knee joint

ANATOMY OF KNEE JOINT

IT IS A LARGE AND

COMPLICATED JOINT OF THE

BODY.

IT IS COMPLEX DUE TO

FUSION OF THREE JOINTS.

IT IS MADE UP OF FEMUR,

TIBIA AND PATELLA.

FORMATION OF KNEE JOINT

IT IS A COMPOUND SYNOVIAL

JOINT.

IT INCORPORATES TWO

CONDYLER JOINTS BETWEEN

THE CONDYLES OF FEMUR

AND TIBIA.

AND THIRD ONE IS SADDLE

JOINT BETWEEN THE FEMUR

AND THE PATELLA.

JOINT TYPE

THE ARTICULAR

SURFACES OF KNEE JOINT

ARE AS FOLLOWING.

THE CONDYLES OF

FEMUR.

THE PATELLA.

THE CONDYLES OF

TIBIA.

ARTICULAR SURFACES

THE KNEE JOINT IS SUPPORTED

BY FOLLOWING LIGAMENTS.

FIBROUS CAPSULE.

LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE.

TIBIAL COLATERAL

LIGAMENT.

FIBULAR COLATERAL

LIGAMENT.

LIGAMENTS

LIGAMENTS

ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT.

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.

POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT.

MEDIAL MENISCUS.

OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT.

LATERAL MENISCUS.

TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT.

IT IS VERY THIN CAPSULE.

IT SURROUNDS THE SIDES

AND POSTERIOR ASPECT OF

JOINT.

IT IS ANTERIORLY

DEFICIENT.

LATERALLY IT ENCLOSES

THE POPLITEUS.

FIBROUS CAPSULE

FIBROUS CAPSULE

IT IS STRENGTHENED BY THE FOLLOWINGS.

ANTERIORLY: VASTUS MEDIALIS, VASTUS

LATERALIS.

LATERALLY: ILLIOTIBIAL TRACT.

MEDIALLY: TENDONS OF SARTORIUS,

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS.

POSTERIORLY: OBLIQUE POIPLITEAL LIGAMENT.

LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE

IT IS THE CENTRAL PORTION OF TENDON OF

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS.

IT IS RELATED TO SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP

INFRAPATELLAR BURSAE AND INFRAPATELLAR PAD

OF FAT.

ATTACHMENTS:-

ABOVE: APEX OF PATELLA.

BELOW: TIBIAL TUBEROSITY.

TIBIAL COLATERAL LIGAMENT

IT IS A LONG BAND OF GREAT STRENGTH.

IT COVERS THE INFERIOR MEDIAL GENICULAR

VESSELS AND NERVES AND TENDON OF

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS.

ATTACHMENTS:-

SUPERIORLY: MEDIAL EPICONDYLE OF FEMUR.

INFERIORLY: DIVIDES INTO ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR

PARTS.

POSTERIORLY: CAPSULE, MEDIAL MENISCUS.

IT IS STRONG AND CORD LIKE

LIGAMENT.

IT EXTENDS FROM LATERAL

EPICONDYLE OF FEMUR TO HEAD

OF FIBULA.

IT IS FREE FROM THE CAPSULE.

IT REPRESENTS FEMORAL

ATTACHMENTS OF PERONEUS

LONGUS.

FIBULAR COLATERAL LIGAMENT

OBLIQUE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT

THIS IS EXPANSION OF TENDON OF

SEMIMEMARNOSUS.

IT IS ATTACHED TO INTERCONDYLAR LINE AND

LATERAL CONDYLE OF FEMUR.

AND RELATED TO THE POPLITEAL ARTERY AND

THE POSTERIOR DIVISION OF OBTURATOR

NERVE.

IT’S THE EXPANSION

OF LATERAL

LIGAMENT.

IT EXTENDS FROM

THE HEAD OF FIBULA

TO THE

INTERCONDYLAR AREA

OF THE TIBIA.

ARCUATE POPLITEAL LIGAMENT

ITS THICK FIBROUS BAND TO

MAINTAIN STABILITY OF KNEE

JOINT.

IT EXTENDS FROM

INTERCONDYLAR AREA OF TIBIA

TO MEDIAL SURFACE OF

LATERAL CONDYLE OF FEMUR.

IT IS TAUT DURING KNEE

EXTENSION.

ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

ACL

THE STRONG AND THICK

FIBROUS JOINT.

IT EXTENDS FROM

INTERCONDYLAR AREA OF

TIBIA TO MEDIAL SURFACE OF

LATERAL CONDYLE OF FEMUR.

IT TAUTS DURING KNEE

FLEXION.

POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT

IT HAS TWO ENDS, TWO

BORDERS AND TWO SURFACES.

IT IS RELATIVELY IMMOBILE.

