“hundred years’ war and the plague” chapter 14-4

“Hundred

Years’ War

and the Plague”

CHAPTER 14-4

Pope and King Collide- In 1300, Pope Boniface VIII asserts authority over France’s Philip IV

Philip has pope imprisoned

Pope dies soon after

A CHURCH DIVIDED

In 1305, French pope is chosen; moves to Avignon-city in France

In 1378, two popes chosenOne in RomeOne in Avignon

Each declares the other false, causing split called Great Schism

AVIGNON AND THE GREAT SCHISM

1414 Council of Constance tried to pick just one pope

Now there were three popesAll popes resigned1417 one “new” final pope picked, ending schism

John Wycliffe 1320 – 1384

John Hus1369 – 1415Bay of

Biscay

These two priests planted the seeds for the “Protest” and call for “Reform” in the Church…

that 100 years later would erupt as the official “Protestant Reformation” led by priest Martin Luther…

All three would be excommunicated for their blunt attacks on the Church.

PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S.

Englishman John Wycliffe argues Jesus is head of the Church, not the pope

Wycliffe preaches against wealth and worldliness of clergy

Wycliffe inspires English translation of New Testament

SCHOLARS CHALLENGE CHURCH AUTHORITY

Jan Hus- a Bohemian professor-teaches that Bible is final authority, higher than the pope

ExcommunicatedTried as hereticBurned at stake in 1415

A deadly epidemic that killed about one-third of Europe

Origins and Impact of the Plague-Began in Asia and received its name the Black Death from the purplish black bumps on the skin

Took four years to cross Europe¾ of those who caught it died25 million in allHuge population losses

THE BUBONIC PLAGUE STRIKES

1348Spring

1348Summer

1349

1350

1351-2

SYMPTOMS OF THE PLAGUE

HOW WAS THE PLAGUE TRANSMITTED?

We now know that the most common form of the Black Death was the BUBONIC PLAGUE! This disease was spread by fleas which lived on the black rat. The fleas sucked the rat’s blood which contained the plague germs. When the rat died the fleas jumped on to humans and passed on the deadly disease.

The Symptoms

Bulbous

Septicemic Form:

almost 100% mortality rate.

Lancing a Buboe

Population declinedTrade declinedSerfs left to find a better livingJews were blamed for the plagueChurch lost prestige when their prayers failed to stop the plague

EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE-

Ring around the rosy,Pockets full of posy,

Ashes, ashesWe all fall down.

RING AROUND THE ROSIE

“Ring around the Rosie” Refers to a red mark, supposedly the first sign of

the plague

“A pocket full of posies” Refers to sachets of herbs carried to ward off

infection

“Ashes, ashes” Either a reference to the cremation of plague

victims or to the words said in the funeral Mass..."Ashes to ashes, dust to dust."

“We all fall down.” Death: the plague was not selective in its victims;

both rich and poor, young and old, succumbed.

BUBONIC PLAGUE ART

The beak is a primitive gas

mask, stuffed with substances thought to

ward off the plague.

Edward III launched a war for the French throne that was fought off and on from 1337 to 1453

During this time the French pushed the English out of France

The Hundred Years’ War brought a change in the style of warfare in Europe Longbow allowed for

thousands of arrows to be rained down upon the French by archers

THE HUNDREDS YEAR WAR

A STRUGGLE FOR NATIONAL IDENTITY

France was NOT a united country before the war began.

The French king only controlled about half of the country.

The use of the English defensive position was the use of the longbow.

Its arrows had more penetrating power than a bolt from a crossbow. Could pierce an inch of

wood or the armor of a knight at 200 yards!

A longbow could be fi red more rapidly. 6 arrows per minute.

The Longbow as a Weapon

The Longbow as a Weapon

JOAN OF ARC (1412-1432)

The daughter of prosperous peasants from an area of Burgundy that had suff ered under the English.

Like many medieval mystics, she reported regular visions of divine revelation. Her “voices” told her to go

to the king and assist him in driving out the English.

She dressed like a man and was Charles’ most charismatic and feared military leader!

1429- Joan a young peasant girl felt a call from God to rescue France from English conquerors

She led them to victory in the battle near Orleans Charles VII was crowned king She was captured by the English and handed over to the

church Charles did nothing to help her and she was burned as a witch

JOAN OF ARC

Feeling of nationalism emerges in England and France Power of the French monarchy increases War of the Roses in England where two families fought

for the throne

IMPACT OF THE HUNDREDS’ YEAR WAR-

THE IMPACT OF THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR

End of Hundred Years War=end of the “Middle Ages”

Religious devotion and chivalry crumbleGreat schismDisplay of wealth by the church

Discrediting church during plague

France Becomes Unified!France Becomes Unified!

France in 1337

France in 1453