introducation to computers

7/27/2019 Introducation to Computers

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Chapter 1

Digital Literacy

Discovering ComputersTechnology in a World of Computers,

Mobile Devices, and the Internet


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Objectives

Overview

Differentiateamonglaptops,tablets,andservers

Describethepurposeandusesofsmartphones,digital

cameras,portablemediaplayers,ebookreaders,and

gamedevices

Describetherelationshipbetweendataand

information

Brieflyexplainvariousinput

options

DifferentiatetheInternetfromtheweb,anddescribetherelationshipamongtheweb,webpages,websites,

andwebservers

Explainthepurposeofabrowser,asearchengine,

andan

online

social

network

DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 2SeePage2

forDetailedObjectives


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Objectives

Overview

Brieflydescribedigitalsecurityrisksassociatedwithvirusesandothermalware,privacy,

yourhealth,andtheenvironment

Differentiatebetweenanoperatingsystemand

applications

Differentiatebetweenwiredandwirelesstechnologies,andidentifyreasonsindividualsand

businessesusenetworks

Discusshowsocietyusestechnologyineducation,retail,finance,entertainment,health

care,travel,

government,

science,publishing,andmanufacturing

Identifytechnologyusedbyhomeusers,smalloffice/home

officeusers,mobileusers,power

users,

and

enterprise

users

DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 3SeePage2

forDetailedObjectives


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A

World

of

Technology

Becausetechnology

changes,

you

must

keep

upwiththechangestoremaindigitallyliterate

Digitalliteracyinvolves

havingacurrent

knowledgeandunderstandingofcomputers,mobile

devices,the

Internet,

and

relatedtechnologies

DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 4Pages23

Figure11


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Computers

Acomputerisanelectronicdevice,operating

underthe

control

of

instructions

stored

in

its

own

memory

DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 5Page4

Acceptsdata

(input)Processing

Producesinformation

(output)


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Computers

and

Mobile

Devices

Typesofcomputersinclude:

6Page104 DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1

Desktopandmobilecomputers

Serversandterminals

Smartphones,digitalcameras,ebook

readersandportable

mediaplayers

Gamedevices Embedded

computers


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Desktops

and

Mobile

Computers

Apersonalcomputer(PC)isacomputerthatcan

performall

of

its

input,

processing,

output,

and

storageactivitiesbyitselfandisintendedtobe

usedbyonepersonatatime

Amobilecomputerisaportablepersonal

computer,designedsothatausercancarryit

fromplace

to

place



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Desktops

and

Mobile

Computers

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Figure31DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1


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Desktops

and

Mobile

Computers

Adesktop,ordesktopcomputer,isapersonal

computerdesigned

to

be

in

astationary

location,

whereallofitscomponentsfitonorunderadesk

ortable

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Desktops

and

Mobile

Computers

Alaptop,alsocalledanotebookcomputer,isa

thin,lightweight

mobile

computer

with

ascreen

initslidandakeyboardinitsbase

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Desktops

and

Mobile

Computers

Atabletisathin,lightweightmobilecomputer

thathas

atouch

screen

11Page109



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Desktops

and

Mobile

Computers

Ahandheldcomputer(ultramobilePCorUMPC)

isacomputer

small

enough

to

fit

in

one

hand

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Servers

Aserverisacomputerdedicatedtoprovidingone

ormore

services

to

other

computers

or

devices

on

anetwork

Rackserver

Bladeserver

Towerserver

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Servers

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Table31DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1


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Servers

Amainframe isalarge,expensive,powerfulserver

thatcan

handle

hundreds

or

thousands

of

connecteduserssimultaneously

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Supercomputers

Asupercomputer isthefastest,mostpowerful

computer and

the

most

expensive

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Terminals

Aterminal isacomputer,usuallywithlimited

processing

power,

that

enables

users

to

send

data

to

and/orreceive

information

from

aserver,

or

host

computer

Athinclientisaterminalthatlookslikeadesktopbut

haslimited

capabilities

and

components

Mostretailstoresuseapointofsale(POS)terminaltorecordpurchases,processcreditordebitcards,

and

update

inventory

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Terminals

AnATM (automatedtellermachine)isaself

servicebanking

terminal

that

connects

to

ahost

computerthroughanetwork

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Terminals

Aselfservicekiosk isafreestandingterminalthat

usuallyhas

atouch

screen

for

user

interaction

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Table32DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1


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Cloud

Computing

Cloudcomputingreferstoanenvironmentof

serversthat

house

and

provide

access

to

resourcesusersaccessthroughtheInternet

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Mobile

Devices

AsmartphoneisanInternetcapablephonethat

usuallyalso

includes

acalendar,

an

appointment

book,anaddressbook,acalculator,anotepad,

games,browser,andnumerousotherapps

Manysmartphoneshavetouchscreens.Insteadoforinadditiontoatouchscreen,somehavea

built

in

mini

keyboard

on

the

front

of

the

phone

orakeyboardthatslidesinandoutfrombehind

thephone



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Mobile

Devices

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Mobile

Devices

Adigitalcameraisamobiledevicethatallows

usersto

take

photos

and

store

the

photographed

imagesdigitally

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Mobile

Devices

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MobileDevices

Aportablemediaplayer,sometimescalleda

personalmedia

player,

is

amobile

device

on

whichyoucanstore,organize,andplayorview

digitalmedia

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MobileDevices

Anebookreader(short

forelectronic

book

reader),orereader,isa

mobiledevicethatis

used

primarily

for

readingebooksand

otherdigital

publications

DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 26Page

124

Figure320


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GameDevices

Agameconsoleisamobilecomputingdevice

designedfor

single

player

or

multiplayer

video

games

Ahandheldgamedeviceisasmallmobiledevice

thatcontains

ascreen,

speakers,

controls,

and

gameconsoleallinoneunit

Gamecontrollersincludegamepads,joysticksand

wheels,dance

pads,

and

avariety

of

motion

sensingcontrollers



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GameDevices

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EmbeddedComputers

Anembeddedcomputerisaspecialpurpose

computerthat

functions

as

acomponent

in

a

largerproduct

29Pages126127 DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1

Consumerelectronics

Home

automation

devicesAutomobiles

Processcontrollersand

robotics

Computerdevicesand

officemachines


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EmbeddedComputers

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DataandInformation

DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 31Page

11

Figure111

Fig.A computer processes data into information.

In this figure, the item ordered, item price,

quantity ordered, and amount received all

represent data (input). The computer processes

the data to produce the cash register receipt

(output or information).


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DataandInformation

Akeyboard

containskeys

you

presstoenterdataandinstructions

intoacomputer

or

mobiledevice

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DataandInformation

Apointingdeviceisaninputdevice

thatallowsausertocontrolasmall

symbolonthescreencalledapointer

Somemobiledevicesandcomputers

enableyoutospeakdatainstructions

usingvoice

input

and

to

capture

live

fullmotionimagesusingvideoinput

33Pages12

13

Figure114Discovering

Computers

2014:

Chapter1

MouseOperations: point,click,

rightclick,doubleclick,drag

Operate

Touchpad:

slide

fingertips across the surface of

thepad


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DataandInformation

Ascannerisalightsensinginputdevicethat

convertsprinted

text

and

images

into

aform

the

computercanprocess

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Computers

2014:

Chapter1


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DataandInformation

Anoutputdeviceisanyhardwarecomponent

thatconveys

information

from

acomputer

or

mobiledevicetooneormorepeople

Aprinterisanoutputdevicethatproducestext

andgraphics

on

aphysical

medium

such

as

paper

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Computers

2014:

Chapter1

Black&whiteandcolorprinters

Printersalsosupportwireless


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DataandInformation

Adisplayisanoutputdevicethatvisuallyconveys

text,graphics,

and

video

information

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Computers

2014:

Chapter1


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DataandInformation

Speakersallowyoutohearaudiosuchasmusic,

voice,and

other

sounds

Earbuds

Headphones

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Computers

2014:

