worried about meeting and armed victim than running meeting and armed victim than running into the police.”into the police.”

58%:58%: “A store owner who is known to “A store owner who is known to have a gun is not going to get robbed.”have a gun is not going to get robbed.”

74%:74%: “if guns are banned, they as “if guns are banned, they as criminals feel a lot safer.”criminals feel a lot safer.”

Can victims really protect Can victims really protect themselves when having a gun?themselves when having a gun?

Can victims really protect Can victims really protect themselves when having a gun?themselves when having a gun?

Listen, Look & Say

Directions: Watch the video and answer some questions.

Video watching

Questions & Answers

1. What are the people in the video 1. What are the people in the video talking about?talking about?

They are talking about a gun-related crime.

2. What has happened to the baby girl?

She was shot by a street bullet.

3. How did the mother feel about the violence?

She felt angry and thought the man should bear the consequences.

4. What did the mother hope the community would do?

The community would come together and stop the violence.

The focus of argument:

Can victims really protect themselves when having a gun?

Topic for discussion

1. face to face with sb/sth: 1) having to deal with

1. face to face with sb/sth: 1) having to deal with

必须面对…

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

example

The incident brought her face to face with the fact that one must be honest to win the respect of other people.

2) In direct confrontation

They are face to face with a new problem which they must solve at once.

面对面地…

The two men stood face to face at the corridor.

2. Pull into; pull out

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

Pull in:Pull in: drive into; arrivedrive into; arrive

Pull out (of):Pull out (of): leave leave

The train is just The train is just pulling out ofpulling out of the the station when I got there.station when I got there.

The bus The bus pulled intopulled into the side of the road the side of the road to let the cars pass.to let the cars pass.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

2. be no exception

To err is human, and nobody can be an exception. …也不例外Note 1. often used with “no” . Allow

Make

Grant

There is

no exceptions to sth

不允许有例外

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

Example:Example:You must all be here at 8 a.m.; we can You must all be here at 8 a.m.; we can

make

grant

form

allow

no exceptions.

大家必须上午 8 点到，任何人不得例外。

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

你是怎么把自己弄倒这种进退两难的地步的？

He contrived to live on a small income.

他靠微薄的工资将就着生活。

3. contrive:3. contrive: manage to do sth in spite omanage to do sth in spite of difficultiesf difficulties

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

How did you How did you contrivecontrive to get your self to get your self into hot water?into hot water?

4. polished4. polished 4. polished4. polished 1) Shiny from polishing1) Shiny from polishing

polished boots

a polished floor

2) polite and grateful

a polished man

polished manners

polished society

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

3) done with great skill and style3) done with great skill and style

完美的，精湛的a highly polished piece of writing

a polished performance

a polished actor

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

5. attached to:5. attached to: fasten or join to sthfasten or join to sth

Please attach a label to each piece of luggage.

将…系在 / 缚在…上

The man The man attachedattached a a strong rope strong rope toto his sled.his sled.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

6.victim:6.victim: someone attacked, robbed, someone attacked, robbed, or murdered, or suffering from sthor murdered, or suffering from sth

1) be a/the victim1) be a/the victim ofof sth: … sth: … 牺牲品；受害人牺牲品；受害人be victims of crime/ war/ poverty/ disease /disaster

be a victim of an accident/ a joke/ one’s anger

2) fall victim to sth

Many small businesses have fallen victim to the recession.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

7. focus on:7. focus on: concentrate on; concentrate on; center oncenter on

He felt he needed to He felt he needed to focusfocus more more on on his his career.career.

the focus of sth … 什么…什么的焦点the focus of attention

the focus of debate

the focus of trouble

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

集中于…

8. rather than:8. rather than: instead of; and notinstead of; and not1) 1) 单纯表示否定 单纯表示否定 = and not= and not

We are taught a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than in a personal one.

… 而不是…2) 表示主观上造就Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the street.

宁愿… , 也不愿…

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

3) 表示两种说法的正确程度He is an artist rather than a philosopher.

与其说… , 不如说…9. have mercy on sb: show kindness or pity towards sb

The judge had no mercy on the criminals.

