language, power and authority

LANGUAGE, POWER AND AUTHORITY

LECTURE 4

ALAIN CHARTIER, LE QUADRILOGUE INVECTIF

Family Tree

Philippe le Bed. 1314l

Louis le Hutind. 1316

Ph. le Longd. 1322

Charles le Beld. 1328

daughter

Isabellam. Edward II

Edward III3 daughtersdaughter

Hundred Years’ War

1337 Beginning of war

1340 Battle of Sluys

1346 Battle of Crecy

1356 Battle of Poitiers

1415 Battle of Agincourt

Bourgeois de Paris

Jour et nuit crioient hommes, femmes, petits

enfants: “Helas, je meurs de froit!” et l’autre

“Je meurs de fain”.

Bourgeois de Paris

En ce temps estoient les loups si affames qu’ils desterroient a leurs pattes les corps des gens … car partout ou on alloit, on trouvoit des morts et aux champs et aux villes, de la grant povrete, du cher temps et de la famine qu’ils souffroient, pour la maudite guerre qui tousjours croissoit de jour en jour.

Latin loan-words

• Somptueusement < Lat. sumptuosus, 14th c.

• Habitacions < Lat. habitatio, c. 1350

• Negligence < Lat. negligentia, c. 1250

• Refection < Lat. refectio, c. 1410

• Edifice < Lat. aedificium, c. 1250

LEXICON

=

VOCABULARY

Etymologically correct forms

HIGH STATUS

Used for:

• Religion

• Education

• Law and Administration

• “Literature”

LATINATE VOCABULARY

SEIGNEURIEUX EDIFICE

V.

MAISON ROYALE

LATINATE VOCABULARY

1408 1250

SEIGNEURIEUX EDIFICE

V.

MAISON ROYALE

LINGUISTIC VOCABULARY

• DOUBLET

• PLEONASM

DOUBLETS

• Entailleures, paintures, armoeries et menueries

• Desmentoit et decrevoit

• Plaintif et langoureux

NON-ETYMOLOGICAL LETTERS

Chartier Latin etymons

• Haultes altus

• Default defallere

• Dessoubz desubtus

• Daulphins *dalfinus

• Principaulx principalis

CRITICAL VOCABULARY

PARATAXIS V. HYPOTAXIS

CRITICAL VOCABULARY

PARATAXIS V. HYPOTAXIS

= =SIMPLE COMPLEXDECLARATIVE SENTENCESSENTENCES

PARATACTIC SENTENCE

I got up early, I went to work, I had a report to write.

HYPOTACTIC SENTENCE

I got up early in order to go to work, because I had a report to write

HIGH-STATUS LANGUAGE

1. ACCEPTANCE

2. CODIFICATION

3. ELABORATION

HIGH-STATUS LANGUAGE

WHAT WE SHALL NOW BE SEEING, INTHE RENAISSANCE AND LATER, IS:

CODIFICATION

ELABORATION