introducation to computers
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Chapter 1
Digital Literacy
Discovering ComputersTechnology in a World of Computers,
Mobile Devices, and the Internet
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Objectives
Overview
Differentiateamonglaptops,tablets,andservers
Describethepurposeandusesofsmartphones,digital
cameras,portablemediaplayers,ebookreaders,and
gamedevices
Describetherelationshipbetweendataand
information
Brieflyexplainvariousinput
options
DifferentiatetheInternetfromtheweb,anddescribetherelationshipamongtheweb,webpages,websites,
andwebservers
Explainthepurposeofabrowser,asearchengine,
andan
online
social
network
DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 2SeePage2
forDetailedObjectives
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Objectives
Overview
Brieflydescribedigitalsecurityrisksassociatedwithvirusesandothermalware,privacy,
yourhealth,andtheenvironment
Differentiatebetweenanoperatingsystemand
applications
Differentiatebetweenwiredandwirelesstechnologies,andidentifyreasonsindividualsand
businessesusenetworks
Discusshowsocietyusestechnologyineducation,retail,finance,entertainment,health
care,travel,
government,
science,publishing,andmanufacturing
Identifytechnologyusedbyhomeusers,smalloffice/home
officeusers,mobileusers,power
users,
and
enterprise
users
DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 3SeePage2
forDetailedObjectives
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A
World
of
Technology
Becausetechnology
changes,
you
must
keep
upwiththechangestoremaindigitallyliterate
Digitalliteracyinvolves
havingacurrent
knowledgeandunderstandingofcomputers,mobile
devices,the
Internet,
and
relatedtechnologies
DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 4Pages23
Figure11
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Computers
Acomputerisanelectronicdevice,operating
underthe
control
of
instructions
stored
in
its
own
memory
DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 5Page4
Acceptsdata
(input)Processing
Producesinformation
(output)
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Computers
and
Mobile
Devices
Typesofcomputersinclude:
6Page104 DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
Desktopandmobilecomputers
Serversandterminals
Smartphones,digitalcameras,ebook
readersandportable
mediaplayers
Gamedevices Embedded
computers
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Desktops
and
Mobile
Computers
Apersonalcomputer(PC)isacomputerthatcan
performall
of
its
input,
processing,
output,
and
storageactivitiesbyitselfandisintendedtobe
usedbyonepersonatatime
Amobilecomputerisaportablepersonal
computer,designedsothatausercancarryit
fromplace
to
place
7Page104 DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Desktops
and
Mobile
Computers
8Page105
Figure31DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Desktops
and
Mobile
Computers
Adesktop,ordesktopcomputer,isapersonal
computerdesigned
to
be
in
astationary
location,
whereallofitscomponentsfitonorunderadesk
ortable
9Pages106 107
Figure33DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Desktops
and
Mobile
Computers
Alaptop,alsocalledanotebookcomputer,isa
thin,lightweight
mobile
computer
with
ascreen
initslidandakeyboardinitsbase
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Figure34DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Desktops
and
Mobile
Computers
Atabletisathin,lightweightmobilecomputer
thathas
atouch
screen
11Page109
Figure35DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Desktops
and
Mobile
Computers
Ahandheldcomputer(ultramobilePCorUMPC)
isacomputer
small
enough
to
fit
in
one
hand
12Page111
Figure37DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Servers
Aserverisacomputerdedicatedtoprovidingone
ormore
services
to
other
computers
or
devices
on
anetwork
Rackserver
Bladeserver
Towerserver
13Pages111 112
Figure38DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Servers
14Page111
Table31DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Servers
Amainframe isalarge,expensive,powerfulserver
thatcan
handle
hundreds
or
thousands
of
connecteduserssimultaneously
15Pages112 113
Figure39DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Supercomputers
Asupercomputer isthefastest,mostpowerful
computer and
the
most
expensive
16Page113
Figure310DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Terminals
Aterminal isacomputer,usuallywithlimited
processing
power,
that
enables
users
to
send
data
to
and/orreceive
information
from
aserver,
or
host
computer
Athinclientisaterminalthatlookslikeadesktopbut
haslimited
capabilities
and
components
Mostretailstoresuseapointofsale(POS)terminaltorecordpurchases,processcreditordebitcards,
and
update
inventory
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Figure311DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Terminals
AnATM (automatedtellermachine)isaself
servicebanking
terminal
that
connects
to
ahost
computerthroughanetwork
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Figure312DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Terminals
Aselfservicekiosk isafreestandingterminalthat
usuallyhas
atouch
screen
for
user
interaction
19Page115
Table32DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Cloud
