epidemiology of diabetes mellitus
Post on 08-Jul-2015
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Explain the definition of Diabetes mellitus.
• Differentiate the types of Diabetes.
• Describe the magnitude of the problem across the world & in India.
• List out the epidemiological determinants of Diabetes Mellitus.
DEFINITION
• A metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology
characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with
disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein
metabolism resulting from defects in insulin
secretion, insulin action or both
WHO Clinical classification of
Diabetes mellitus
1.Diabetes mellitus(DM)
• Type 1 or Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
• Type 2 or Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
• Malnutrition related diabetes mellitus(MRDM)
• Other types(secondary to pancreatic, hormonal,
drug-induced, genetic and other abnormalities)
2.Impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)
3.Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)
4
Types of diabetes
Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes
• Lack of insulin
• Autoimmune
• Usually children
• Insulin resistance
• Lifestyle factors
• Usually adults
• Insulin resistance
• During pregnancy
• Risks to mother and child
Indian scenario
• 65.1 million individuals with diabetes
• Diabetes Prevalence-8.56%
• Diabetes capital of the world
• More worryingly, this number is set to
increase to 87 million by 2030, more than 15
million more than China, which lies in second
place.
AGENT FACTORS
Insulin deficiency caused by:
• Pancreatic disorders
• Defective insulin production
• Destruction of beta cells
• Decreased insulin sensitivity
• Genetic defects
• Autoimmunity
HOST FACTORS
• Age
• Sex
• Genetic factors
• Genetic markers
• Immune mechanisms
• Obesity
• Maternal diabetes
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Diet
• Dietary fibre
• Malnutrition
• Alcohol
• Viral infections
• Chemical agents
• Stress
• Socioeconomic status
• Urbanization
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