Chapter1

Noisecancellingtechnology


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DataandInformation

Memoryconsistsofelectroniccomponentsthatstore

instructionswaiting

to

be

executed

and

the

data

needed

by

thoseinstructions

Acomputerkeepsdata,instructions,andinformationona

storagemedia,

e.g.

hard

disk,

USB

flash

drive,

solid

state

drive,

CD,

Astorage

device

records

(writes)

and/or

retrieves

(reads)

items

toandfromstoragemedia

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Computers

2014:

Chapter1


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DataandInformation

HardDisk SolidState

Drive

USBFlashDrive

MemoryCard OpticalDisc CloudStorage

39Pages15

17

Figures119 124Discovering

Computers

2014:

Chapter1

Backup


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TheInternet

TheInternetisaworldwidecollectionofnetworksthat

connectsmillions

of

businesses,

government

agencies,

educationalinstitutions,andindividuals

DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 40Pages18 19Figure125

ISPsprovideuserstoaccesstheInternet

Examples

of

ISPs

are

TOT,

True,

KSC,

CS,

Loxley,

etc.Otherservices:email,instantmessaging,

VoIP,FTP.


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TheInternet

TheWorldWideWeb(orweb,forshort)isagloballibraryof

informationavailable

to

anyone

connected

to

the

Internet

Thewebconsistsofaworldwidecollectionofelectronicdocuments,eachofwhichiscalledawebpage

Awebsiteisacollectionofrelatedwebpages

Awebserverisacomputerthatdeliversrequestedwebpagestoyourcomputer

41Pages19

20 Discovering

Computers

2014:

Chapter1

Comparewebpagesandwebsite


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TheInternet

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Computers

2014:

Chapter1

Surfingtheweb=refertotheactivityofusinglinkstoexploretheweb


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TheInternet

Abrowserissoftwarethatenablesuserswithan

Internetconnection

to

access

and

view

webpages

onacomputerormobiledevice


Computers

2014:

Chapter1


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TheInternet

Asearchengineissoftwarethatfindswebsites,

webpages,images,

videos,

news,

maps,

and

other

informationrelatedtoaspecifictopic


Computers

2014:

Chapter1


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TheInternet

Anonlinesocialnetwork(alsocalledsocial

networkingsite)encouragesmemberstoshare

theirinterests,

ideas,

stories,

photos,

music,

and

videoswithotherregisteredusers

DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 45Pages21 22Figure127

Email,

IM,

VoIP,FTP.


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DigitalSafetyandSecurity

Itisimportantthatusersprotecttheircomputers

andmobile

devices

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24 Discovering

Computers

2014:

Chapter1

VirusesandOther

MalwarePrivacy

Health

ConcernsEnvironmental

IssuesTechnologyaddiction

Technologyoverload

ewaste or

computers adevices.

medicalreco

creditcard,In

banking,taxr

viruses, worms,

trojan horses,

spyware, adware,

and zombies.Protection is

required.

Malware=Malicioussoftware


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DigitalSafetyandSecurity

Greencomputinginvolvesreducingtheelectricity

consumed

and

environmental

waste

generated

when

usingacomputer

Strategiesinclude: Recycling

Usingenergyefficienthardwareandenergysavingfeatures

Regulatingmanufacturingprocesses

Extendingthelifeofcomputers

Immediately

donating

or

properly

disposing

of

replaced

computers

DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 47Page25


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ProgramsandApps

Software,alsocalledaprogram,tellsthe

computerwhat

tasks

to

perform

and

how

to

performthem

DiscoveringComputers2014:Chapter1 48Pages2526Figure128

System

Software Operatingsystem

Utilityprogram

ApplicationSoftware

Desktopapp,webapp,

mobileapp

Examples of app:

> Productivity: Word processing,

Presentation, Schedule and contact

management

Graphics and media: Photo editing,

Video and audio editing, media player.