Computing
Cloudcomputingreferstoanenvironmentof
serversthat
house
and
provide
access
to
resourcesusersaccessthroughtheInternet
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Figure314DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Mobile
Devices
AsmartphoneisanInternetcapablephonethat
usuallyalso
includes
acalendar,
an
appointment
book,anaddressbook,acalculator,anotepad,
games,browser,andnumerousotherapps
Manysmartphoneshavetouchscreens.Insteadoforinadditiontoatouchscreen,somehavea
built
in
mini
keyboard
on
the
front
of
the
phone
orakeyboardthatslidesinandoutfrombehind
thephone
21Page117 DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Mobile
Devices
22Page118
Figure315DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Mobile
Devices
Adigitalcameraisamobiledevicethatallows
usersto
take
photos
and
store
the
photographed
imagesdigitally
23Page120
Figure316DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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Mobile
Devices
24Page121
Figure317DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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MobileDevices
Aportablemediaplayer,sometimescalleda
personalmedia
player,
is
amobile
device
on
whichyoucanstore,organize,andplayorview
digitalmedia
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Figure319DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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MobileDevices
Anebookreader(short
forelectronic
book
reader),orereader,isa
mobiledevicethatis
used
primarily
for
readingebooksand
otherdigital
publications
DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 26Page
124
Figure320
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GameDevices
Agameconsoleisamobilecomputingdevice
designedfor
single
player
or
multiplayer
video
games
Ahandheldgamedeviceisasmallmobiledevice
thatcontains
ascreen,
speakers,
controls,
and
gameconsoleallinoneunit
Gamecontrollersincludegamepads,joysticksand
wheels,dance
pads,
and
avariety
of
motion
sensingcontrollers
27Page125 DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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GameDevices
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Figure321DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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EmbeddedComputers
Anembeddedcomputerisaspecialpurpose
computerthat
functions
as
acomponent
in
a
largerproduct
29Pages126127 DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
Consumerelectronics
Home
automation
devicesAutomobiles
Processcontrollersand
robotics
Computerdevicesand
officemachines
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EmbeddedComputers
30Page127
Figure322DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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DataandInformation
DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 31Page
11
Figure111
Fig.A computer processes data into information.
In this figure, the item ordered, item price,
quantity ordered, and amount received all
represent data (input). The computer processes
the data to produce the cash register receipt
(output or information).
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DataandInformation
Akeyboard
containskeys
you
presstoenterdataandinstructions
intoacomputer
or
mobiledevice
32Page12
Figure112DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1
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DataandInformation
Apointingdeviceisaninputdevice
thatallowsausertocontrolasmall
symbolonthescreencalledapointer
Somemobiledevicesandcomputers
enableyoutospeakdatainstructions
usingvoice
input
and
to
capture
live
fullmotionimagesusingvideoinput
33Pages12
13
Figure114Discovering
Computers
2014:
Chapter1
MouseOperations: point,click,
rightclick,doubleclick,drag
Operate
Touchpad:
slide
fingertips across the surface of
thepad
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DataandInformation
Ascannerisalightsensinginputdevicethat
convertsprinted
text
and
images
into
aform
the
computercanprocess
34Page13
Figure115Discovering
Computers
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DataandInformation
Anoutputdeviceisanyhardwarecomponent
thatconveys
information
from
acomputer
or
mobiledevicetooneormorepeople
Aprinterisanoutputdevicethatproducestext
andgraphics
on
aphysical
medium
such
as
paper
35Page14
Figure116Discovering
Computers
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Chapter1
Black&whiteandcolorprinters
Printersalsosupportwireless
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DataandInformation
Adisplayisanoutputdevicethatvisuallyconveys
text,graphics,
and
video
information
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DataandInformation
Speakersallowyoutohearaudiosuchasmusic,
voice,and
other
sounds
Earbuds
Headphones
37Page15
Figure118Discovering
Computers
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Chapter1
Noisecancellingtechnology
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DataandInformation
Memoryconsistsofelectroniccomponentsthatstore
instructionswaiting
to
be
executed
and
the
data
needed
by
thoseinstructions
Acomputerkeepsdata,instructions,andinformationona
storagemedia,
e.g.
