research group fluidized bed systems and refinery technology · fluidized bed systems and refinery...

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Chemical Process Engineering

Fluidized Bed Systems and Refinery Technology

Research Group Fluidized Bed Systems and Refinery Technology

Contact: alexander.reichhold@tuwien.ac.at

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Chemical Process Engineering

Bio-FCC

Bio-FCC

Catalytic Cracking of vegetable and pyrolysis oils to hydrocarbons in a continuous FCC-pilot plant

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Chemical Process Engineering

Importance of Biofuels

Mid and long term: Limited supply of crude oil

CO2-accumulation in the atmosphere due to open carbon cycles

Immediately (short term): Autarky efforts of European Union

EU-directive 2009/28: Blending of conventional fuels with up to 10% biofuels by 2020

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Chemical Process Engineering

Historic Development

Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by thermal cracking

Due to the production of more gasoline with a higher octane rating thermal cracking was replaced by catalytic cracking

Most important conversion process used in petroleum refineries

Conversion of high boiling hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils to more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases and other products

Adaption of the FCC-process for the use of vegetable- and pyrolysis-oils

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Chemical Process Engineering

FCC Pilot Plant

heating system

inert gas N2

dry pressured air

regenerator zone

siphon

feed inlet zone

return flow tube

particle separator

riser

inert gas N2

flue gas

product gas

oil- feed

preheating oven

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Chemical Process Engineering

Advanced FCC Pilot Plant

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Chemical Process Engineering

Improvements

Improvements

Thermal decoupling by the implementation of a catalyst cooler

Enlargement of the regenerator diameter Adjustability of the catalyst – oil ratio Catalyst sampling during operation

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Chemical Process Engineering

Products

Crack gas

Gasoline

LCO +

Residue

Water

Coke

Feed

FBPlg

mmmK 215, =+

=

Conversion

Gas Fraction Gas Chromatography

C1 - C4

Liquid Fraction

Gas Chromatography

(SimDist)

Gasoline (FBP 215°C)

LCO (215°C - 350°C) + Residue (IBP 350°C)

Water (IBP 100°C) (add. Bio Oil to VGO)

Solid Fraction Coke (polyaromates)

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Chemical Process Engineering

Productspectrum

Water

Coke

LCO+ResidueGas

GasolineTotal Fuel Yield

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

VGOPalmitic

acid Oleic acid Palm oilRapeseed

oil Soybeanoil Waste

VegetableOil

0 13 13

11 11

10 14

6 4 6 6 6 6 8

15

5 12 14 18 21

18

38 44

25 27 23

21 19

41 34

44 40 41 40 41

79 78

69 67 63

61 60

Amou

nt m

%

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Chemical Process Engineering

Typical Gasoline Fraction

Naphtenes 11%

i-Paraffins 16%

n-Paraffins 3%

Cyclo Olefins 4%

i-Olefins 5%

n-Olefins 3%

Aromatics 57%

RON: 104,4 MON: 91,7

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Chemical Process Engineering

Typical Gas Fraction

Methane 4% Ethane 2%

Ethene 7%

Propane 4%

Propene 42% Isobutane 7%

1-butene 17%

n-butane 2%

trans-2-butene 9% cis-2-butene 6%

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Chemical Process Engineering

Further Research

Further Research

Reactor design Process design / modeling Process optimization

Alternative feeds (liquid / solid) Catalyst tests Plant optimization

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Chemical Process Engineering

Contact

For further information please contact:

Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Alexander REICHHOLD Email: alexander.reichhold@tuwien.ac.at Tel.: +43 1 58801 166 302

DI Josef FIMBERGER Email: josef.fimberger@tuwien.ac.at Tel.: +43 1 58801 166 328 DI Matthias SWOBODA Email: matthias.@tuwien.ac.at Tel.: +43 1 58801 166 327 FAX: +43 1 58801 166 99 Web: http://www.vt.tuwien.ac.at