states of matter - denton · pdf filevocabulary preview •matter •physical...

I know matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used.

I can classify matter based on physical properties, including mass,

magnetism, physical state (solid, liquid, and gas), relative density (sinking and floating), solubility in

water, and the ability to conduct or insulate thermal energy or electric energy. (5.5A)

What is Matter? • Everything in the universe that has MASS and takes

up space (has volume) is classified as MATTER.

5.5AB 4.5AB 3.5ABC

Vocabulary Preview • Matter

• Physical Properties

• Mass

• Magnetism

• Physical State – Solid

– Liquid

– Gas

• Volume

• Temperature

• Heating

• Cooling

• Boiling point

• Freezing point

• Density

• Sinking

• Floating

• Conduct

• Insulate

• Thermal energy

• Electric energy

• Mixtures

• Maintain

• Iron Filings

• Solution

• Solubility

• Dissolve

What is Matter?

• All matter is made up of small particles called

molecules.

• These molecules are so small that they can be

seen only with the strongest microscopes.

• The arrangement of molecules and the amount of

energy in the molecules give matter properties

(characteristics/qualities).

Physical Properties

• The physical properties of matter are

measurable.

• Physical properties are features you can

observe with your senses.

• Physical properties are characteristics you can

measure with a tool.

• Physical properties are qualities that can be

changed without changing the matter itself.

What are the physical properties of matter?

1. Mass

2. Volume

3. Temperature

4. Magnetism

5. Physical State (solid, liquid, gas)

6. Relative Density

7. Solubility in Water

8. Ability to Conduct thermal energy or electric energy

9. Ability to Insulate thermal energy or electric energy

Mass

• Mass is the amount of matter something

contains.

• Scientists measure the mass of matter instead

of the weight of matter.

• Mass is measured in metric units.

• Mass is measured with a balance.

• Mass is not effected by gravity like weight is.

The mass of a dog is the same on Earth as it is

on the moon. The weight of a dog is greater on

Earth than on the moon.

Volume

• All matter has volume.

• Volume is the amount of space something

takes up.

• Volume is measured in two ways.

– 1. use a ruler: length x width x height

– 2. use a graduated cylinder (displacement)

Density

• Items that are not dense will float.

• Items that are very dense will sink.

• Relative Density is the physical property of matter

that compares the amount of matter to the space

taken up.

• When we talk about density, we are usually

referring to “how crowded” the molecules are.

• Density can be measured in grams per milliliter (

g/ml ).

• Solids are the densest phase of matter.

• Gases are the least dense.

Magnetism • Magnetism is a type of force, an attraction, that pulls across a distance.

• Matter that contains Nickel, Iron, or Cobalt are magnetic.

• Steel is made of Iron, so a magnet attracts anything made of steel like paper

clips, staples, and food cans.

• Not all metals are attracted to a magnet. The metal must contain iron to be

magnetic.

A magnet does NOT attract aluminum, most coins, glass, plastic, wood, or

rubber.

• The center of the earth is iron which is why we have magnetic poles and

why a compass works.

• A magnet is an object that attracts certain metals (mainly iron).

• One end of a magnet is called the south pole. The other end is called the

north pole.

• One end of a magnet repels while the other attracts.

• Opposite poles attract.

• The same poles repel.

Temperature

• Temperature measures the physical property of ‘how hot’ or ‘how cold’ material is.

• Celsius is the common unit of measurement for temperature C

• Thermometers are the scientific tools used to measure temperature.

Boiling point is the temperature at

which something becomes a gas.

Water has a boiling point of 100° C.

This means that at 100° C, water begins

to change from a liquid to a gas.

Melting point is the temperature at

which something becomes a liquid.

Water has a melting point of 0° C.

This means that at 0° C, water in the

form of ice begins to change from a solid to a liquid.

Freezing point is the temperature at

which something becomes a solid.

Water has a freezing point of 0° C.

This means that at 0° C, water begins

to change from a liquid to a solid.

TEKS 5.7A

Conductors of Heat Energy

• Materials that DO transfer heat energy from higher temperature to lower temperature areas.

****************************************************************************************************************************************************

• Examples – materials made of metal and glass

Conduction means allowing the transfer of heat from a higher temperature area to a lower temperature area.

Heat energy flow

TEKS 5.7A

Insulators of Heat Energy

• A material that does NOT transfer heat readily

*************************************************************************************************************************************

• Examples – materials made of rubber, wood, cloth

– materials that have air pockets

Insulation means providing a barrier to the flow of energy, in this case, heat.

Heat energy

Ins

ula

tor

TEKS 5.7A

Heat insulation is also called

thermal insulation

The house insulation in the walls and attic will slow

down the transfer of heat. In cold weather, inside a

warm house will be warmer than the outside

temperature. In hot weather, inside a cool house will

be cooler than the outside temperature.

The blanket keeps body heat (heat energy) close to

the boy. Heat energy is not transferred into the

surrounding air.

The styrofoam cup slows down heat transfer. A cold

drink in the cup will stay colder than the surrounding air.

A hot drink in the cup will stay hotter than the

surrounding air.

TEKS 5.7A

Practice your learning

Conductors

• Describe conductors.

• Give an example of a conductor.

• Describe a practical use of a heat conductor.

Insulators

• Describe insulators.

• Give an example of an insulator.

• Describe a practical use of a heat insulator.

The Physical States of Matter

Solids

• A solid is matter that has a definite

shape and takes up a definite

amount of space.

• The particles in a solid are close

together like neat and even stacks

of tiny balls.

• The particles are vibrating.

Liquids • A liquid is matter that takes the shape of its container and

takes up a definite amount of space.

• When matter is a liquid, its particles slip and slide around each other.

• They move from place to place, but they still stay close to each other.

• If you pour a liquid from one container than the other, the amount of matter in the liquid stays the same

Gases • A gas is matter that has no definite

shape and takes up no definite

amount of space.

• Like liquid particles the particles in

gases are not arranged in any

pattern.

• Unlike liquids, particles in gases

don’t stay close together.

• This is because the particles in

gases are moving much faster than

the particles in liquids.

How does matter change?

Matter

• Can be changed from one state to another

and back by heating or cooling

PHASE CHANGES Description of

Phase Change

Term for Phase

Change

Heat Movement During

Phase Change

Solid to

liquid

Melting

Heat goes into

the solid as it

melts.

Liquid to

solid Freezing

Heat leaves the

liquid as it

freezes.

PHASE CHANGES Description of

Phase Change

Term for Phase

Change

Heat Movement During

Phase Change

Liquid to

gas

Vaporization,

which includes

boiling and

evaporation

Heat goes into the

liquid as it vaporizes.

Gas to liquid Condensation Heat leaves the gas

as it condenses.

Solid to gas Sublimation Heat goes into the

solid as it sublimates.

What is happening?

STARTS CHANGES TO WHAT HAPPENED?

Solid Liquid

Liquid Gas

Liquid Solid

Gas Liquid

Mixture – a combination of two or more materials

that can be separated

•Each material (substance) keeps most of its own

physical properties.

Solution – a transparent or translucent liquid mixture

•Solutions are often solids dissolved into liquids.

•Solutions can also be liquids dissolved into liquids.

•The physical properties of the ingredients change in

a solution.

What happens when we mix matter? 5.5 CD 4.5C 5.3D

Solubility

• Solubility is the physical property which

describes how easily a substance breaks down

smaller and smaller pieces until it gets so small

that it dissolves and you can no longer see it.

• If something is soluble it means it will dissolve.

• A solid dissolves when it mixes evenly with the

liquid and disappears.

• A liquid dissolves when it mixes evenly with

another liquid and disappears.