hard
disk,
USB
flash
drive,
solid
state
drive,
CD,
Astorage
device
records
(writes)
and/or
retrieves
(reads)
items
toandfromstoragemedia
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Computers
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DataandInformation
HardDisk SolidState
Drive
USBFlashDrive
MemoryCard OpticalDisc CloudStorage
39Pages15
17
Figures119 124Discovering
Computers
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Backup
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TheInternet
TheInternetisaworldwidecollectionofnetworksthat
connectsmillions
of
businesses,
government
agencies,
educationalinstitutions,andindividuals
DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 40Pages18 19Figure125
ISPsprovideuserstoaccesstheInternet
Examples
of
ISPs
are
TOT,
True,
KSC,
CS,
Loxley,
etc.Otherservices:email,instantmessaging,
VoIP,FTP.
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TheInternet
TheWorldWideWeb(orweb,forshort)isagloballibraryof
informationavailable
to
anyone
connected
to
the
Internet
Thewebconsistsofaworldwidecollectionofelectronicdocuments,eachofwhichiscalledawebpage
Awebsiteisacollectionofrelatedwebpages
Awebserverisacomputerthatdeliversrequestedwebpagestoyourcomputer
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20 Discovering
Computers
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Comparewebpagesandwebsite
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TheInternet
42Page19
Figure126Discovering
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Surfingtheweb=refertotheactivityofusinglinkstoexploretheweb
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TheInternet
Abrowserissoftwarethatenablesuserswithan
Internetconnection
to
access
and
view
webpages
onacomputerormobiledevice
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TheInternet
Asearchengineissoftwarethatfindswebsites,
webpages,images,
videos,
news,
maps,
and
other
informationrelatedtoaspecifictopic
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Computers
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TheInternet
Anonlinesocialnetwork(alsocalledsocial
networkingsite)encouragesmemberstoshare
theirinterests,
ideas,
stories,
photos,
music,
and
videoswithotherregisteredusers
DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 45Pages21 22Figure127
Email,
IM,
VoIP,FTP.
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DigitalSafetyandSecurity
Itisimportantthatusersprotecttheircomputers
andmobile
devices
46Pages23
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Computers
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VirusesandOther
MalwarePrivacy
Health
ConcernsEnvironmental
IssuesTechnologyaddiction
Technologyoverload
ewaste or
computers adevices.
medicalreco
creditcard,In
banking,taxr
viruses, worms,
trojan horses,
spyware, adware,
and zombies.Protection is
required.
Malware=Malicioussoftware
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DigitalSafetyandSecurity
Greencomputinginvolvesreducingtheelectricity
consumed
and
environmental
waste
generated
when
usingacomputer
Strategiesinclude: Recycling
Usingenergyefficienthardwareandenergysavingfeatures
Regulatingmanufacturingprocesses
Extendingthelifeofcomputers
Immediately
donating
or
properly
disposing
of
replaced
computers
DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 47Page25
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ProgramsandApps
Software,alsocalledaprogram,tellsthe
computerwhat
tasks
to
perform
and
how
to
performthem
DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 48Pages2526Figure128
System
Software Operatingsystem
Utilityprogram
ApplicationSoftware
Desktopapp,webapp,
mobileapp
Examples of app:
> Productivity: Word processing,
Presentation, Schedule and contact
management
Graphics and media: Photo editing,
Video and audio editing, media player.
