seed enhancements - iowa state universityagron- enhancements seed enhancement ... tomato seed lots...
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10/9/2017
1
SEED ENHANCEMENTS
Seed enhancement
Seed Enhancement
Upgrading
Mechanical refinement
Priming
Coatings and pellets
Seed Enhancement
Upgrading
Density sorting
Optical sorting
Fluid-based methods
Mechanical refinement
Priming
Coatings and pellets
Incotec fluid density sorting technology
Tomato seed lots upgraded SORTEX Z+ optical sorting
Recognition software:
Color, reflectivity
Features like bumps and holes
Circularity, curvature
Holes
Length, width
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H. JALINK, ; A. FRANDAS ;
R. VAN DER SCHOOR; J.B. BINO, 1998
Chlorophyll sensing as an indicator of maturity
Seed Enhancement
Upgrading
Mechanical refinement
Debearding
Scarification
Priming
Coatings and pellets
Scarification: Well-
established technology De-linting of cotton seed: Biggest
mechanical seed enhancement operation
Seed Enhancement
Upgrading
Mechanical refinement
Priming
Brief hydration/dehydration
Deep priming
Coatings and pellets
Seed priming: The two extremes
Hydration/dehydration
Whole cycle lasts a day or two
Does not require oxygen
Embryo does not grow or lose desiccation tolerance
Deep priming
Several days duration
Uses oxygen and involves growth of the embryo
Loss of desiccation tolerance constant danger
Drying conditions may be crucial
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Generalized priming strategy
Hydrate
seeds and
begin
germinative
processes
Germination
and growth
Intermediate
state
Added value
Dormancy breaking
Stress tolerance
PGRs
Drying Enhanced
seed product
Restrictions
Time
Temperature
Water potential
Low oxygen
Phase II
Seed Priming
Keting Chen, Iowa State Horticulture From Harris Moran website
Young Rog Yeoung, 1994 Dissertation
Muskmelon priming at different water
potentials and oxygen levels
Germination speed of dried seed
Seed Enhancement
Upgrading
Mechanical refinement
Priming
Coatings and pellets
Pesticide treatments
Beneficial microorganisms
Pelleting for plantability
Film-coats for appearance and slip
Functional coatings
Plant growth regulators
Seed treatment market
• Estimated global seed treatment market for 2016 is $3430.3 million (from $2250 million in 2010).
• Estimated compound annual growth rate from 2011 to 2016 is 13.5%.
Source: Seed Treatment Market Trends and Global
Forecast (2011-2016) - MarketsandMarkets
How Seed Treatment are applied
Source: Seed Treatment and Environment Committee of the ISF
How Seed Treatment are applied
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Examples of film coats and pellets
Bare lettuce seed, film coated (green),
encrusted (pink) and pelleted (white).
Becker Underwood products
Seed pelleting: The original seed enhancement
Small-scale coating and
pelleting machines from
Seed Processing in Holland
Drying step not included
Film-coater
Pelletizer
Functional coatings Intellicoat® Temperature Triggered Coatings
Below 55° Above 55°
Coating is a barrier to
moisture.
Coating is permeable to
moisture.
•Unique polymer technology that regulates
germination of seed
•Functional Coating that responds to changing
soil temperature
•Protects seeds under cold environments Polymer
coated Uncoated
Seed Enhancement Coatings
Landec Seed Treatment Formulations
•Effective binder for fungicides and
insecticides on seed
•Faster drydown for high throughput
application
•Extremely low dust off
Relay Crop
soybeans ®
Early Plant
Corn ®
Pollinator
Plus ®
Plant Growth Regulators Ongoing work at Valent BioSciences
Induction of cold tolerance
Delay of anthesis (via delay of germination)
Dormancy breaking and acceleration of germination
Alteration of plant morphology
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Cold Stress Tolerance Means across inbreds. Dysart, IA delay product trial
Heat unit delay Final stand
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Cut 0.15mg 0.30mg 0.60mg 0.80mg
Dela
y a
t an
thesis
(G
DD
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
UTC Cut 0.15mg 0.30mg 0.60mg 0.80mg
Fin
al sta
nd
(%
)
Num Den Effect DF DF F Value Pr > F Treatment 5 476 420.55 <.0001 Inbred*Trt 42 112 14.54 <.0001
Num Den Effect DF DF F Value Pr > F Inbred 7 24 29.69 <.0001 Treatment 5 490 80.97 <.0001 Inbred*Trt 35 490 8.74 <.0001
Cut 1X 2X 4X 5.3X UTC Cut 1X 2X 4X 5.3X
Relative maturity of female parent
Relative maturity of male parent
Emergence Planting Flowering
Severe risk of yield loss and genetic
contamination
Problem: Male and female parents may not flower simultaneously since
the environment is unpredictable Female emergence
distribution
Male emergence
distribution
Planting 1 Flowering
Conventional solution: Split planting of male parent produces elongated pollen
shed distribution
Planting 2
Emergence distribution 2
Emergence distribution 1 Net shed distribution
Time
Inbred delay product: Timing in hybrid seed production
Seed Science Center
Untreated Treated
Untreated Treated
Anthesis delay produced by new seed treatment via delay in germination
Seed Science Center
Product name: Stamina F3 HL
Company: BASF
Active ingredient(s):
Pyraclostrobin (Headline), triticonazole, metalaxyl
Pest(s) controlled:
Diseases
Seed Science Center
Benefits beside pathogen control: - Enhanced root diameter/root volume
3.1 b
4.3 a
0
5
Avera
ge D
iam
ete
r (m
m)
7 DAP
Base ST
Base ST +
pyraclostrobin
(5 gai/100 kg)
Growth Chamber Experiment Var: Granger, 7 DAP, rolled paper towel Temperature regime: 4°C for 4 hours 12°C for 16 hours 19°C for 4 hours Measured with WinRhizo Scanalyzer (10 seedlings/treatment)
14 b
27 a
10
20
30
Ro
ot
Vo
lum
e (
mm
3)
7 DAPPr > F = 0.029 Pr > F = 0.038
Base ST Base ST + pyraclostrobin
Greater Root Diameter and Root Volume with Pyraclostrobin
Root Diameter Root Volume
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0
20
40
60
80
100
% I
nju
red
tis
su
e
Standard Standard +
63 b
LESS % OF INJURED TISSUE from STAMINA - treated seeds under cold / light freezing conditions. FIELD STUDY – Beaver Crossing, NEBRASKA, Fall 2007
Field Study, Beaber Creek, Nebraska, 2007
Cold conditions 30-32° F prior to evaluation.
Treatment including Stamina significantly different from the check (p= 0.05)
98 a
Benefits beside pathogen control: - Mitigate abiotic stress risks: Sensitivity to cold temperatures
Artificial seeds
• A method for the encapsulation of
somatic embryos.
• Cell culture and regeneration
techniques allow the mass production
of somatic embryos.
• Used to generate genetically identical
seedlings of poplar, orchids and other
species.
Artificial or synthetic seeds
• Somatic embryos are produced
asexually from vegetative tissue
(callus).
• Genetically identical seedlings
(clones).
• Must be encapsulated to protect from
desiccation and pathogens.
Artificial or synthetic seeds
Artificial or synthetic seeds: A method for the
encapsulation of somatic embryos
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• Non uniform embryos due to multiple
stages of development.
• Easy to generate roots but not
shoots.
• Some of the chemical used to induce
synchronization of embryo
development (ABA) can cause
dehydration .
Artificial seeds - Challenges
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