introduction to global studies - matthieu crozet · 1. introduction: a changing world - week 1 2....

GLSD1001B

Chinese University of Hong Kong Matthieu Crozet

Introduction to Global Studies

Who? Matthieu Crozet

French and Economist

PhD University Paris 1 - Panthéon Sorbonne

Former professor of in Paris 1 & Paris School of economics, Paris-Saclay Adjunct professor at University of Lausanne

What?

Global Studies aim at presenting the main challenges facing the countries, cultures and economies around the world

Multidisciplinary approach: International politics, Sociology, Economics…

How? Class schedule

Monday 2:30PM-05:15PM - LT2 Sino Building

Office hours Tuesday Morning

Website http://matthieucrozet.weebly.com - Password = kerguelen

What about you?

What do I expect from you?

The class will be profitable for all of us if… all of us are involved

= Talk / Ask questions / Discuss / Argue / Criticize

Course content

Introduction to Global Studies

Course content

1 2

3

Lectures Readings

Homeworks

Course content

1

Lectures

Main textbooks

An introduction to Global Studies

Campbell, MacKinnon, Stevens

Main textbooks

Global Issues, 5th ed. politics, economics and culture

Richard J. Payne, Pearson

Table of contents

1. Introduction: A changing world - Week 1 2. Globalization, Nation-state system and democracy - Week 2 3. Global trade - Week 3 4. Multinational firms - Week 4 5. Global finance - Week 5

6. Population - Week 6 7. Migration - Week 7 8. Poverty and inequality between nations - Week 8 9. Poverty and inequality within nations - Week 9 10.Global environmental issues - 10 11.International Organizations - 11 12.War and peace - Week 12 13.Discussion on readings - Week 13

Course content

2

Readings

Required readings - One among the following books

DANI RODRIK The globalization paradox

JARED DIAMOND Collapse

THOMAS PIKETTY Capital in the XXI century

Course content

3

Homeworks

Homeworks

From time to time, I will ask you to prepare some material for the class

Debates

Imposed topic

By groups of 2 to 4:

Present pros and cons arguments

The class discuss, ask questions… and vote

Debates

1. End of history or endless clash of civilizations? 2. Trump's trade policies: Are they possible? Are they desirable? 3. The European commission ordered Ireland to collect $14.5 billion in unpaid

taxes from Apple. Irish government decided to fight this decision. Should Ireland pay?

4. Should we impose a global "Tobin tax"? 5. Is the end of Chinese one-child policy a good decision? 6. Was Merkel's policy towards Syrian refugees judicious? 7. Should developed nations reinforce foreign aid to developing countries? 8. Should we implement policies to reduce inequalities within nations? 9. Should China be more active on fight against climate change? 10. Is Putin a danger for world peace and democracy? 11. Should the U.S. renegotiate the Iranian nuclear treaty?

Grading Quizz (2 / random dates) 20 %

Quizz on reading 20 %

Debates 20 %

Final exam 40 %

Introduction to Global Studies Chinese University of Hong Kong

Chapter 1

My world versus Your world

I'm 43

My world versus Your world

I'm 43

Which means that I was 18 in 1991

I don’t feel that old

But the world I lived in during my youth is quite different than yours

some things are more or less the same

My world versus Your world

1991

2015

My world versus Your worldWolrd cup

1990

World Cup 2014

My world versus Your worldParis 1992

Shanghai 2016

My world versus Your world Bill and Hillary Clinton Presidential campaign 2016

Bill and Hillary Clinton Presidential campaign 1992

My world versus Your world U.S. Presidential candidate 2016 Jeb Bush

U.S. President 1991 Georges Bush

My world versus Your world Bashar al-Assad

Hafez al-Assad

My world versus Your world Bombing Bruxelles 2016

Al Quaeda bomb attack Yemen1992

My world versus Your world Paris 2015 (130 kills)

Paris 1995 Islamist attack (8 kills)

My world versus Your world Italy migrants crisis 2016

Italy 1991About 15,000 Albanian migrants

arrived in Bari

But others changed a lot

1. Political borders

Countries and borders

You may think that the existence and perimeter of countries is an immutable fact in international politics

It is not

Countries and borders

When I was 18, this flag existed

Countries and borders

The Hong Kong flags

Countries and borders

What was the capital of Germany in 1991?

Countries and borders

Was Bonn until Berlin became the Capital of reunified Germany in June 1991

Countries and borders

There are 197 countries in the world today 193 are U.N. Members

How many in 1991?

