chapter 12 notes section 1 notes – cold war begins section 1 notes – cold war begins section 2...

Chapter 12 Notes

Section 1 Notes – Cold War BeginsSection 2 Notes – The Korean WarSection 3 Notes – Cold War ExpansionSection 4 Notes – Cold War at Home

Jumpstart Assignment

None, you will turn in your jumpstarts today.

THE COLD WARBEGINS

VS.

WHY WAS THE SOVIET UNION AND THE US ENEMIES?

Potsdam Conference

Communism• Government controlled• Control religion• Control movement• Control job• Control business – government determines

what is made, when it is made, who makes it• No individual rights• Government controls every aspect of the

economy• Protects worker

Capitalist• Free enterprise – people choose occupation

– Freedom to begin own business• Freedom to fail• CHOICE• Little to no government intervention

Communism = badCapitalism = good

Roots of the Cold War• How did WW2 end? What was the state of the

world following the war?– The Yalta Conference– Potsdam

• The Soviet Union occupies most of Eastern Europe , Germany and Berlin are split in two.

–These countries become satellite states (controlled by the Soviet Union)

–Soviet world conquest?

Meeting the Soviet Challenge• Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech challenges

Great Britain and America to meet the Soviet aggression.

• Truman meets the challenge with Truman Doctrine – financial aid to nations struggling to fend off communist movements

Containment Policy• Author “X” (George F. Keenan) encourages

containment – keeping communism contained within its existing borders.

• 1948 - Secretary of State George Marshall outlines Marshall Plan – over 4 years, the U.S. gives over $13 billion in aid to Western Europe.

Marshall Plan

The Cold War Heats Up• Berlin becomes the front line of the Cold War.• Stalin blockades West Berlin • Britain and U.S. supply West Berlin in the Berlin

Airlift.• Rival Alliances:

– NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization – sets up a policy of collective security - an attack on one, is an attack on all.

– Warsaw Pact

Jumpstart Assignment• Predict: Why is the Cold War considered

“cold?” Why did the Cold War never become “hot?”

Communists in China• China is in the middle of a civil war following

the end of WW2.• Jiang Jieshi or (Chaing Kai-skek) – Nationalist

leader of China• Mao Zedong – led communist revolution in

China

Who wins in China?• Soviets commit billions of dollars to the peoples

revolution.• Americans commit billions to Jiang Jieshi.• Nationalist take America aid and pocket it, while

Mao promises to feed the people. • Jieshi flees to Taiwan

The Korean War (1950 - ?)

• Soviets – North Korea – Communist

• US – South Korea– Democratic

• 38th parallel– UN involvement– Soviet boycott of

Security Council

American’s in Korea• June 1949 – American’s exit Korea• June 25, 1950 – North Korea crosses the

38th parallel• UN agrees to repel the invasion, Truman

sends in American forces.• General Douglas MacArthur – takes

command of American forces.

June 25, 1950

July 1950

September 15, 1950

November 24, 1950

• Overconfidence led to proclamation

• Chinese would and could not get involved

• Goal: Drive to Yalu River.

Home by Christmas

• Wants Chinese opposition to attack mainland

• Truman fears Asian war• MacArthur circumvents president• MacArthur returns home a hero.

Truman fires MacArthur

Jan 10th, 1951

July 27th, 1953

Eisenhower

• Vows to end the war, and threatens the use of nuclear weapons.

Lessons from the War• Truman commits w/o Congress declaration

of war.• Increased military spending.• SEATO – Southeast Asian Treaty

Organization

Jumpstart AssignmentAnswer after watching the video: Do you think living in the Cold War would have been a scary, interesting, or fun time to live in America?

Group Work/Presentations• Directions:

– Read the section that refers to your question(s).– Prepare a presentation to teach your term(s) to

the class. Be sure to answer all questions from your chapter or section.

– Add something from that section/chapter that you think may be important/interesting for your classmates to know.

– Create a visual aid as part of your presentation for your chapter (skit, drawing, illustration, etc.)

B-29 Super Fortress Bomber

Nevada Test Site

Nuclear Test Site

Nuclear Test Site

Nuclear Stockpiles

Khrushchev and Eisenhower

Hungary vs. Soviet Union – 1956 Olympics

Suez Crisis

Sputnik 1 and 2

Laika – Sputnik 2

Cold War Inventions

Fall Out Shelters

Fall Out Shelter

Duck and Cover

Jumpstart Assignment• I will read a statement, then you will need to

answer the question: What does it mean for someone to be “un-American?”

Worrying About Communism• Worry about communism abroad and at home

caused Americans to tune in to the news.• The Red Scare or fear that communists were

working to destroy American life gripped the United States.

• In 1940, the Truman administration used the Smith Act to cripple the communist party – a law that made in unlawful to teach or advocate violent overthrow of the U.S. government.

The Witch Hunt in Congress• In 1938, Congress created the House Un-

American Activities Committee (HUAC) to investigate activities of communists and fascists.

• Hollywood Ten were a group of left-wing writers, producers and directors who refused to answer questions regarding their political beliefs.– At the trial, a blacklist was circulated of

entertainment figures who should not be hired because of their suspected communist ties.

Spy CasesAlger Hiss Julius and Ethel

Rosenberg

Joseph McCarthy and McCarthyism• In Feb. 1950, gave a speech in which he

charged that the State Department was infested with communist agents.

• McCarthyism became a catchword for extreme, reckless charges.

• Being accused by McCarthy is some cases was grounds enough to get you fired and ruin your reputation.