early, high, late middle ages

Chapter 15, 16, and 17

Early, High, Late Middle Ages

Early Middle Ages

Scholars often refer to the period from 500-1000 as the Dark Ages.

This is because Roman Empire was seen as efficient, glamorous, successful and praised as achieving the highest cultural achievements.

Forces of darkness, otherwise known as barbarians, were viewed as overwhelming the forces of light (the Romans).

The Dark Ages

List of historical dramas:• King Arthur (2004) – 5th Century – Roman withdrawal from

Britain and the Battle of Mount Badon• Tristan and Isolde (2006) – 6th Century – Britian and Ireland –

adaptation of the Welsh legend Tristan and Iseult• Kingdom of Heaven (2005) – 1183-1190 – events which lead

to the third crusade (battle of Hattin and Siege of Jerusalem)• Robin Hood (2010) – 1199 – death of Richard lionheart until

the early reign of King John• Braveheart (1995) – 1296-1305 – William Wallace, scotsman

who fought a for Scotland’s independence• A Knight’s Tale (2001)

Movies you may remember

King Arthurhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpkiPkZdunMKingdom of Heavenhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kfq9U2tWWGoRobin Hoodhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMcDeNo6KUsDa Vinci Codehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_84ZpENpeWs

Think about what you’d want to watch to end the unit…

Historical Movies

Took centuries to happen but eventually Western Europe would be in a gradual shift where Rome more focused on the capital of Constantinople.Constantinople the Great (died 337 CE) created a massive religious conundrum in Constantinople. He laid the groundwork for a religious conflict that would eventually split the Christian Church into two distinct branches.“At the heart of this conflict was the fact that Constantine – and the emporerers who succeeded him – claimed to be the spiritual leader of the empire, as well as its political and military leader. Believing that they have been appointed by God as Christ’s representative on earth, the Byzantine emperors ruled the Church with an iron hand. They appointed Church officials and issued decrees governing both Church adminstration and religious matters.” - Echoes of the Past, p. 496Bishops were leading officials of the early Church and the one in Rome became the pope while the bishop of Constantinople became the patriarch.

Decline of Roman Empire

Pope and Patriarch derive from the Greek words for father.As time went on and power grew, battle for supremacy increased.

Eventually by the time the 11th Century came about there was a split that divided the Christian Church into two independent branches: The Easter (Greek) Orthodox Church based in Constantinople and the Roman Catholic Church based in Rome.

Magic, astrology, and soothsaying was declared illegal.

Following emporers issued laws barring other religions.

Byzantine and the Church

Class Discussion:

What do you think our purpose is on earth?

Do you think your mindset would be any different if you lived 1000 years ago?

Church continued

• Wanted to reunite the Roman world as a Christian Empire.• Suppressed paganism. What is paganism?• Defeated the ostrogoths and vandals.• He persecuted anybody who did not follow the Christian

way.

• Justinian’s code – what is the basic premise of this? (p. 498)

Justinian the Great

Yesterday we continually read this term in our reading.

(p. 500 -502) On a separate piece of paper, differentiate the 3 different types of Barbarians (Celts, Germanic, and Slavic. Write down 2-3 items that will make you remember the difference between them.

Barbarians

Read 508 – 514 ‘silently’ and answer questions 1-3.

Tomorrow, be prepared to have the library

Reading

Housekeeping items

• Mini-quiz on today’s and Tuesday’s Power Point tomorrow.

• Start Chapter 16 and 17 this week and next.• Next week – final project/exam.• Last day of classes – January 18th, 2013.• Be sure to come talk to me regarding any NHI’s or

missed work.

January 10, 2013

King Arthur• Open your textbooks to 518 the

archaeological search for Arthur.

• Read the feature study (you have 10 minutes)

Answer question 1 on page 519 in your notes. *I would know how to answer this for your quiz*

King Arthur

Get into Groups of 6.

- 15 minutes to share within your group the evidence you found from your research yesterday.- We will take it up as a class once everybody has gone through their findings.

The High Middle Ages – Chapter 16

1) Try and complete the matches without any help.2) After a few tries, use your textbook and internet (phone,

ipad) as a resource3) You may work in partners or groups of a few4) I will hand out the answers as a last resort.

Middle Ages Crossword

To prepare for your quiz tomorrow

1) Justinian Code2) Two separate forms of Christianity (where, pope/patriarch

which city?)3) King Arthur4) How to define the Dark Ages5) 3 different barbaric groups6) Constantine the Great and his influence in Constantinople

Review for tomorrow

Housekeeping items:

• Final project due January 25, 2013• No class from 28-1• Semester 2 starts 4 of Febuary.• Spring break is 18-29.• We are finishing High Middle Ages/Late Middles Ages and

Renaissance next week.• Civilization food day on January 25th, 2013 (I will hand out

various assignments).

High Middle Ages

• Dark Ages, or the Early Middle Ages, was seen from 500-1000.

• The High Middle Ages was a period that was from 1000-1300 C.E.

• There was continuous battle for land and power.• Society was becoming more Christianized.• Pope now has absolute authority.• This was the beginning of the Church becoming militarized

as the pope and Church leaders went to war against heretical movements (against Christianity) both in Europe and abroad.