Countries and borders

Number of U.N. Members

51

101

150

200

1946 19501954 19581962 19661970 19741978 19821986 199019941998 20022006 20102014

1993: 184 members

1946: 55 members

1960: 99 members

1980: 154 members 1990: 159 members

Countries and borders

Between 1990 and 1993, 25 countries became U.N. members Mostly former Soviet Union and Yugoslavian republics

Berlin wall, 1989, Raymond Depardon

Countries and borders

Between 1990 and 1993, 25 countries became U.N. members Mostly former Soviet Union and Yugoslavian republics

The total length of international borders is 248 000 Km today

27,000 km of new borders have been created since 1990

24,000 km have been changed

Countries and borders

And borders matter

U.S. - Mexico border

2. Technologies

Technology - computers and telecommunications

78 % of population in OECD countries have access to the Internet

How many in 1991?

0.43%

Technology - computers and telecommunications

The Internet internet connexion has been established in 1969 in the U.S.

But the first version of the World Wide Web has been created in Europe on March 12, 1989

And the first website created on December 20, 1990

ROBERT CAILLIAU TIM BERNERS LEE

http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

Technology - computers and telecommunications

Internet users (%)

Source WDI

0.0

26.7

53.3

80.0

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

OECD

World

Technology - computers and telecommunications

Source IMF

Technology - computers and telecommunications

PowerBook 100 - Apple’s first laptop

16 MHz processor, 2MB RAM and a 20MB hard drive… $2,500 = 2015-$4,530

Technology - computers and telecommunications

In 1991, the frequency of the most performant microprocessor was… 30 times lower

But processor frequencies have stagnated, since 2000

Technology - transport

Number of air passengers (% of World population)

Source WDI

3

18

34

50

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Technology

Technology In 1991, where was the tallest building outside

the U.S.?

Hong Kong

Technology

Bank of China Tower was the 5th tallest building in the world

All the other towers in the top 10 where in the U.S.

Technology

Today, Bank of China tower ranks 36 Only one U.S. tower ranks in the top 10 (One world trade center)

3. Population

Population

World population is about 7.3 billion today

How many in 1991?

2 billion less: 5.3 billion It increased by more than 37% since 1991

Population

World population

Source WDI & UN

2.5

5.0

7.5

10.0

1960 1973 1991 2015 2030 2050

1960: 3 billion

1973: 3.9 billion

1991: 5.3 billion

2015: 7.3 billion 2030: 8.5 billion

2050: 9.7 billion

Population

Source WDI

Shar

e of

wor

ld p

opul

atio

n (%

)

0

6

12

18

24

Wor

ld P

opul

atio

ns0

2000

0000

0040

0000

0000

6000

0000

0080

0000

0000

1960

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

China European Union World Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels) North America

Population

your world is populous… but also older

% of population +65 years old - Source WDI

4. Wealth and poverty

Wealth and poverty

Poverty About 12% of world population have less than

1.9$* per day

How many in 1991?

About 37%

* level of extreme poverty defined by the World Bank

Wealth and poverty

More than half of the world population had less than 1.9$ per day until 1976

In 1991, 66.6% of Chinese people were below the threshold.

Now, less than 11%

Wealth and poverty

Wealth and poverty

5. Economic structure

Economic structure

The 2015 largest U.S. companies are…

$482 billions

WALMART EXXON MOBIL APPLE

$246 billions $234 billions

Economic structure

What about 1991?

GENERAL MOTORS

FORD EXXON

Economic structure

Share of industrial employment

Source WDI

15

20

25

30

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013

OECD

USA

Economic structure

OECD

6. Environment

Environment

Worldwide emissions of CO2 are about 35 billion tons

How much in 1991?

About 22 billion tons

It increased by more than 50% in 20 years

Environment

Wor

ld e

miss

ions

(kt)

010

0000

0020

0000

0030

0000

0040

0000

00

% o

f Wor

ld e

miss

ion

0

10

20

30

40

1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

China European Union United States World1991

22 Billon tons

11.5% for China

1970

14.8 Billon tons

5.2% for China

2011

34.6 Billon tons

26% for China

Source: WDI

Environment

World surface temperature relative to 1951-1980 average

-0.45

-0.225

0

0.225

0.45

0.675

0.9

1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

source: NASA

Concluding remarks

Concluding remarks

World is changing… quite fast

Just over about third of a (my) human life we had drastic changes in :

The political partition of the world Population Way of life Climate, etc

This course aims at determining how important are these changes and discuss the challenges the world faces today