同情、怜悯某人

Note ： Mercy is often modified by “some”, “no”, “little”, etc.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

He He looked throughlooked through his notes before the his notes before the examinationexamination

II. Vocabulary Enrichment10. Look through:10. Look through: examine or study examine or study carefullycarefully

I’ll I’ll looklook your suggestion your suggestion through through before making a decision.before making a decision.

The Thames is the main river flowing through London, and England's most important river.

Blake’s Thames:Blake’s Thames: a sad river a sad riversadness

hunger

poverty

violence

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

William Blake (1757 - 1827) was an English poet and artist whose best known books of poems are Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. The quotation used in

Passage A comes from the first verse of a poem called “London.”

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

Metaphors:Metaphors: “river”: referring to the young criminals who went out of control

“Marks”: referring to their impact on the society

“dam”: referring to the joint effort to bring violence under control. ( to stop violence)

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

Implication:

Read between the lines:

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

Looking through the photographs is just like flowing on the sad river Thames: Wherever you go, you see sadness, hunger, sufferings, or violence, i.e., each photo seems to tell you a sad story of sadness, hunger, poverty and violence.

整天迷恋于电子游戏不但损害了她的健康，而且也吞噬了她的自信。

Indulging herself in video games all day ate (away) at her health as well as her self-confidence.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment11. Eat (away) at :11. Eat (away) at : destroy bit by bitdestroy bit by bit

The sea has beenThe sea has been eatingeating (away)(away) atat the the coast for years.coast for years.

12. stick one’s fingers in sth.12. stick one’s fingers in sth.

He seems always to have/ put/ dip/ get his finger in some funny business.

dipputget

have

他好像老是 参与一些恶作剧。

= be involved in what is happening; p= be involved in what is happening; participate in articipate in 插手、参与某事

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

她总是乐于参与左邻右舍的喜庆事。

She is always eager to stick/ have/ dip/get/ put a finger in any little festivity in her neighborhood.

II. Vocabulary Enrichment

As I spoke, I set the KFC box on the planter beside the pathway, …

IIIIII. Structure Analysis. Structure Analysis

1. Structure for occurrence原句

句型提炼 （一）

As I spoke I set…

一边… , 一边…

As sb did sth, he/she did sth else

ExercisesExercises

警察一边喊着：“不许动！”， 一边拔枪。As the policeman shouted: “Freeze!”, he pulled out his pistol.

IIIIII. Structure Analysis. Structure Analysis

Structure AnalysisStructure Analysis

原句

I set the KFC box on the planter beside the pathway

…I set the KFC box on the planter beside the pathway, contriving as I did so to toss my house keys into a bush.

as I didso

contrivingto toss my house keys into a bush

I set

句型提炼 （二）

Sb does/did sth, doing sth else

我我一边一边说，说，一边一边把肯德基快餐盒把肯德基快餐盒放在小路旁边的播种机上，… …放在小路旁边的播种机上，… …

Structure AnalysisStructure Analysis

ExercisesExercises“Here,” I replied, extending my left arm sideways. (line 19)

““ 在这儿，” 在这儿，” 我边回答，边把我边回答，边把左臂左臂伸向路旁。伸向路旁。

The manager approached us smiling.

经理边笑边朝我们走来。

Structure AnalysisStructure Analysis

2. Structure for simile : compare a real situation with an imaginary situation.原句…his arms and legs moved unexpectedly, as if attached to unseen wires. (L. 23)

他手臂和双腿冷不防地移动着，就好像是连着看不见的电线似的。

句型提炼

Sb./Sth. does sth., as if …

as if attached to unseen wires

Exercise:Exercise:Your uncle speaks English as if he were an Englishman.

Note1: The past subjunctive is used after “as if” to indicating unreality or improbability in the present.

were

Note2: The verb preceding “as if” can be put into a past tense without changing the tense of the subjunctive.

He talks/talked as if he knew where she was.

Structure AnalysisStructure Analysis

Note: “as if” can be followed by different structures but not followed directly by a noun.

She opened her lips as if to say something but stopped .

He glanced as if in search of something.