Personal interest: Travel, mapping,
navigation, reference, educational,
entertainment
Communications: Browser, email,
VoIP, FTP
Security: Antivirus, Personal firewall,
spyware, Adware, malware, removers
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ProgramsandApps
Installingistheprocessofsettingupsoftwaretoworkwiththecomputer,printer,andother
hardware Onceinstalled,youcanrunanapplicationsothat
youcaninteractwithit
Youinteract
with
aprogram
or
application
throughitsuserinterface
The
user
interface
controls
how
you
enter
data
andinstructionsandhowinformationisdisplayedonthescreen
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icons
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ProgramsandApps
Asoftwaredeveloper,sometimescalledan
application
developer
or
computer
programmer,
is
someonewhodevelopsprogramsandappsorwrites
theinstructionsthatdirectthecomputerormobile
devicetoprocessdataintoinformation
DiscoveringComputers
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28
Figure129
Examplesofprograminglanguagethat
programmersuseare??
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CommunicationsandNetworks
Inthecourseofaday,itislikelyyouuse,oruse
informationgeneratedby,oneormoreofthese
communicationstechnologies
51Page29 Discovering
Computers
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Chat
rooms Email Fax FTP GPS
Instantmessaging
Internet Newsgroups RSS Video
conference
Voicemail VoIPWirelessInternet
accesspoints
Wirelessmessaging
services
Reallysimplysyndication(RSS):specificationthatenableswebcontenttobedistributed
tosubscriber.
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CommunicationsandNetworks
Acommunicationsdeviceishardwarecapableof
transferringitems
from
computers
and
devices
to
transmissionmediaandviceversa
52Page29
Figure130Discovering
Computers
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Chapter1
Examplesof
communication
devices:modem,
wirelessaccess
points,routers.
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CommunicationsandNetworks
Examplesofwirelesscommunications
technologiesinclude:
53Page30 Discovering
Computers
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WiFi
Bluetooth
Cellularradio
Examples of wired
communications
Hot
spot
UsingpublicWiFihotspots
safely:
Avoidtypingpwds and
financialinformation
Signoutwebsiteswhen
finishedusinganaccount
Disconnectyourwireless
connection
Donot
leave
your
computerunattended
Beawareofoverthe
shouldersnoopers
i i d k
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CommunicationsandNetworks
Anetworkisacollectionofcomputersand
devicesconnected
together
via
communications
devicesandtransmissionmedia
54Pages30
31
Figure131Discovering
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C i i d N k
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CommunicationsandNetworks
HomeNetworks
Connectto
the
Internet
ShareasinglehighspeedInternetconnection
Accessphotos,music,videos,
and
other
content
Sharedevices
Playmultiplayergames
Connectgame
consoles
to
theInternet
SubscribetoanduseVoIP
BusinessNetworks
Facilitatecommunications
Sharehardware
Sharedata,information,
andsoftware
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U f T h l i S i t
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UsesofTechnologyinSociety
Education Government Finance Retail
Entertainment HealthCare Travel Science
Publishing Manufacturing
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38
CAD
(Computer
aided
design)/CAM
(Computeraided
manufacturing)
Apodcastisrecorded
mediathatuserscan
downloadorstreamtoa
computeror
portable
mediaplayer.Examplesof
podcastsarelectures,
radioshows,political
messages,and
commentaries.
Ablog
is
an
informal
website
consisting
of
time
stamped
articles
(posts)
in
a
diary
or
journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order. Posts can contain text,
photos,links,andmore.
T h l U
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TechnologyUsers
HomeUser Small/Home
OfficeUser
MobileUser
PowerUser EnterpriseUser
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39
Ch t S
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ChapterSummary
Basiccomputerconcepts
Variousmethods
forinput,output,memory,and
storage
TheInternet
Digitalsecurityandsafetyrisksand
precautions
Usesoftechnologyapplicationsin
society
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Chapter 1
Digital Literacy
Discovering ComputersTechnology in a World of Computers,
Mobile Devices, and the Internet
Chapter1Complete
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