Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

Chapter 10 Section 2 Notes

Where is the war fought?Where is the war fought?Mainly in 2 Spanish ColoniesMainly in 2 Spanish Colonies

a. Cubaa. Cuba

b. The Phillipinesb. The Phillipines

Origins of the ConflictOrigins of the Conflict U.S. wanted to buy Cuba from SpainU.S. wanted to buy Cuba from Spain in mid 1800’s in mid 1800’s

– Spain says noSpain says no– Cuban people have unsuccessful revolutionCuban people have unsuccessful revolution

Unhappy with Spanish rule, want independenceUnhappy with Spanish rule, want independence Spain eliminates slavery in CubaSpain eliminates slavery in Cuba in mid 1880s in mid 1880s

– American businesses go there to set up businessesAmerican businesses go there to set up businesses Especially sugar cane and tobacco plantationsEspecially sugar cane and tobacco plantations

Cuba’s 2Cuba’s 2ndnd attempt at Revolution attempt at Revolution Led byLed by Jose MartiJose Marti

– Rebels destroyed Spanish and U.S. propertyRebels destroyed Spanish and U.S. property Tried to drag U.S. into conflictTried to drag U.S. into conflict Didn’t work right away. Quickly defeated by SpainDidn’t work right away. Quickly defeated by Spain

Valeriano Weyler – Spanish Governor of CubaValeriano Weyler – Spanish Governor of Cuba– Unhappy with revolutionariesUnhappy with revolutionaries and Cubans in general and Cubans in general

Ordered all Cuban natives into campsOrdered all Cuban natives into camps 1 out of 8 Cubans died1 out of 8 Cubans died (got ill, malnourished, beaten)(got ill, malnourished, beaten)

Weyler’s nickname in the press was “The Butcher”

U.S. Govt. wants to stay neutral at 1U.S. Govt. wants to stay neutral at 1stst

– Why?Why? U.S. had pretty good relationship with SpainU.S. had pretty good relationship with Spain

– What changes this?What changes this? 3 main things3 main things

1. Yellow Journalism1. Yellow Journalism In competition for readers, two In competition for readers, two

New York newspapers wrote New York newspapers wrote exaggerated stories about the exaggerated stories about the Cuban rebellion. This Cuban rebellion. This yellow yellow journalismjournalism – – sensational sensational writing that exaggerates news writing that exaggerates news to attract and enrage readersto attract and enrage readers -- sold a lot of paperssold a lot of papers but had but had other effects as well:other effects as well:– It whipped up American public opinion It whipped up American public opinion

in favor of the Cuban rebels. in favor of the Cuban rebels. – It led to a burst of national pride and It led to a burst of national pride and

the desire for an aggressive foreign the desire for an aggressive foreign policypolicy

2. The De Lome Letter2. The De Lome Letter A letter from a Spanish Govt. official in Cuba A letter from a Spanish Govt. official in Cuba

intended for “a higher up” in Spain was stolen by intended for “a higher up” in Spain was stolen by Cuban revolutionaries, who sold it to a NY Paper Cuban revolutionaries, who sold it to a NY Paper

It It basically called U.S. President McKinley a basically called U.S. President McKinley a wimpwimp

3. U.S.S. Maine Explodes3. U.S.S. Maine Explodes BattleshipBattleship stationed stationed close to Cubaclose to Cuba Nobody knows for sure what caused the explosionNobody knows for sure what caused the explosion Around Around 260 Americans killed260 Americans killed U.S. papersU.S. papers jump to the jump to the conclusionconclusion that that Spain did it.Spain did it.

“ “Remember the Maine”Remember the Maine”

U.S. Govt. pressured to U.S. Govt. pressured to actact

Declares warDeclares war (April 1898) (April 1898) Includes Teller AmendmentIncludes Teller Amendment

U.S. promises to not make Cuba a U.S. promises to not make Cuba a territory after peace was established.territory after peace was established.

– Cuban people would finally get independence.Cuban people would finally get independence.

The War (Part 1)The War (Part 1) U.S. began with a surprise attackU.S. began with a surprise attack (May 1, (May 1,

1898)1898) Where?Where? The PhilippinesThe Philippines (another Spanish (another Spanish

colony)colony)– Not close to CubaNot close to Cuba (in the (in the Pacific OceanPacific Ocean))

Why?Why?– to sink Spanish shipsto sink Spanish ships stationed there stationed there

before they could sail towards the U.S. or before they could sail towards the U.S. or reinforce Cubareinforce Cuba

Admiral George DeweyAdmiral George Dewey (under orders from the (under orders from the Asst. Sec. of the Navy Teddy Roosevelt) Asst. Sec. of the Navy Teddy Roosevelt) destroyed destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific fleetSpain’s entire Pacific fleet in 7 hours in 7 hours

Gave Gave Filipino revolutionary leaderFilipino revolutionary leader (Aguinaldo)(Aguinaldo) resources to lead a land invasion.resources to lead a land invasion. – Did not originally plan to do thisDid not originally plan to do this

Spain surrenders in PhilippinesSpain surrenders in Philippines (Aug. 1898) (Aug. 1898)– Who would rule the islands?Who would rule the islands?

The revolutionaries (led by Aguilnaldo)? OR…The revolutionaries (led by Aguilnaldo)? OR… The U.S (a new colony)? The U.S (a new colony)?

More inSec. 3

The War (Part 2)The War (Part 2) Focus is on CubaFocus is on Cuba U.S. Navy and Cavalry attack togetherU.S. Navy and Cavalry attack together

U.S troopsArrive in CubaJune 22, 1898

U.S. Military not well U.S. Military not well equippedequipped

- Small # of troopsSmall # of troops- SuppliesSupplies like food, clothing, weapons, like food, clothing, weapons,

and medicine and medicine werewere either either scarce, scarce, inappropriate, or out of date.inappropriate, or out of date.

The Rough RidersThe Rough Riders

-Teddy Roosevelt resigns his post in the Pacific for some action in Cuba-Led group of cavalry in many battles

(Most Famous – San Juan Hill)-Brought his own photographer with him-Became a hero due to this

(led to him being governor of NY and eventually President)

African African Americans Americans also helped also helped but get hardly but get hardly any creditany credit

Navy Sinks Spanish Fleet in Navy Sinks Spanish Fleet in CubaCuba Navy had ships stationed off East Coast and Navy had ships stationed off East Coast and

Florida prepared for an attack on U.S.Florida prepared for an attack on U.S.– Led by Admiral SampsonLed by Admiral Sampson

Spain sent all ships to Santiago (port in Cuba) Spain sent all ships to Santiago (port in Cuba) to give supplies and organize (bad idea)to give supplies and organize (bad idea)– U.S. found out, surrounded the port, and sunk all U.S. found out, surrounded the port, and sunk all

ships when they tried to leaveships when they tried to leave

Results

Spanish – 500 killed US – 1 killed

The End of the WarThe End of the War armisticearmistice (cease fire)(cease fire) agreed to in August 1898. agreed to in August 1898.

– around 3 and a half months after war started around 3 and a half months after war started (short war!) Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris officially signed in February 1899 officially signed in February 1899

– Cuba freedCuba freed (what now?) (what now?)– Guam Guam (in Pacific)(in Pacific) and Puerto Rico and Puerto Rico (in Carribean)(in Carribean)

become U.S. territoriesbecome U.S. territories– Philippines bought for Philippines bought for $20 million$20 million (debate started) (debate started)

Website has 8 min video Summarizing Sp. Am. War