Personal interest: Travel, mapping,

navigation, reference, educational,

entertainment

Communications: Browser, email,

VoIP, FTP

Security: Antivirus, Personal firewall,

spyware, Adware, malware, removers


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ProgramsandApps

Installingistheprocessofsettingupsoftwaretoworkwiththecomputer,printer,andother

hardware Onceinstalled,youcanrunanapplicationsothat

youcaninteractwithit

Youinteract

with

aprogram

or

application

throughitsuserinterface

The

user

interface

controls

how

you

enter

data

andinstructionsandhowinformationisdisplayedonthescreen

DiscoveringComputers

2014:

Chapter1 49Page

27

icons


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ProgramsandApps

Asoftwaredeveloper,sometimescalledan

application

developer

or

computer

programmer,

is

someonewhodevelopsprogramsandappsorwrites

theinstructionsthatdirectthecomputerormobile

devicetoprocessdataintoinformation


2014:

Chapter1 50Page

28

Figure129

Examplesofprograminglanguagethat

programmersuseare??


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CommunicationsandNetworks

Inthecourseofaday,itislikelyyouuse,oruse

informationgeneratedby,oneormoreofthese

communicationstechnologies


Computers

2014:

Chapter1

Chat

rooms Email Fax FTP GPS

Instantmessaging

Internet Newsgroups RSS Video

conference

Voicemail VoIPWirelessInternet

accesspoints

Wirelessmessaging

services

Reallysimplysyndication(RSS):specificationthatenableswebcontenttobedistributed

tosubscriber.


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Acommunicationsdeviceishardwarecapableof

transferringitems

from

computers

and

devices

to

transmissionmediaandviceversa

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Computers

2014:

Chapter1

Examplesof

communication

devices:modem,

wirelessaccess

points,routers.


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Examplesofwirelesscommunications

technologiesinclude:


Computers

2014:

Chapter1

WiFi

Bluetooth

Cellularradio

Examples of wired

communications

Hot

spot

UsingpublicWiFihotspots

safely:

Avoidtypingpwds and

financialinformation

Signoutwebsiteswhen

finishedusinganaccount

Disconnectyourwireless

connection

Donot

leave

your

computerunattended

Beawareofoverthe

shouldersnoopers

i i d k


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Anetworkisacollectionofcomputersand

devicesconnected

together

via

communications

devicesandtransmissionmedia

54Pages30

31


Computers

2014:

Chapter1

C i i d N k


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HomeNetworks

Connectto

the

Internet

ShareasinglehighspeedInternetconnection

Accessphotos,music,videos,

and

other

content

Sharedevices

Playmultiplayergames

Connectgame

consoles

to

theInternet

SubscribetoanduseVoIP

BusinessNetworks

Facilitatecommunications

Sharehardware

Sharedata,information,

andsoftware


2014:

Chapter1 55Page

31

U f T h l i S i t


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UsesofTechnologyinSociety

Education Government Finance Retail

Entertainment HealthCare Travel Science

Publishing Manufacturing


2014:

Chapter1 56Pages

33

38

CAD

(Computer

aided

design)/CAM

(Computeraided

manufacturing)

Apodcastisrecorded

mediathatuserscan

downloadorstreamtoa

computeror

portable

mediaplayer.Examplesof

podcastsarelectures,

radioshows,political

messages,and

commentaries.

Ablog

is

an

informal

website

consisting

of

time

stamped

articles

(posts)

in

a

diary

or

journal format, usually listed in reverse chronological order. Posts can contain text,

photos,links,andmore.

T h l U


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TechnologyUsers

HomeUser Small/Home

OfficeUser

MobileUser

PowerUser EnterpriseUser


2014:

Chapter1 57Pages

38

39

Ch t S


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ChapterSummary

Basiccomputerconcepts

Variousmethods

forinput,output,memory,and

storage

TheInternet

Digitalsecurityandsafetyrisksand

precautions

Usesoftechnologyapplicationsin

society


2014:

Chapter1 58Page

41


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Chapter 1

Digital Literacy

Discovering ComputersTechnology in a World of Computers,

Mobile Devices, and the Internet

Chapter1Complete

introducation to computers

Documents