She paused as if waiting for a reply.

The boy started as if awakened from some dream.

IV. TranslationIV. Translation

1. 1. 一天当我沿着大街走的时候，钱包被人偷了。一天当我沿着大街走的时候，钱包被人偷了。

The other day when I was walking along the street, I had my wallet stolen.

the other daythe other day

have my wallet stolen

walk along the streetwalk along the street

2. 2. 我喜欢乘公共汽车上班，而不是自己驾车我喜欢乘公共汽车上班，而不是自己驾车。那天上午也不例外。。那天上午也不例外。

When I go to work, I prefer taking a bus rather than driving and that morning was no exception.

rather thanrather than

no exceptionno exception

V. V. Exercises--TranslationExercises--Translation

prefer taking prefer taking

a bus a bus

3. 3. 在遭到持械袭击的受害者人中在遭到持械袭击的受害者人中 , , 很少有人很少有人能够辨认出袭击他们的人能够辨认出袭击他们的人 ,, 因为他们的注意因为他们的注意力全集中在枪上力全集中在枪上 ,,而不是放在持枪人上。而不是放在持枪人上。

Some victims of armed attacks are seldom able to identify their offenders because their attention focuses on the guns, rather than on their users.

V. V. Exercises--TranslationExercises--Translation

victims of armed attacksvictims of armed attacks

able to able to identifyidentify

focus onfocus on rather thanrather than

4. 4. 这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的元凶。去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的元凶。

The two robbers’ methods suggested that they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the pass few months.

men who commit men who commit a number of a number of robberiesrobberies

V. V. Exercises--TranslationExercises--Translation

robbers’ methods robbers’ methods suggest that…suggest that…

over the past few mothsover the past few moths

5. 5. 我们珍惜自己行动的自由我们珍惜自己行动的自由 ,, 劳动的果实和我劳动的果实和我们的生命。们的生命。

We hold dear our freedom to move about, the fruits of labor and our own lives.

freedom to freedom to move aboutmove about

V. V. Exercises--TranslationExercises--Translation

hold hold dear / dear / valuevalue

the fruits the fruits of laborof labor

Changes in the Age Distribution of Drug Addicts

ⅥⅥ. Paragraph Writing. Paragraph Writing

0102030405060708090

1982 2002

青少年吸毒者成年吸毒者

写作模式（图表作文）

1) As can be seen from the graph, there have been sharp changes in the age distribution of drug addicts over the past 20 years. 2) To be concrete, the teenage addicts only made up 10 percent of all the drugsters in 1982 while this ratio rose up to 65 in 2002. 3) These changes are disturbing / distressing, but the causes for them are not hard to find. 4） First of all, …(原因 I) 5) Second, … (原因 II). 6) And above all, … (原因 III) 7) …(进一步阐述 ) 8) To sum up, …(结论句 ).

(注：划线部分可被替换 )

ⅥⅥ. Paragraph Writing. Paragraph Writing

1) As can be seen from the graph, there have been sharp changes in the age distribution of drug addicts. 2) To be concrete, the teenage addicts only made up 10 percent of all the drugsters in 1982 while the ratio rose up to 65 in 2002. 3) These changes are most distressing, but the causes

Reference model:

Changes in the Age Distribution of Drug Addicts

ⅥⅥ. Paragraph Writing. Paragraph Writing

for them are not hard to find. 4) First of all, teenagers’ fearless curiosity about everything new has led some of them into this marsh, and now they find it impossible to get themselves out of it. 5) Second, many of the young addicts turned for the first time to drugs for escape either from their failure in the national college entrance exams or from their parents’ breakup. 6) And above all, our education in the harmfulness of drugs has been far from adequate to build teenagers’

ⅥⅥ. Paragraph Writing. Paragraph Writing

ⅥⅥ. Paragraph Writing. Paragraph Writing

sound resistance to drugs. 7) Most addicts admit that they were then too ignorant of drugs to keep themselves away from the lure of the drug traffickers(贩毒者 ). 8) To sum up, the causes mentioned above must call for more of our concern, and effective measures should be taken to check the trend.