the present tense of –ar, -er, and –ir verbs that have stem changes lección 4

The present tense of –ar, -er, and –ir verbs that have stem changes

Lección 4

What are stem-changing verbs?• You have learned to conjugate regular –ar,-er, and –ir verbs in the present

tense by dropping the infinitive ending and adding the present tense endings to agree with the subject.

• Stem changing verbs are verbs that conjugate the endings the same way as regular verbs, but get letter changes in the stem in all persons except “nosotros” and “vosotros.” They are often referred to as boot verbs because a present tense stem-changing verb conjugation resembles a boot when a line is drawn around the forms with stem changes.

• The change occurs in the syllable directly before the verb ending:

– e changes to ie (-ar, -er, -ir verbs)– o changes to ue (-ar, -er, -ir verbs)– e changes to i ( only –ir verbs)

Boot verbs (e→ie) Example: querer = to want

Common e→ ie verbs p. 115-116

-ar -er -ircerrar entender preferircomenzar perderempezar quererpensar

o→ue Example: poder = to be able to/ (can/may)

Common o→ ue verbs p. 115-116* (not in text)

-ar -er -iralmorzar poder dormircontar volver morir *encontrar devolver *mostrar

Special u→ ue verbjugar = to play (a sport or game)

jugar + a + (el/los/la/las) + sport or game

e → i verbExample: pedir = to ask for; to request

• The only verbs that have an e to i change are some verbs that end in –ir. The –ar and –er verbs do not make this change.

pedimos

pedís

pido

pides

pidepiden

Common e→ i verbs p. 119* not in text

Only –ir verbs make this change such as:

pedirrepetir servir *

Common e→ i verbs with an additional spelling change in the “yo” form p. 119

Yo form (irregular spelling changes):decir dico → (digo)seguir siguo → (sigo) conseguir consiguo → (consigo)

A Uds. les toca…

Los verbos e→ ieYo _________________ la puerta. cerrarTú _________________ a estudiar. comenzarUd. ________________ la tarea. empezar

Los verbos e→ ie

Él no_________________en la clase de español. entender

Ella _________________ en los chicos. pensar

Nosotros ________________el libro de texto. perderUds. ________________dinero. querer

Los verbos e→ ie

Ellos_________________descansar los domingos. preferirEllas no_________________el autobús. perderJuan y yo ________________estudiar. pensarLos estudiantes ________________trabajar. querer

Los verbos o→ ueYo _________________ en la cafetería. almorzarTú _________________ tus libros en la mochila. encontrarUd. ________________ el mapa. mostrar

Los verbos o→ ue

Él _________________bailar muy bien. poder

Ella _________________ el libro. devolver

Nosotros no________________en la clase. dormir

Los hombres __________________ en la guerra. morir

Jugar : The special verb that changes u→ ue

Él _________________al baloncesto. jugar

Uds. _________________ a los videojuegos. jugar

Nosotros ________________al fútbol en el estadio. jugar

Yo __________________ en el parque. jugar

Los verbos e→ i

Él _________________en la cafetería. servir

Yo_________________ dinero. pedir

Nosotros _______________en la clase de español. repetir

Los estudiantes __________________ permiso. pedir

Los verbos e→ i

Tú no _________________en casa. servir

Uds._________________ mucho. pedir

Yo_______________las palabras. repetir

Ella __________________ en el restaurante. servir

Los verbos e→ i con cambios en el “yo”

Yo _________________ la verdad. decirTú _________________las instrucciones. seguirUd. ________________ una beca. conseguir

Los verbos e→ i con cambios en el “yo”

Ellos _________________ que no. decirYo_________________las instrucciones. seguirYo ________________ una beca. conseguir

Lo más difícil…What is most difficult…

• Conjugating stem-changing verbs is easy when you know which verbs get which changes. Just follow the “boot.”

• The most difficult part about learning stem-changing verbs is knowing which verbs get what changes.

• It is also important to know verb meanings from English to Spanish and from Spanish to English.

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards

English Side 1

to want

Spanish Side 2

toto closecerrar ( e→ ie)

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards

English Side 1

to want

Spanish Side 2

toto return (to go back)

volver ( o→ ue)

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards

English Side 1

to want

Spanish Side 2

toto ask for; request

pedir ( e→ i)

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards

English Side 1

to want

Spanish Side 2

toto play (a sport or game)

jugar ( u→ ue)

jugar+ a+ (el/los/la/las)+ sport

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards

English Side 1

to want

Spanish Side 2

toto wantto want to

querer ( e→ ie)

querer + noun querer + infinitive

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards

English Side 1

to want

Spanish Side 2

toto beginto begin to

empezar ( e→ ie)

empezar + noun empezar a + infinitive

24 verbos… 24 tarjetas24 verbs…24 cards

English Side 1

to want

Spanish Side 2

to

to thinkto think ofto think aboutto plan to

pensar ( e→ ie)pensar + de

pensar + en pensar + infinitive