ITS PERIPHERAL MARGIN IS

ADHERENT TO IT IS C-SHAPED

FIBROCARTILAGENOUS DISC.

TIBIAL COLATERAL LIGAMENT.

MORE LIABLE TO INJURY.

MEDIAL MENISCUS

IT IS MORE ROUND IN SHAPE.

HAS TWO ENDS, TWO BORDERS

AND TWO SURFACES.

THE OUTER BORDER IS CONVEX

AND THICK.

THE INNER BORDER IS CONCAVE

AND THIN.

THE UPPER SURFACE IS CONCAVE

AND LOWER SURFACE IS FLAT.

LATERAL MENISCUS

IT CONNECTS THE

ANTERIOR ENDS OF

MEDIAL AND LATERAL

MENISCI.

TRANSVERSE LIGAMENT

IT LINES THE JOINT CAPSULE

EXCEPT POSTERIORLY WHERE

CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS FOUND.

IN FRONT, IT IS ABSENT FROM

PATELLA.

BELOW THE PATELLA, IT COVERS

THE INFRAPATELLAR PAD OF FAT.

THE FREE BORDERS OF

INFRAPATELLR FOLD ARE CALLED

AS ALAR FOLD.

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

BURSAE

THERE ARE 13 BURSAE IN THE KNEE

JOINT.

THE FOUR ARE ANTERIOR, FOUR ARE

LATERAL AND FOUR ARE MEDIAL.

ANTERIOR BURSAE

THESE ARE FOUR IN NUMBERS.

SUBCUTANEOUS PREPATELLAR BURSA.

SUBCUTANEOUS INFRAPATELLAR BURSA.

DEEP INFRA PATELLAR BURSA.

SUPRAPATELLAR BURSA.

LATERAL BURSAE

THERE ARE FOUR LATERAL BURSAE.

A BURSA DEEP TO LATERAL HEAD OF

GASTROCNEMIUS.

A BURSA B/W FIBULAR COLATERAL LIGAMENT

AND THE BICEPS FEMORIS.

A BURSA B/W FIBULAR COLATERAL LIGAMENT

AND TENDON OF POPLITEUS.

A BURSA B/W TENDON OF POPLITEUS AND

LATERAL CONDYLE OF THE TIBIA.

MEDIAL BURSAE

THE FOUR MEDIAL BURSAE ARE AS FOLLOWS.

A BURSA DEEP TO THE MEDIAL HEAD OF

GASTROCNEMIUS.

THE ANSERINE BURSA.

A BURSA DEEP TO THE TIBIAL COLLATERAL

LIGAMENT.

A BURSA DEEP TO SEMIMEMBRANOSUS.

RELATIONS OF KNEE

ANTERIORLY:-

ANTERIOR BURSA, LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE,

PATELLAR PLEXUS.

POSTERIORLY:-

POPLITEAL VESSEL, TIBIAL NERVE, PERONEAL

NERVE, GASTROCNEMIUS, PLANTARIS,

SEMITENDINOSUS, SEMIMEMBRANOSUS, GRACILIS,

POPLITEUS.

RELATIONS OF KNEE

MEDIALLY:-

SARTORIUS, GRACILIS, SEMITENDINOSUS,

SAPHENOUS VEIN, SAPHENOUS NERVE,

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS.

LATERALLY:-

BICEPS FEMORIS, TENDON OF POPLITEUS

BLOOD SUPPLY

KNEE JOINT IS SUPPLIED BY ANASTOMOSES

AROUND IT.

5 GENICULAR BRANCHES OF POPLITEAL ARTERY.

DESCENDING GENICULAR BRANCH OF FEMORAL

ARTERY.

DESCENDING BRANCH OF LATERAL CIRCUMFLEX

FEMORAL ARTERY.

2 BRANCHES OF ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY.

CIRCUMFLEX FIBULAR BRANCH OF TIBIAL ARTEY.

FOLLOWING NERVES

SUPPLY THE KNEE

JOINT.

FEMORAL NERVE

SCIATIC NERVE

OBTURATOR NERVE

NERVE SUPPLY

ACTIVE MOVEMENTS:-

FLEXION

EXTENSION

MOVEMENTS OF KNEE JOINT

ROTATORY MOVEMENTS:-

LOCKING OF KNEES

MECHANISM THAT

ALLOWS THE KNEE TO

REMAIN IN POSITION OF

FULL EXTENSION AS IN

STANDING WITHOUT

MUSCULAR EFFORT.

MOVEMENTS OF KNEE JOINT

ROTATORY

MOVEMENTS:-

UNLOCKING OF

KNEES

IT IS BROUGHT ABOUT

BY LATERAL ROTATION

OF THE FEMUR.

MOVEMENTS OF KNEE