today apple maps labeling in gis labeling in adobe illustrator

Today

• Apple Maps• Labeling in GIS• Labeling in Adobe Illustrator

What is broken?

• Not the face of the map…• The gazetteer• The base data• The routing engine

Course Update

• MEET AT MAP COLLECTION WEDNESDAY!!

• End of Intro Module

• Lab this week…

POINT LABEL PLACEMENT

• Lowercase• Consistent location and spacing• Imply geographic relationships

with label locations

Line Label Placement

• Text that labels a line feature should follow that line

• Small gap between the line and label

• Many errors are possible

Line labels

• type should always be upright and be read from left-to-right…

• Vertical type should be readable from the right side of the page

• See figure 11.26 in your book

Note the errors

Labeling curves• ArcMap, Freehand enable you to attach type to

lines and curves (splines)• These curves should be simple

– A smooth approximation of the geographic feature

– Gradual changes in character orientation

What is a Spline?

• In computer graphics, a smooth curve that passes through two or more points. Splines are generated with mathematical formulas. Two of the most common types of splines are Bezier curves and b-spline curves.

Guidelines, er guidesplines!

•The fewer points, the better•Usually 2 or 3 points are enough

–Gentle “c” shaped curves–Gentle “s” shaped curves

•Remember to k e r n, but not too much on curves…

What the heck?

Guidelines: line feature labels

• Label along feature portions

Guidelines: line feature labels

• Label along feature portions• Use slight character spacing

Guidelines: line feature labels

• Label along feature portions• Use slight character spacing• Repeat labels for long features

Guidelines: line feature labels

•Label along feature portions•Use slight character spacing•Repeat labels for long features•Place label at straight, horizontal

portions

Guidelines: line feature labels

• Break lines that interfere with labels, but minimize interference

Guidelines: line feature labels

• Break lines that interfere with labels, but minimize interference

• Position labels above features if possible

Guidelines: line feature labels

• Break lines that interfere with labels, but minimize interference

• Position labels above features if possible

• No upside down labels

Guidelines: line feature labels

•Break lines that interfere with labels, but minimize interference

•Position labels above features if possible

•No upside down labels•Use simple splines to approximate

feature

Guidelines: line feature labels

• Break lines that interfere with labels, but minimize interference

• Position labels above features if possible• No upside down labels• Use simple splines to approximate feature• Small, consistent gaps between features and

labels

Let’s move on to Area Labels

• Shall we?

Area labels

• Area feature labels indicate extent• Often include large amounts of

character spacing (K E R N I N G)• Point size enlargement (Not good)• Curved labels are good

– Imply horizontal and vertical extent

Guidelines: area labels

•Suggest area extent with label–Position–Leading and Kerning–Curves

•Use uppercase letters (usually)•Adjust position that gaps fit across features

Hey Mister,What happens when

there are a lot of labels?

• What do we do then?

Dense label placement

Dense label placementtoo many leader lines

Dense label placement

Dense label placementtoo many road breaks

Dense label placement

Labels as symbols

• Labels are used as cues

Labels as symbols

• Labels are used as cues– Help map readers find and

categorize– Operates almost subconsciously

Labels as symbols

• Labels are used as cues– Help map readers find and

categorize– Operates almost subconsciously

• Learn how to make sensible groups of labels

Labels as symbols

•Labels are used as cues–Help map readers find and categorize

–Operates almost subconsciously•Learn how to make sensible groups of labels

•Lack of type differences on map create unnecessary confusion

Indicators of location

• Important for point lables• Know how to align text

– Depends on point/label relationship

• What happens when text is enlarged, or labels have multiple lines?

Text alignment and label position

Poor label planning

Poor label planning: when text is

enlarged…

Good label planning

Good label planning

Labels and feature categories

• Groups of type and groups of features– Organize your map features by

varying type styles– Beware of accidental hierarchies

• Point size, bold text, color lightness…

For Categorization adjust these label

properties• Font (type family)

• Style (roman/italic)

• Color hue

• arrangement

For Categorization adjust these label

properties• Font (type family)

• Style (roman/italic)

• Color hue

• arrangement

For Categorization adjust these label

properties• Font (type family)

• Style (roman/italic)

• Color hue

• arrangement

For Categorization adjust these label

properties• Font (type family)

• Style (roman/italic)

• Color hue

• arrangement

For Categorization adjust these label

properties• Font (type family)

• Style (roman/italic)

• Color hue

• arrangement

For Categorization adjust these label

properties• Font (type family)

• Style (roman/italic)

• Color hue

• arrangement

Labels and Feature Hierarchy

• Labels can also imply hierarchy– For example: city size, road width

Labels and Feature Hierarchy

•Labels can also imply hierarchy–For example: city size, road width

•How is this done?•Be aware of the link between label

hierarchy and map purpose!–Which labels should be most/least prominent?

For Hierarchy, adjust these type properties

• Point Size

• Weight

• Lightness

• Case

For Hierarchy, adjust these type properties

• Point Size

• Weight

• Lightness

• Case

For Hierarchy, adjust these type properties

• Point Size

• Weight

• Lightness

• Case

For Hierarchy, adjust these type properties

• Point Size

• Weight

• Lightness

• Case

For Hierarchy, adjust these type properties

• Point Size

• Weight

• Lightness

• Case

Perceptual Salience

• Label hierarchy is achieved by understanding how type properties influence perceptual salience