the hundred years´ war and the plague history

8/3/2019 The Hundred Years War and the Plague history

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The Hundred YearsThe Hundred Years War and the War and the

PlaguePlague


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A Church DividedA Church Divided

At the beginning of theAt the beginning of the1300s, the Age of Faith1300s, the Age of Faith

still seemed strong. Soon,still seemed strong. Soon,however, both the popehowever, both the popeand the Church were inand the Church were in

desperate trouble.desperate trouble.


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Pope and KingPope and KingCollideCollide Pope Boniface VIII attempted to enforcePope Boniface VIII attempted to enforce

papalpapal

authority on kings as previous popesauthority on kings as previous popeshad. When King Philip IV of Francehad. When King Philip IV of Franceasserted his authority over Frenchasserted his authority over Frenchbishops, Boniface responded with anbishops, Boniface responded with anofficial document. It stated that kingsofficial document. It stated that kings


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Philip merely sneered at this statement.Philip merely sneered at this statement. In fact, one of Philips ministers is said toIn fact, one of Philips ministers is said to

have remarked that my mastershave remarked that my masterssword is made of steel, the popes issword is made of steel, the popes ismade of words. Instead of obeyingmade of words. Instead of obeyingthe pope, Philip had him held prisonerthe pope, Philip had him held prisonerin September 1303.in September 1303.


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Avignon And The GreatAvignon And The GreatSchismSchism

In 1305. Philip IVIn 1305. Philip IVpersuaded the collegepersuaded the collegeof cardinals to choose aof cardinals to choose afrench archbishop asfrench archbishop as

the new pope, fromthe new pope, fromRome, city of Avignon.Rome, city of Avignon. The move to avignonThe move to avignon

badly weakened thebadly weakened the

church, finally tried tochurch, finally tried tomove the papacy back move the papacy back to rome, however theto rome, however theresult was even worse.result was even worse.

In 1378, pope Gregory XlIn 1378, pope Gregory Xldied while visitingdied while visiting


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This began the splitin theThis began the splitin thechurch know as the greatchurch know as the greatschism, or division.schism, or division.

In 1414, the council of In 1414, the council of Constance attemped to theConstance attemped to theend the great schism byend the great schism bychoosing a single pope. Bychoosing a single pope. Bynow are three popes; thenow are three popes; the

avignon pope, the romanavignon pope, the romanpope, and other elected bypope, and other elected byan erlier council at pisa.an erlier council at pisa.

The council chose a new pope ,The council chose a new pope ,


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Scholars ChallengeScholars Challenge

Church AuthorityChurch Authority The papacy was furtherThe papacy was furtherchallenged by anchallenged by anEnglishman named JohnEnglishman named John

Wycliffe.Wycliffe. He preached that JesusHe preached that Jesus

Christ, not the pope, wasChrist, not the pope, wasthe true head of thethe true head of the

Church.Church. He was much offended byHe was much offended by

the worldliness and wealththe worldliness and wealthmany clergy displayed.many clergy displayed.

Wycliffe believed that theWycliffe believed that thecler should own no landcler should own no land


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Influenced by Wycliffes writings,Influenced by Wycliffes writings, Jan Hus, a professor in Bohemia Jan Hus, a professor in Bohemiataught that the authority of thetaught that the authority of theBible was higher than that of Bible was higher than that of the pope. Hus wasthe pope. Hus wasexcommunicated in 1412.excommunicated in 1412.

In 1414, he was seized by ChurchIn 1414, he was seized by Churchleaders, tried as a heretic, andleaders, tried as a heretic, and


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T h e B

u b o n i c P

l a g

S t r i k e s

K n o w a s B l a c k

P l a g u e

Began in Asia duringthe 1300 s


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The plague began when GenoesesThe plague began when Genoesesmerchant ships arrived in Sicilymerchant ships arrived in Sicilycarrying bubonic plaguescarrying bubonic plagues ..


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SYMPTOMS


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Effect of the PlagueEffect of the Plague

q Town population fell.q Trade declined. Prices rose.q The serfs left the manor in search

of better wages.q Nobles fiercely resisted peasant.q Jews were blamed for bringing onthe la ue.


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q The church suffered a loss when its

prayers failed to stop the wave of thebubonic plague and priest abandonedtheir duties.


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The Hundred Yearshe Hundred Years

Warar Not only did the people in Europe

during the 1300s have to deal with

epidemic disease, but they alsohad to deal with a war. Englandand France battle with each other

on French Soil for just over acentury. The century of war betwee England and France

marked the end of the medieval


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Whe the last Capetian king diedwithout a successor, Englands

Edward III, as grandson of PhilipIV, claimed the right to theFrench throne. The war that

Edward III launched for thatthrone continued on and off from1337 to 1453. It became known

as the Hundred Years War.Finally, between 1421 and 1453,the French rallied and drove the

English out of France entirely,


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The Longbow Changehe Longbow Change

Warfarearfare The English introduced the longbow and

demonstrated its power in threesignificant battles: Crcy(1346),Poitiers(1356), and Agincourt(1415). Thefirst and most spectacular battle was theBattle of Crcy. The English army,including longbowmen, wasoutnumbered by a French army threetimes its size. The French army includedknights and archers with crossbow. Butat the end the English army won thethree battles.


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J o a n o f A r co a n o f A r c

A peasant g i r l born in eas tern Francewho c la imed divine guidance , sheled the French army to severa limpor tant v ic tor ies dur ingthe Hundred Years ' War , whichpaved the way for the coronat ionof Char les VII .

She was captured bythe Burgundians , so ld to theEngl i sh , t r i ed by an ecc les ias t i ca lcour t , and burned a t the s take

when she was 19 years


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Joan of Arc was beat i f ied in 1909and canonized in 1920. She is

a long wi th S t . Denis , S t . Mar t in o fTours , S t . Louis IX ,and St . Theresa of Lis ieux one ofthe pat ron sa in ts of France .


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T h e i m p a c t o f t h eh e i m p a c t o f t h e

h u n d r e d y e a r s w a ru n d r e d y e a r s w a r Each s ide exper ienced major

changes wi th the end of bat t le :

A feel ing of nat ional ism emerged inEngland and France.

The power and pres t ige of theFrench monarch increased.

The Engl ish suffered a per iod ofinternal turmoi l known as the Warof the Roses , in which two noble


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the hundred years´ war and the plague history

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