the simple present of to be

The Simple Present of To Be

Nouns: plural

Regular plurals

Noun endingSpelling ruleSingularplural

Most consonants+sA book, a

carBooks, cars

After s, ss,sh,ch,x+es

A busA dressA dish

A watchA box

BusesDressesDishes

WatchesBoxes

Consonants +yDrop y, add-ies A babyBabies

Vocal +yAdd –sA boyBoys

f or feChange to-vesA knifeknives

Nouns: plural

Irregular plurals Singular: a man, a woman, a child, a tooth, a mouse, a

sheep Plural : men, women, children, teeth, mice,

sheep

Subject pronouns

Singularplural

IWe

YouYou

He/She/Itthey

Subject pronouns+Simple Present of to be

Pronoun +to becontractions

I am a studentI’m a student

You are a studentYou’re a student

He is AliHe’s Ali

She is AishaShe’s Aisha

It is a bookIt’s a book

We are studentsWe’re students

You are friendsYou’re friends

They are girls (boys)They’re girls (boys)

Negative of to beSubject + to be (not) I am not a teacher. or I’m not a

teacher.

You are not a boy. or You’re not a boy.

He/She/It is not 21. or He/She/It’s not 21.

We/You/They are not teachers. or You’re not teachers.

To be + adjective

Descriptive adjectives A lemon is yellow (subject + to be + adjective) They are happy

Nationality adjectives Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian

(saudi) Singular good woman Plural good women

Possessive adjectives Pronouns possessive adjectives

I my book You your house He his name She her dress It its ball We our books You your houses They their names

Demonstrative adjectives

Singular: this Plural: these For people and things near to us

Singular: that Plural: thoseFor people and things that are not near

Questions with what, where, and who

Wh-word to be subject?What is your name?What are these?Where is Ahmad?Where are you from?Who is he?Who are they?

Example: What is this? This is a pen.

What’s your name? My name is Laila.Where’s Ahmad? Ahmad is in school.What’re these? These are books.

Prepositions of place

on

Prepositions of place in

Prepositions of place

In front of

Prepositions of place

behind

Prepositions of place

under

Prepositions of place

above

Prepositions of place

between

Prepositions of place

Next to

Prepositions of place

On is also used to say on which floor someone is: She lives on the second floor

At is used to talk about something or someone which is somewhere, without being very precise: He is at school