The Bubonic Plague

&

The Hundred Years’ War

The Hundred Years’ War

● England & France● on & off from 1337-1453● Last Capetian king of

France dies w/out heir.● Edward III of England

claims throne of France as he was grandson of Philip IV.

● French win & drive English out of France

Important Battles in the Hundred Years’ War

● The Battle of Crecy● August 26, 1346● Knights fought alongside

common archers & foot-soldiers

● Cannons – technology borrowed from China – destroy castle walls

● English outnumbered 3 to 1

● English longbow men win battle w/ability to attack French at long distances

Important Battles in the Hundred Years’ War

● Battle of Poitiers (Sept. 9, 1356)

● French knights (advantage) charge English troops

● English longbow men again save day

● French king John & son Philip captured & held for ransom.

Important Battles in the Hundred Years’ War

● Battle of Agincourt● 1415● English

outnumbered● English led by King

Henry V● Longbow men

again save day - ending age of Chivalrous knights

● Treaty gives Henry French throne

Shakespeare’s Henry V

France’s Savior

● Joan of Arc● 1429, French peasant girl● Moved by God to save

France from England ● Her victories restores

throne to rightful heir - Charles VII - rather than Henry V of England

● Joan asks Charles to let her lead army into battle at English fort near Orleans.

Joan of Arc

● Battle of Orleans (1430)

● Siege lasts 6 mos.● Joan victorious● Joan goes w/ Charles VII to

his crowning

Late 1430…● Joan captured by English

allies● Turned over to Church

authorities – condemned as witch & heretic.

● Burned at stake - May 30, 1431

Impact of the Hundred Years’ War1.Power & prestige for French Monarch

2.Nationalism

3.English suffered internal turmoil - War of the Roses

4.English Parliament gained “Power of the Purse”

5.End of 100 Years’ War = End of Middle Ages

(1:50)

Essential Knowledge

205. What 2 countries fought in the Hundred Years’ War?

206. What did both countries experience as a result of the War?

207. Who replaced the knights as the significant warriors in the Hundred Years’ War?

208. What woman is credited with turning the war in France’s favor?

War of the Roses

● Civil war in England● 1455-1487● 2 noble families

fight for control of throne: House of Lancaster & House of York

● War named for both families’ badges = contained roses.

House of Lancaster

House of York

War of the Roses

● Origins● Both descendants of

King Edward III● Current Lancastrian king

- Henry VI – ● surrounded by unpopular

nobles● Displayed moments of

mental illness

● Civil unrest rampant among population

● Powerful lords had own armies

War of the Roses

● Back & forth battles end w/ destruction of York factions.

● Both houses lose control of throne

● Henry VII (Tudor) crowned king after defeating last York army

The Bubonic Plague

● aka – The Black Death● Occurred in 1300’s● Kills over 1/3 of Europe’s population

Origins & Symptoms● Likely began in Asia● Spread - trade routes● 1st in Italy - cargo ship

arrives carrying diseased passengers

● Purplish/black spots found on skin

● People looked for others to blame

● persecuted Jews for bringing disease

● Only ¼ of those who caught disease would recover

Effects of the Plague

DECLINED:

1.Population

2.Trade

3.Manorial System

4.Church Prestige

5.Personal Responsibility.

Effects of the Plague

6. Demand for Workers- Serfs demand higher wages●Rebellions from serfs●France– 1358●Jacquerie Rebellion●During 100 Years War●England – 1381●Peasants Revolt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquerie

Essential Knowledge

209. What English Civil war was fought between the Houses of Lancaster & York?

210. What other name was given to the Bubonic Plague?

211. What fraction of Europe’s population was killed because of the Plague?

212. What 5 elements declined because of the plague?

Black Death (15:16)