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Early JapanMongols

Geography

• Explain the role of geography in Japanese history. – Struggle to keep unified– Fertile volcanic soil– Mountainous

– Terraced farming

– Earthquakes– Isolated, so unique

• language

Intro to Japan

2min12

Record any TWO facts...

Japan

Japan

5min9

FOUR facts...

Japan

Cultural Diffusion

• Explain the cultural diffusion that occurred as a result of Japan’s ties with China and Korea.

Cultural Diffusion

• Prince Shotoku, 7th cen., sends rep’s to Tang China – How to organize gov’t

• Central• Emperor divine• Limited aristocr. Power• Divide into districts• Tax system• Farmland now officially

state ppty.

– Constitution– Confucianism

Cultural Diffusion

• Korea– Pottery

• China– Writing– Buddhism

• Zen

Nature is a powerful force!

The Shogunate

• Compare Japanese society as it was established after the Tokugawa Shogunate with European feudalism.

Feudalism ContrastedJapan – Tokugawa

Shogunate

Decentralized land ownership Lower nobility (samurai) not

given land grants – instead, granted income from overlord based on his land’s production

Supporting philosophy Confucianism and Zen Buddhism

Developed by 12th century

Europe

Land ownership in strict social hierarchy up to a monarch

Land given to lower nobility (knights/vassals) in exchange for loyalty & military service

Supported by Roman law, Catholicism, Germanic tradition

Developed by 9th century

Similarities in feudal systems

• Land owners = warlords; aristocrats• Hereditary caste system• Powerful lords ruled over large sections of

land, protecting its peasants. • Kings have nobles, nobles have knights. • Daimyo's have Samurai, Samurai protect

peasants. • Knights practice chivalry while Samurai

practiced Bushido.

Buddhism Arrives in Japan

• Explain how Buddhism was adapted to Japanese culture.

Buddhism in Japan

• Several schools develop over time– Zen– “Pure Land”, etc

• Came to Japan “top down”, from scholar and aristocratic elites – mostly stayed there…

• often associated with magic powers– preventing or curing

disease, bringing rain and abundant crops etc.

Buddhism in Japandid not replace the indigenous kami of Shinto

● numerous varieties of Shinto-Buddhist amalgamation, in which often the kami were considered manifestations of the Buddhas

search for fulfillment and ultimate truth in secular (non-monastic) life

● Buddhist themes in Japanese arts and skills tea ceremony, the arts of gardening, calligraphy

RISE

• Describe any THREE common features of the historical circumstances associated with RISE the of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the Mongolian Empire.

Medieval Japan Basics

• Emperor• Shogun (had real

power)• Daimyo• Samurai• “Shogunate”

RISE of Tokugawa Shogunate

● Tokugawa Ieyasu● 1598● Daimyo of Edo

(Tokyo)● Took title of

Shogun● Completed

centralization of power begun by predecessors

● 1603-1868!

Tokugawa

• Battle of Sekigahara– Aka “Battle for

the Sundered Realm”

• 1600• Tokugawa in

charge now

Tokugawa

• New strict class hierarchy – The daimyo, or

lords– warrior-caste of

samurai– farmers, artisans, – traders ranking

below.

Fall of Tokugawa

• Taxes on the peasantry were set at fixed amounts – no accounting for inflation & changes in monetary value. – tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners

were worth less and less over time. – many conflicts between noble but poor samurai

and wealthy peasants, sometimes even rebellions. – Arrival of foreign powers in mid 19th century really

throws things off

Shintoism

• Relate the origins, basic beliefs, key individuals, sources of religious truth, and the meaning of life as seen by Shintoism.

• a sacredness of the entire universe• diverse natural elements of heaven

and earth have spirits, or kami,• ancestor worship.

Shinto• "Way of the Gods”• Dates from ~ 500 BCE.• Evolved from a mixture of

tribal religions with similar beliefs.

• Emperor of Japan considered descendant of the Sun Goddess therefore, divine

• After Japan surrendered to the United States in WWII, Emperor Hirohito renounce his divinity and political authority.

Mongols

RISE of Mongols

• Temujin • united many of the

nomadic tribes of northeast Asia.

• founded the Mongol Empire and – "Genghis Khan“

• Mongol invasions devastate most of Eurasia.

Mongols

campaigns were often accompanied by wholesale massacres of the civilian populations

By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China.

Mongols

● Tribute system

● Ruled people from China, Russia, eastern Europe, and India

● Diverse!

● Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan extended influence to other parts of Asia

The Mongols:

Developed a tribute system

Reestablished trade along the Silk Roads

Created an empire from Eastern Europe to the Pacific coast of Asia

Because of the Mongol invasions of Russia, the Russian people were cut off from most of Western Europe.

Mongol Empire

Diversity was an important characteristic of the Mongol Empire (1200–1350).

The Mongol Empire ruled peoples from China, Russia, eastern Europe, and India.

Mongol History

In less than 50 years, it was the largest unified land empire in history.

In 1279, it was the first foreign group to gain complete control of China.

It made the caravan routes across Asia safe for trade and travel.

When attempting to conquer Japan in 1274 and 1281, its fleets were destroyed by storms.

Pax Mongolica

CAUSES

➔ Mongol conquest➔ Maintenance of

stable territory

EFFECTS➢ Silk road “all Mongol

24/7”➢ Wealth➢ Development of

cities➢ Cultural diffusion

Yuan Dynasty: Mongols take China

1min38

TWO facts

Yuan

The Yuan Dynasty

• The Mongols established the Yuan dynasty & became the first conquerors to rule most of the country.

The Yuan Dynasty

• Kublai Khan, who ruled from 1260 to 1294, extended Mongol rule beyond China.

Yuan Dynasty

• The Venetian Marco Polo traveled on the Khan's missions, & his tales of the splendor of Chinese civilization astounded Europeans.

• Hired by Kublai Khan

Yuan Dynasty

• The stable order enforced by the Mongols fostered trade & connections w/ Europe.

• E. In 1368 a young Buddhist monk named Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan.