lorraine maclauchlan forest entomologist, southern interior region ministry of natural resource...
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UPDATE ON FOREST HEALTH
PRESENTED TO THE
SOUTHERN INTERIOR BEETLE ACTION COALITION
Lorraine MaclauchlanForest Entomologist, Southern Interior RegionMinistry of Natural Resource OperationsKamloops, B.C.
2009 2010
Mountain Pine Beetle 546,844 262,942
Douglas-fir Beetle 2,456 1,532
Spruce Beetle 11,249 3,818
Western Balsam Bark Beetle 97,324 112,382
Ha affected
Status of bark beetles in the Kamloops, Cascades and
Okanagan Shuswap Districts 2009 & 2010
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Mill
ions
of
ha
Mountain pine beetle in B.C. 1980-2010
Ha mapped red attack
2007200820092010
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Th
ou
san
ds o
f h
a r
ed
att
ack
Ha MPB in Okanagan Shuswap District
1980-2010
98,064 ha in 2010
(37% decline)
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Th
ou
san
ds
of
ha
red
att
ack
Ha MPB in Kamloops District
1980-2010
9,878 ha in 2010
(91% decline)
19801982
19841986
19881990
19921994
19961998
20002002
20042006
20082010
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Th
ou
san
ds
of
ha
red
att
ack
Ha MPB in Cascades District
1980-2010
155,000 ha in 2010
(57% decline)
Young pine continues to be killed by MPB and twig beetles despite
low proximity to risk
19992001
20032005
20072009
20110
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
MPB in Mature Pl (millions of ha) MPB attack in Young Pl
Mill
ions
of h
a aff
ecte
d by
MPB
1.96 mill. ha pine age 20-50 years
14.9 mill. ha mature pine 2008
SIR = 7,596 ha mapped in 2010
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
MPB attack in young pine in BC
Ha a
ffect
ed b
y M
PB
DOSDCS
DKADHW
DMH
DQUDCC
DCHDRM
DABDCO
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200N
o. o
f sta
nds
with
MPB
5,770 ha of MPB mortality
Number of young pine stands in SIR having some level of MPB mortality
in 2010
Spruce beetle – 29,922 ha • half in the Central Cariboo District
• Decrease in the Okanagan
• Still active in spots in the Kamloops & Cascades Districts
Douglas-fir beetle – 10,809 ha• Sounds pretty low – not the whole picture
• spot data not finalized & FB often not well represented in overview mapping
Other bark beetles in the Southern Interior
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000H
ec
tare
s a
ffe
cte
d
Western balsam bark beetle – 186,284 ha• continuous, annual mortality by WBBB
• rarely large areas of mortality, but regular spots throughout landscape
Annual attack by Dyrocoetes confusus
Defoliators in the Southern Interior
Defoliating Insect Ha defoliated
Western Spruce Budworm 503,999
Two Year Cycle Budworm 91,845
Douglas-fir Tussock Moth 16,303
Western Blackheaded Budworm 93,241
Western Hemlock Looper 3,318
Aspen Serpentine Leaf Miner 205,188
Forest Tent caterpillar 128,258
Bruce Spanworm 1,682,631
Hectares defoliated in BC in 2010
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
Headwaters
Okanagan Shuswap
Selkirk
Ave
. # m
oth
s p
er 6
-tra
p c
lust
er
Population trend of western hemlock looper in 3 Districts (ave. # moths caught per 6-trap
cluster)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Th
ou
san
ds
of
ha
def
olia
ted
Annual defoliation (ha) by western spruce budworm in the Southern Interior Region
2000-2010
1916 – 2010 western spruce budworm defoliation
2009 western spruce budworm defoliation
2010 western spruce budworm defoliation & spray blocks
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
Hect
ares
spra
yed
with
B.t.
k.
Cariboo = 21,115 haKamloops = 26,572 ha
Hectares sprayed in Southern Interior Region with B.t.k. for WSB management:
2000-2010
47,6
87 h
a
19871988
19891990
19911992
19931994
19951996
19971998
19992000
20012002
2003*2004
20052006
20072008
20092010
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
Kamloops Cariboo
Hec
tare
s tr
eate
d w
ith
B.t.
k.Annual B.t.k. spray (ha) history for WSB
1987-2010
WSB predicted defoliation levels for 2011 – number of sites falling into each severity category
DCC DCH DQU DOS DCS DKA DCK0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Nil Light Moderate Severe
Districts in Southern Interior
# s
ite
s i
n e
ac
h d
efo
lia
tio
n c
ate
go
ry
1 2 3 4 5
Years
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80Ha affected
2011 should be collapse year17
,512
ha
17,9
56 h
a
2,59
7 ha
Douglas-fir Tussock Moth – an eruptive
defoliator
19181922
19261930
19341938
19421946
19501954
19581962
19661970
19741978
19821986
19901994
19982002
20062010
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
DFTM defoliation - all outbreak areas (ha)
Year
Ha
defo
liate
dDouglas-fir tussock moth outbreak dynamics in B.C.
Cu
rren
t ou
tbre
ak 2
00
8-2
01
0
Ha defoliated by Douglas-fir tussock moth and area sprayed with NPV or B.t.k. - 2007-2010
2,597 ha
17,5
12 h
a
trace
17,9
56 h
a
1,447 7,637
2010 Spray Program
1,447 ha treated with NPV (virus)
7,637 ha treated with B.t.k.
Area of historic DFTM defoliation1918-2002
W Kamloops Cache Creek Pavillion Central OK0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Colapsed Nil
Severe Moderate
Light
Nu
mb
er
of
sit
es
in
ea
ch
de
foli
ati
on
c
ate
go
ry
Predicted 2011 DFTM defoliation based on egg mass sampling – number of sites in each severity
category
2011 Spray Plans for western spruce budworm & Douglas-fir
tussock mothDouglas-fir tussock moth: 6,615 ha (over 25
blocks) with B.t.k.•Pavillion Lake•MacLean Lake •W. Kamloops•Penticton/Summerland area (tentative)
Western spruce budworm: 46,000 ha with B.t.k.•21,800 in the Cariboo•25,000 ha in Kamloops
SUMMARY• MPB still active in south & may decline if
winter cold snaps continue
• Pockets of western pine beetle active in south
• Budworm declining but still over large area – increasing in south
• Tussock moth projected to collapse in most areas after 2011 defoliation
• western hemlock looper may outbreak in 2011
• Other bark beetles active/scattered
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