The High Middle Ages

High Middle Ages

Church leaders stepped in by the year 989.They called upon the Peace of God which is to prohibit violence against armed men. Stealing church property and assaulting or robbing clerics, pilgrims, merchants, women, and peasants were, however, to be punished by excommunication from the Church.There was an expansion of this peace movement in 1027 with the Truce of God. It outlawed all fighting from Thursday to Monday morning, on important feast days, and during other religious periods such as Advent and Lent. A later council, held in 1054, proclaimed that “no Christian should kill another Christian since whoever kills a Christian doubtless sheds the blood of Christ” (Echoes from the past, p. 529).It also encouraged the idea that the only combat pleasing to God was carried out in defense of Christendom.

How is this a paradox?

The start of Holy War

To protect territory, many leaders constructed a motte-and-bailey castle.

Medieval Society

King Alfred the Great of England made a social structure called ‘estates’Came from the French word ‘estat’ meaning status.

It is a way of defining class in society. These estates were thought to have been ordained by God. The terms were clergy, nobles, and peasants.

People were often identified by a single name followed by a nickname that distinguished them from others. (ie. John the Miller, John of the Wood). Eventually lead to John Miller, John Wood.

Medieval Society

Feudalism – or EstatesCan you relate this to present day in any way?

Western Europe fought battle after battle to try and expand their territory.

• East against the Slavs• South against Italy, Spain and Muslims in the Holy Lands• North/West into England, Wales and Ireland.

• Lords built castles to show power and provide a place in case of retreat.• Wars often included Church officials who wanted to fight against secular,

non-religious, leaders who also wanted to expand.

• Think back to Pope and patriarch. Both excommunicated eachother.

• Currently an East-West Schism - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism

Wars and Conflicts

King John outlasted his four brothers and was crowned King in 1199. His first name was John Lack land because he literally lacked land. He took over the throne from his father.

King John became very selfish and was seen by historians as crude and dangerous. He was forced by powerful nobles to sign the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta is a document that formed the foundations of English constitutional law and liberties. This principle eventually led to the system of trial by jury.

This King John is also a part of the Robin Hood legend.

John Lackland

Read 536-537 up until Other Holy Wars.

There were three crusades as depicted in your book. What were the differences between this crusades?Arab warrior Saladin is the character portrayed in Kingdom of Heaven.

Answer questions 1 and 2 on page 538 in your text.

The Crusades

Life in the high Middle Ages

Knights are highly romanticized.

They were according to your text “…little more than mercenary thugs.” (Echoes of the Past, p. 547).

Page 548. Read the Apprenticeship of a Knight

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4_9kDO3q0w

The Knight

• Armour was extremely heavy. Once a knight fell off horseback, success in a fight became difficult.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDkoj932YFo• Knight vs Samurai

• Castles• Page. 551• What were their customs. Name 3-5.

Life continued

The Late Middle Ages

• Dark Ages 500-1000• High Middle Ages 1000-1300• Late Middle Ages 1300-1500 approx.• Overlaps the Renaissance

• Massive population was decimated by the plague• Enormous famine and social upheaval

• However, this led to a change in European and surrounding countries dynamic. New cultures, economies, religion, and forms of government

The Late Middle Ages

End of the Crusades and the beginning of the Late Middle Ages

The Late Middle Ages

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=rlAeIiGU7DI

• 1315-1317

• Bacteria was believed to be in rats (due to the massive turn of climate and huge flooding with destroyed crops). Fleas would feed on rats and jump host to host.

• Eventually lymph nodes would become swollen and black – hence black death. Infected people would die within 3-7 days.

• Estimated to have killed up to ½ of Europe’s population.

• Textbook p. 566 “Ring around the Rosies…” inspired by Black Death

The Black Death – Bubonic Plague

Bubonic Plague

Social1. Extermination of Jews2. Less church leaders, yet more church’s being built

Economic3. Food prices rose rapidly4. Those who survived were better off as there was more inhertiance5. 14 yr old King Richard II imposed a poll tax on every person (started the

Peasants revolt)

6. In most places, the manor system fell apart completely. There weren’t enough people left to work in the fields. Those peasants and serfs who had survived the plague found their skills in high demand. Suddenly, they could demand wages for their labor. Once they had money, many fled their manors completely, moving instead to Europe’s growing cities.

Effects of the Plague

Peasants Revolt

One of the countries in which political change occurred was France. In 1328 the king of France died with no sons, and two men claimed his throne. One was French. The other was the king of England. In the end, the French man became king.

This did not sit well with the English king, and a few years later he invaded France. This invasion began a long conflict between England and France that came to be called the Hundred Years’ War.

At first the English armies did well, winning most of the battles. After nearly 100 years of fighting, however, a teenage peasant girl, Joan of Arc, rallied the French troops. Although the English eventually captured and killed Joan, it was too late. The Impact Today The French drove the English from their country in 1453.

The Hundred Years War

Joan of Arc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=UIAARg_N5xc

The Hundred Years War

• Johannes Gutenberg developed the ability to print books. Before his invention there was 30 000 books in Europe. Less than 50 years later (1453) there were over 12 million.

• Christine de Pisan was the first writer to make a living. Born in 1364 she wrote The Book of the City of Ladies.

• Dracula, according to your text, came from a novel by Bram Stoker who wrote about Vlad III Dracula who was prince of Walachia in present day Romania. He would constantly impale his enemies. While human, he brutally murdered thousands of his enemies.

Interesting Facts

What to study for:

For the first 5 minutes try to answer the following without any aids:

• Timeframe of the High Middle Ages• Difference between Truce of God and Peace of God• How to draw a motte-and-bailey castle. Why was it strategic?• John Lackland, who did he eventually become and what did

he have to sign?• Define the East-West schism.• Difference between the 3 major crusades.• Explain how one becomes a knight.

Review for your Quiz