UPDATE ON FOREST HEALTH

PRESENTED TO THE

SOUTHERN INTERIOR BEETLE ACTION COALITION

Lorraine MaclauchlanForest Entomologist, Southern Interior RegionMinistry of Natural Resource OperationsKamloops, B.C.

2009 2010

Mountain Pine Beetle 546,844 262,942

Douglas-fir Beetle 2,456 1,532

Spruce Beetle 11,249 3,818

Western Balsam Bark Beetle 97,324 112,382

Ha affected

Status of bark beetles in the Kamloops, Cascades and

Okanagan Shuswap Districts 2009 & 2010

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Mill

ions

of

ha

Mountain pine beetle in B.C. 1980-2010

Ha mapped red attack

2007200820092010

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Th

ou

san

ds o

f h

a r

ed

att

ack

Ha MPB in Okanagan Shuswap District

1980-2010

98,064 ha in 2010

(37% decline)

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Th

ou

san

ds

of

ha

red

att

ack

Ha MPB in Kamloops District

1980-2010

9,878 ha in 2010

(91% decline)

19801982

19841986

19881990

19921994

19961998

20002002

20042006

20082010

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Th

ou

san

ds

of

ha

red

att

ack

Ha MPB in Cascades District

1980-2010

155,000 ha in 2010

(57% decline)

Young pine continues to be killed by MPB and twig beetles despite

low proximity to risk

19992001

20032005

20072009

20110

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

MPB in Mature Pl (millions of ha) MPB attack in Young Pl

Mill

ions

of h

a aff

ecte

d by

MPB

1.96 mill. ha pine age 20-50 years

14.9 mill. ha mature pine 2008

SIR = 7,596 ha mapped in 2010

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

MPB attack in young pine in BC

Ha a

ffect

ed b

y M

PB

DOSDCS

DKADHW

DMH

DQUDCC

DCHDRM

DABDCO

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200N

o. o

f sta

nds

with

MPB

5,770 ha of MPB mortality

Number of young pine stands in SIR having some level of MPB mortality

in 2010

Spruce beetle – 29,922 ha • half in the Central Cariboo District

• Decrease in the Okanagan

• Still active in spots in the Kamloops & Cascades Districts

Douglas-fir beetle – 10,809 ha• Sounds pretty low – not the whole picture

• spot data not finalized & FB often not well represented in overview mapping

Other bark beetles in the Southern Interior

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000H

ec

tare

s a

ffe

cte

d

Western balsam bark beetle – 186,284 ha• continuous, annual mortality by WBBB

• rarely large areas of mortality, but regular spots throughout landscape

Annual attack by Dyrocoetes confusus

Defoliators in the Southern Interior

Defoliating Insect Ha defoliated

Western Spruce Budworm 503,999

Two Year Cycle Budworm 91,845

Douglas-fir Tussock Moth 16,303

Western Blackheaded Budworm 93,241

Western Hemlock Looper 3,318

Aspen Serpentine Leaf Miner 205,188

Forest Tent caterpillar 128,258

Bruce Spanworm 1,682,631

Hectares defoliated in BC in 2010

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Headwaters

Okanagan Shuswap

Selkirk

Ave

. # m

oth

s p

er 6

-tra

p c

lust

er

Population trend of western hemlock looper in 3 Districts (ave. # moths caught per 6-trap

cluster)

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Th

ou

san

ds

of

ha

def

olia

ted

Annual defoliation (ha) by western spruce budworm in the Southern Interior Region

2000-2010

1916 – 2010 western spruce budworm defoliation

2009 western spruce budworm defoliation

2010 western spruce budworm defoliation & spray blocks

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

Hect

ares

spra

yed

with

B.t.

k.

Cariboo = 21,115 haKamloops = 26,572 ha

Hectares sprayed in Southern Interior Region with B.t.k. for WSB management:

2000-2010

47,6

87 h

a

19871988

19891990

19911992

19931994

19951996

19971998

19992000

20012002

2003*2004

20052006

20072008

20092010

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

Kamloops Cariboo

Hec

tare

s tr

eate

d w

ith

B.t.

k.Annual B.t.k. spray (ha) history for WSB

1987-2010

WSB predicted defoliation levels for 2011 – number of sites falling into each severity category

DCC DCH DQU DOS DCS DKA DCK0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Nil Light Moderate Severe

Districts in Southern Interior

# s

ite

s i

n e

ac

h d

efo

lia

tio

n c

ate

go

ry

1 2 3 4 5

Years

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80Ha affected

2011 should be collapse year17

,512

ha

17,9

56 h

a

2,59

7 ha

Douglas-fir Tussock Moth – an eruptive

defoliator

19181922

19261930

19341938

19421946

19501954

19581962

19661970

19741978

19821986

19901994

19982002

20062010

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

DFTM defoliation - all outbreak areas (ha)

Year

Ha

defo

liate

dDouglas-fir tussock moth outbreak dynamics in B.C.

Cu

rren

t ou

tbre

ak 2

00

8-2

01

0

Ha defoliated by Douglas-fir tussock moth and area sprayed with NPV or B.t.k. - 2007-2010

2,597 ha

17,5

12 h

a

trace

17,9

56 h

a

1,447 7,637

2010 Spray Program

1,447 ha treated with NPV (virus)

7,637 ha treated with B.t.k.

Area of historic DFTM defoliation1918-2002

W Kamloops Cache Creek Pavillion Central OK0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Colapsed Nil

Severe Moderate

Light

Nu

mb

er

of

sit

es

in

ea

ch

de

foli

ati

on

c

ate

go

ry

Predicted 2011 DFTM defoliation based on egg mass sampling – number of sites in each severity

category

2011 Spray Plans for western spruce budworm & Douglas-fir

tussock mothDouglas-fir tussock moth: 6,615 ha (over 25

blocks) with B.t.k.•Pavillion Lake•MacLean Lake •W. Kamloops•Penticton/Summerland area (tentative)

Western spruce budworm: 46,000 ha with B.t.k.•21,800 in the Cariboo•25,000 ha in Kamloops

SUMMARY• MPB still active in south & may decline if

winter cold snaps continue

• Pockets of western pine beetle active in south

• Budworm declining but still over large area – increasing in south

• Tussock moth projected to collapse in most areas after 2011 defoliation

• western hemlock looper may outbreak in 2011

• Other bark beetles active/scattered